Qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab qhov zoo ntawm brickwork nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm seams ntawm cov khoom. Tus nqi no tau muab tso rau ntawm theem ntawm kev tsim cov phiaj xwm thiab yuav tsum tau tswj hwm hauv txhua kab. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas qhov ntsuas no los ntawm kev ntsuas qhov siab txhua 5-6 kab.
Vim li cas koj yuav tsum ua raws li txoj cai
Yog tias qhov kev pom zoo tsis tau raws li qhov tseem ceeb, qhov no yuav qhia txog kev siv nyiaj ntau dhau ntawm kev daws teeb meem, tsim cov ntawv cog lus tsis muaj zog thiab kev puas tsuaj sai ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej. Qhov txo qis hauv lub zog yog vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm compressive thiab dabtsi yog khoov loads. Qhov no kuj yog vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov dej noo ntau dhau los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem suav tias tsim nyog.
Yuav tsum tau ntawm SNIP rau lub thickness ntawm seam
Lub thickness ntawm cov pob qij txha hauv brickwork yog nyob rau nruab nrab 10 hli. Tus nqi kawg yog xaiv nyob ntawm tus tsim thiab hom khoom siv. Thaum lojdownward deviations, nws tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov khoom, thiab suav cov blocks yuav tsis txaus. Yog tias koj nce tus nqi hais, ces cov phab ntsa yuav plam lub zog rau cov laj thawj uas tau hais los saum toj no.
Cov lus hais tsis yog siv rau hauv kev tsim kho cov phab ntsa uas muaj kabmob. Rau masonry, lub thickness ntawm kab rov tav pob qij txha yog tswj ntawm 12 hli. Vertical pob qij txha feem ntau yog 10 mm. Cov kev txwv nyob rau hauv cov kab ntev sib txawv ntawm 10 mus rau 15. Nyob rau hauv cov kab transverse - los ntawm 8 mus rau 12. Yog hais tias tej yam tseem ceeb yog los ntawm qhov project, ces deviation ntawm lawv yog tsis tsim nyog, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab txheeb xyuas.
Cov Lus Qhia Tus Kheej
Lub thickness ntawm seams hauv brickwork yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Qhov no yog cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov masons, cov cuab yeej xaiv thiab kev nruj ntawm cov mortar, nrog rau cov xwm txheej huab cua thaum ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm tom qab. Raws li kev xaiv thev naus laus zis ntawm mortar nruj, thaum lub sij hawm tso, cib tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib lub clamp, uas yuav tsum tau muaj zog cement-xuab zeb sib tov. Lub thickness ntawm seam yog qhov siab tshaj plaws - 12 hli.
Yog tias siv cov yas thiab cov kua sib xyaw ua ke, ces cov cib tau muab tso rau qhov kawg-rau-kawg thiab nrog kev txiav, uas yog, ze li sai tau. Cov kauj ruam ntawm cov khoom uas nyob ib sab yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 10 hli. Lub thickness ntawm cov pob qij txha nyob rau hauv lub brickwork yog ua me me yog hais tias cov hauj lwm yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau ntxiv rau cov khoom sib tov, thiab cov seams yog rhuab tom qab tso cov khoom. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau cov phab ntsa uas ua rau sab qaum teb latitudes.
Masonry ua tiavraws li monolithic kom txo tau cov nyhuv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thickness tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov duab thiab geometric dimensional raug. Yog hais tias peb muab piv nrog aerated qhob blocks uas tau nteg nyob rau hauv lub tsev kua nplaum (qhov sib koom ua ke thickness yog 3 cm), ces nws yog yooj yim dua rau nruab ib lub cib, vim hais tias koj yuav tsum tau kho deviations los ntawm cov normative thiab tshaj tawm qhov tseem ceeb. Cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem sib txawv thiab pheej yig, yuam cov kws tshaj lij hloov cov tuab ntawm cov pob qij txha los ntawm 12 hli kom haum rau cov ntaub ntawv tsim.
Dab tsi tseem ceeb kom paub
Qhov kawg ntawm kev xaiv cov tuab ntawm cov pob qij txha hauv brickwork feem ntau yog txiav txim siab. Cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem kho cov khoom nrog cov duab tsis zoo thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg, thiab nrog kev sib txawv loj, qhov kawg lub zog ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem raug txo mus txog 25%. Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem, kev txhawb nqa pab me me, thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum raug kuaj kom zoo ntawm theem ntawm kev yuav khoom.
Qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm masonry, ntxiv rau lub thickness ntawm lub mortar, yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qib zog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account Frost tsis kam, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm voids nrog rau qhov tseeb geometric. Qhov tuab ntawm kab rov tav brickwork sib koom ua ke no muaj tseeb rau tag nrho cov khoom me me, suav nrog kev sib ntsib thiab silicate.
nce lub thickness yog me ntsis tso cai thaum ua hauj lwm nrog ob ntau yam, tab sis thaum erecting load-bearing phab ntsa thiab ua rau pem hauv ntej masonry, txheej nyob rau hauv relation mus rau ntsug seam yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv 10 hli; Raws li rau longitudinal, tus nqi no yog 12 hli. Raws li ib qho kev zam, kub-kub furnacesCov khoom siv cua sov thiab cov qauv zoo sib xws ua los ntawm cov khoom siv refractory. Kwv yees li 5 hli ntawm kev daws yuav tsum tau sab laug ntawm lawv. Ib pawg cais yuav tsum suav nrog cov vuas duab plaub. Nws yog nteg nyob rau hauv ua raws li cov kev cai sib koom ua ke pom zoo. Nws nyob ntawm hom ntug ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ntxhib los mos, nrog rau cov kev cai rau kev tiv thaiv ya raws.
Lub thickness ntawm seam ntawm tig ntsej muag cib
Lub thickness ntawm seam nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag brickwork yog 12 hli. Txhawm rau kom cov phab ntsa ua pa zoo dua, txhua qhov plaub ntsug ntsug yuav tsum tau ntim nrog mortar. Ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tshwj xeeb spacers-crosses siv rau brickwork. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, koj yuav tuaj yeem tsim tib lub thickness ntawm seams.
Gaskets tau nruab nruab nrab ntawm cov cib uas nyob ib sab thiab tso cai rau koj los kho qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom. Tshem cov spacers ua ntej grouting sab nraud seams. Yog li, lub thickness ntawm cov seam nyob rau hauv lub brickwork ntawm lub ntsej muag cib yog tib yam li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm zoo tib yam bricks.
hom kev seams
Raws li kev ua tiav tom ntej thiab kev teeb tsa, muaj peb hom seams:
- khib;
- nce seam;
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg.
Yog tias cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau plastered, ces kom zoo dua kev sib txuas nrog txheej txheej, cov seams los ntawm sab ntawm pem hauv ntej nto yuav tsum tsis txhob muab ntim nrog mortar 15 mm tob. Xws li masonry yog hu ua pov tseg. Yog ibcov tshuaj mus txog rau pem hauv ntej nto, ces tso yog ua nyob rau hauv pruning. Cov sib tov ntau dhau yog squeezed tawm nrog ib lub cib ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab trimmed nrog ib tug trowel. Lawv tuaj yeem ua kom du nrog stitching.
Nyob ntawm hom kev sib koom ua ke, nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm convex thiab concave seam. Txoj kev no yog siv thaum tso rau ntawm ib qho kev hnav khaub ncaws ib leeg. Tab sis txhawm rau pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm, yuav tsum siv qee qhov algorithm. Tom qab nteg lub bonder bricks, rab diav cib yog nteg, ces lub puab versts thiab filling ntawm phab ntsa mus. Yog tias koj ua raws li cov kab ke no, ces koj yuav tsis tas hloov ntawm sab nraud mus rau sab hauv versts ntau npaum li thaum tso, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm ib kab, thiab tom qab ntawd lwm qhov.
Txoj kev tso cib
Tam sim no koj paub qhov nruab nrab tuab ntawm cov kab rov tav pob qij txha hauv brickwork. Txawm li cas los xij, kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau nug txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov no lossis txoj kev ntawd yog nyob ntawm ntau yam, ntawm lawv:
- season;
- plasticity ntawm kev daws;
- pom ntawm pem hauv ntej nto.
Txoj kev nias-on yog siv rau ob rab diav thiab daim ntawv cog lus. Cov tshuab no siv tau ua ke nrog cov kev daws teeb meem nruj nrog kev puv puv. Txog 10 hli yuav tsum tau khaws cia los ntawm ntug ntawm lub mortar txaj ntawm pem hauv ntej phab ntsa. Muaj 1 txoj hauv kev ntxiv - rov qab los. Lwm lub npe rau nws yog nyob rau hauv lub pov tseg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub ntsej muag seams tsis tag nrho. Cov kev daws teeb meem yas siv tau ntawm no. Nrog rau txoj kev no, lub filling yuav ua tsis tiav, thiab cov kauj ruam los ntawm txoj kab ntsugdav hlau yuav muab sib npaug rau 30 mm.
Koj tuaj yeem siv lub pob tw nrog kev txiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuaj sib kis, raws li txoj hauv kev clamping, thiab kev ua haujlwm masonry yog ua raws li kev siv tshuab pob tw. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum yog ib qho nyuaj, thiab trimming yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev ntxiab extruded tov nrog ib tug trowel. Kev sib xyaw ntau dhau yog muab pov rau hauv ntu tom ntej. Hom masonry no yog kev lag luam ntau dua nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev noj cov khoom muaj feem xyuam.
Rau qhov rov qab ua dua, siv txoj hauv kev ib nrab ntxiv. Ua ntej, cov kab sab nrauv tau muab tso, thiab cov haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua nrog ob txhais tes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau nqa ob lub cib thiab coj lawv tiaj tus ntawm qhov deb ntawm 8 cm ntawm cov khoom nteg thaum ntxov.
Masonry mortars
Dab tsi thickness ntawm seam nyob rau hauv brickwork yuav tsum yog, tam sim no koj paub. Tab sis rau kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau nug txog hom kev daws teeb meem. Ntawm lwm tus, cov txiv qaub sib tov yuav tsum paub qhov txawv. Yog hais tias koj xav tau ib tug ntau yas muaj pes tsawg leeg rau kev txhim kho sab hauv partitions los yog txhim kho laj kab, qhov sib tov yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum. Lub hauv paus yuav yog xuab zeb, nrog rau ceev lime. Cov khoom xyaw yog tov kom txog thaum ib homogeneous loj tau txais, uas dej yog ntxiv. Xws li cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj impurities thiab lumps. Rau ib feem ntawm txiv qaub, los ntawm 2 mus rau 5 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb ntawm nruab nrab feem yuav txaus.
Feem ntau yog cov cement mortar, uas yog npaj los ntawm cov khoom ntawm tib lub npe thiab xuab zeb. Cov proportions yuav txawv heev thiab nyob ntawm seb hom ntawm cov cement. Yog li, los ntawm 3 mus rau 6 feem ntawm cov xuab zeb tuaj yeem ntxiv rau ib feem ntawm cov cement. Ua ntej, ib qho kev sib tov qhuav yog kneaded, uas cov dej maj mam ntxiv. Txhua yam yog tov kom txog thaum homogeneous tuab pawg. Lub mortar tej zaum yuav tawv, tawv heev, los yog muaj zog heev.
Lub mortar yuav complex, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws muaj txiv qaub, cement thiab av nplaum. Cement thiab lwm yam khoom tuaj yeem ntxiv rau txiv qaub. Av nplaum yog ntxiv los ua kom muaj cov yas ntau dua. Nws tsis poob sib nrug thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab haum yooj yim. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas lub thickness ntawm cov seam nyob rau hauv lub brickwork rau lub cub tawg los yog phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev nyob, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb qhov sib tov yuav siv rau tej hauj lwm.
Nyob hauv kaw
Yuav kom lub tsev ruaj khov, koj yuav tsum ua raws li SNiP 3.03.01-87. Cov ntaub ntawv no siv tau rau kev tsim cov pob zeb thiab cib ntsa. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, koj yuav kawm paub yuav ua li cas nteg nrog tag nrho cov cib thiab pob zeb ntawm txhua yam.
