Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov vov tsev steel, piv nrog cov pob zeb paving, yog lub zog thiab kav ntev. Hlau, ntawm chav kawm, muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau dua loads dua ntoo. Lub ntsiab tsis zoo ntawm xws li trusses yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv cov nqi siab thiab ib co nyuaj rau installation.
Hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug, cov qauv ntawm hom no tau siv tsawg heev. Yeej, lawv tau mounted thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam, warehouse thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm ib cheeb tsam loj. Hauv cov tsev neeg ntiag tug, cov liaj teb no feem ntau yog welded los ntawm lub ces kaum tsuas yog thaum sib sau ua ke qee cov qauv hlau me me, piv txwv li, gazebos lossis sheds.
Dab tsi yog
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau truss yog:
- sab siv;
- kwv yees;
- grille nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuab truss tuaj yeem txuas tau los ntawm vuam, bolts lossis rivets. Muaj cov nodes ntawm teb los ntawm cov ces kaum thiab cov kav dej nrog ncaj qhanyob sib ze thiab ntawm gussets.
Cov chords sab sauv thiab qis ntawm cov txheej txheem hlau txhawb nqa tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov yeeb nkab profiled. Thaum txhim kho lub ru tsev thav duab ntawm cov tsev lag luam loj, qee zaum, cov channel muaj zog kuj tseem siv rau lub hom phiaj no.
Lub kaum rau kev tsim kho ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub ru tsev kuj tau siv ntau zaus. Qee lub sij hawm ua liaj ua teb tau sib sau los ntawm ib qho khoom siv hlau ntawm hom no. Tab sis nyob rau hauv feem ntau, cov siv yog mounted los ntawm cov ces kaum txuas nrog lub hom. Qhov no tso cai rau cov qauv muaj zog ntau dua los ua ke.
Rau vuam txoj siv sab sauv ntawm cov tshuab zoo li no, nws yuav tsum siv cov ces kaum nrog qhov dav sib txawv ntawm cov txee. Rau qhov qis screed ntawm ua liaj ua teb, los ntawm cov fab sib txuas, cov khoom siv sib npaug hauv lub dav hlau pem hauv ntej. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau koj los sib sau ua ke cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov. Hauv txoj siv sia sab sauv, qhov no, cov ces kaum txuas nrog rau sab me dua.
Ua liaj ua teb pob qhov rooj los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke yog tsim los ntawm gussets. Lattice rods txuas rau tom kawg nrog flank seams. Cov gussets lawv tus kheej ua rau cov ces kaum. Hauv qhov no, cov node yog qhov kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlua khi ntawm lub ces kaum yog:
- racks perpendicular to the axis;
- angled struts;
- sprengels lossis auxiliary struts.
Qhov no ntawm kev tsim cov hlau truss system yog sib sau ua ke ob qho tib si thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm cov tsev loj thiab me me architectural cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau los ntawmtib lub ces kaum. Qee zaum cov yeeb nkab profiled ntawm ib qho me me kuj tseem siv rau lub hom phiaj no.
Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm kaum trusses feem ntau yog cov kabmob Z-profiles, uas cov khoom siv vov tsev yog txuas ntxiv tom qab. Qee lub sij hawm xws li cov ntsiab lus tsis tau mounted thaum sib sau cov qauv txhawb nqa ntawm lub ru tsev.
Thaum txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv me me, ntawm lwm yam, siv cov trusses yooj yim tsis siv, uas yog cov qauv tsim ib lub dav hlau. Hauv kev tsim cov tshuab zoo li no, ib daim duab peb sab yog thawj welded. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ntxiv dag zog nrog stiffeners thiab struts.
Cov hom trusses feem ntau los ntawm kev tsim
Feem ntau, hlau truss tshuab yog siv los ua tus ncej ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm cov tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv me me:
- triangular;
- arched.
Thaum lub sij hawm tsim tsev, gazebos thiab sheds, feem ntau, thawj hom trusses yog mounted los ntawm ib tug ces kaum thiab ib tug yeeb nkab. Cov qauv zoo li no tuaj yeem txuas rau ob qho tib si ib leeg thiab ob lub ru tsev.
Arched trusses yog qhov nyuaj rau nruab thiab kim dua. Txhawm rau sib sau ua ke hauv tsev neeg ntiag tug, ntawm lwm yam, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov khoom siv xws li cov yeeb nkab bender. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm xws li trusses, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog triangular trusses, yog aesthetic thov. Hauv cov tsev neeg ntiag tug, cov qauv zoo li no feem ntau yog mounted thaum sib sau ua ke canopies thiab canopies zoo nkauj architecture thiab tsim, forged thiab carved nrog polycarbonate txheej, vuas hloov tau,shingles.
Yuav ua li cas lwm hom tuaj yeem txuas tau
Thaum txhim kho cov qauv vaj tsev me me thiab cov tsev me, arched lossis triangular trusses feem ntau yog sib sau los ntawm ib lub ces kaum. Thaum txhim kho cov vaj tsev ntawm thaj chaw loj, cov qauv ntawm hom no kuj tuaj yeem txuas tau:
- nrog txoj siv sia mus tas li (lub voj voog) - qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws, mounted los ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo ib yam;
- polygonal - analogue ntawm lub ru tsev tawg;
- trapezoidal;
- segmental - zoo ib yam li cov arched sawv daws yuav, tab sis muaj ib tug complex qauv.
Ib leeg trusses los ntawm cov ces kaum ib txwm muaj daim duab peb sab.
Nyob ntawm gratings
Ib feem ntawm cov qauv truss nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov chords sab sauv thiab qis, tig, tuaj yeem yog:
- daim duab peb sab - cov struts yog interconnected tsis racks;
- daim duab peb sab nrog ntxiv uprights - ntsug ntsiab yog mounted ze rau txhua brace;
- hla - nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej dav hlau zoo li ib kab ntawm cov duab plaub nrog kab pheeb ces kaum;
- nrog ascending or descending braces;
- strengel complex shape;
- hla, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej dav hlau, uas yog ib tug series ntawm rhombuses, sib sau ua ke yam tsis siv racks;
- rhombic, cross-like but stud-mounted;
- ib nrab kab pheeb ces kaum (herringbone dag ntawm nws sab).
Yuav ua li cas ua ib qhov project
Ua ntej koj pib ua tus kheej ntawm lub truss los ntawm ob lub ces kaum, ib leeg lossis cov kav dej, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab:
- nrog ru tsev teeb tsa;
- slope angle.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlau truss slopes yuav txawv. Nrog rau kev siv cov qauv zoo li no, nws raug tso cai los tsim, suav nrog ntau lub tsev gable complex ru tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov tsev neeg ntiag tug, feem ntau, thaum tsim cov ntawv me me, ib- lossis ob-txoj kab nqes trusses tseem mounted. Xws li cov qauv tsim tau yooj yim sib sau ua ke thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj kev ntseeg siab.
Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev slopes nrog cov hlau truss yog txiav txim siab nyob ntawm cov cua thiab daus load thiab lwm yam. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nws tus kheej xam qhov ntsuas no rau steel truss systems raws li tag nrho cov kev cai, tsis zoo li cov ntoo, tsis muaj kev paub tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau, cov tswv ntawm cov cheeb tsam suburban tsuas pom cov qauv ua liaj ua teb raug tsim los ntawm ib qho los yog lwm qhov. Tom ntej no, cov ntsuas tsim nyog tau hloov pauv rau hauv nws.
Piv txwv ntawm cov qauv
txhawm rau xam cov truss los ntawm ob lossis ib lub ces kaum, koj yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab qhov siab thiab ntev ntawm cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov taw qhia tom qab yuav sib haum mus rau qhov deb uas tus qauv yuav npog thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm (qhov dav ntawm lub tsev ntxiv rau overhangs).
Qhov siab truss qhov siab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
- rau polygonal, parallel thiab trapezoidal - H=1/8L;
- rau daim duab peb sab - 1/4L lossis 1/5L.
Ntawm H yog qhov siab ntawm lub truss, L yog nws qhov ntev. Struts nyob rau hauv lub lattice ntawm hlau thav duab ntawm lub ru tsev tuaj yeem ntsia tau ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 35 ° txog 50 °. Hauv qhov no, tus nqi ntawm 45 ° yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Thaum siv cov struts mounted nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, cov qauv kev txhawb nqa yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws.
xav ua liaj teb los ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm arched
Hauv cov qauv tsim, qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom hlau yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
mh=pi × R × a × 180, qhov mh yog qhov ntev ntawm kaum, pi=3.14, R yog lub vojvoog ntawm lub voj voog, a yog lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub voj voog ntawm lub voj voog kos mus rau qhov siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj siv qis.
Yog tias qhov ncua sij hawm hauv ib daim ntawv me me yog qhov tsawg dua 6 meters, tsis txhob siv lub truss nyuaj, nws raug tso cai siv ib qho los yog ob lub nqaj, khoov rau hauv lub vojvoog xaiv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tsis yog ib lub ces kaum, tab sis cov yeeb nkab profile feem ntau yog siv los sib sau ua ke cov qauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub ru tsev.
Thaum kawg ntawm kev suav, thaum kos ib qhov project ru tsev, nws yuav tsum ua ib daim duab qhia txog qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus, lawv lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination, thiab lwm yam. los ntawm cov ces kaum los yog cov qauv yooj yim.
Txoj cai kev teeb tsa
Thaum sib sau cov ru tsev hlau nrog koj tus kheej tes, nws raug nquahu kom ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- Txhawb cov kab ntsug ntawm cov hlau loj (cov kab ntoo, cov tsev) zoo tshaj plaws tsis yog los ntawm ib lub ces kaum, tab sislos ntawm cov yeeb nkab profile. Xws li cov hlau dov yog ruaj dua. Los ntawm tib cov ntaub ntawv nws yog ntshaw kom ua lub racks ntawm trusses lawv tus kheej. Los ntawm cov ces kaum hauv cov qauv tsim, koj tuaj yeem ua tus ncej thiab braces.
- Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ceev cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv truss ua ke siv tacks thiab ntxaib fab.
- Nyob rau saum chord, cov khoom yuav tsum tau koom nrog siv I-beams.
- Cov ces kaum sib npaug siv rau hauv cov phooj ywg hauv qis chord.
- Txhawm rau koom nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov truss, uas yog ntev, nyiaj siv ua haujlwm tuab steel phaj yuav tsum tau siv.
Yuav kom tsis suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm deflection ntawm txoj siv sia, lub ru tsev ntawm cov hlau truss yog mounted kom nws qhov hnyav poob ntawm cov truss nodes los ntawm cov ces kaum.
Sib dhos xaj
Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev sib dhos tus kheej ntawm cov hlau truss tshuab, tau kawg, yog txiav lub ces kaum thiab lwm yam khoom hlau, raws li daim duab kos. Tom ntej:
- sib dhos cov qauv truss rau hauv av;
- ua tib zoo xyuas nws cov duab geometry siv lub xwmfab thiab qib;
- weld cov thav duab sib dhos siv cov phaj sib tshooj thiab cov ces kaum qhov tsim nyog.
Qhov kev txiav txim uas lub truss sib sau ua ke rau hauv av feem ntau yog raws li hauv qab no:
- nteg cov kav dej ntev lossis cov ces kaum (nrog ob lub trusses, Taurus yog welded ua ntej);
- welded racks;
- weld braces thiab lintels.
Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev sib dhos ntawm lub truss, qhov zoo ntawm cov welds tau raug kuaj xyuas. Tus tsim, tau kawg, yuav tsum ntseeg tau li qhov ua tau.
Tom qab thawj daim teb npaj txhij, pib sib sau ua ke tom ntej. Yog li, tag nrho cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm truss system ntawm cov qauv yog welded.
Kev sib sau ua ke
Trusses npaj ua li no nyob rau theem tom ntej yog nqa mus rau racks lossis lub thawv tsev. Lub sab sauv trim ntawm cov qauv thiab kev txhawb nqa beams yog pre-mounted los ntawm lub ces kaum los yog yeeb nkab. Kev ua liaj ua teb yog welded, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv txuas nrog ib leeg nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nruab nrab jumpers. Cov yav tas feem ntau yog mounted ntawm qhov deb tsawg kawg yog 1.5 m ntawm ib leeg.
Thaum kawg, tag nrho cov txheej txheem truss los ntawm lub kaum sab xis hlau lossis yeeb nkab yog hauv av, primed thiab pleev xim rau. Tom qab ntawd, mus rau qhov tseeb ru tsev sheathing.
Yuav tsum tau nyob ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev xav
Tag nrho cov hlau trusses siv rau kev tsim kho lub ru tsev yog conventionally muab faib ua peb pawg:
- nrog txoj kab nqes los ntawm 6 txog 15 °;
- 15 to 22°;
- 22 to 33°.
Nws ntseeg tias lub ru tsev ntawm thawj hom yuav tsum tau mounted siv trapezoid trusses nrog qhov siab ntawm 1/7 txog 1/9 ntawm qhov ntev. Yog hais tias lub qab nthab tsis yog yuav tsum tau hemmed nyob rau hauv cov qauv yav tom ntej, lub braces nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug qauv yog ntsia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim duab peb sab lattice.
Rau cov ru tsev nrog txoj kab nqes los ntawm 15 mus rau22 ° trusses feem ntau yog siv nrog qhov siab ntawm 1/7 ntawm qhov ntev. Qhov no tso cai rau koj mus mount tus tsim txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws. Yog tias xav tau qhov siab ntau dua (los ntawm 0.16-0.23 ntu ntawm qhov ntev), qhov qis chord tau tawg. Siv txoj kev no, qhov hnyav carcass tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm 30%.
Nws raug tso cai rau nruab trusses los ntawm cov kaum sab xis steel nrog lub chord qis qis nkaus xwb ntawm cov qauv uas muaj qhov ntev tsis pub tshaj 20 m. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tsum tau mount Polonso cov qauv.
Rau trusses nrog txoj kab nqes ntawm 22-30 °, qhov siab ntawm 1/5 ntawm qhov ntev yog feem ntau xaiv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus tsim yuav tig tawm kom pom lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab tom qab los nag yuav sai sai thiab daus yuav poob los ntawm nws. Daim duab peb sab trusses los ntawm cov ces kaum feem ntau yog ntsia rau ntawm cov tsev zoo li no.
Npog lub ru tsev nrog txoj kab nqes hauv feem ntau nrog slate lossis cov ntawv hlau. Rau ntev spans los ntawm 14 m, trusses nrog descending braces feem ntau yog siv. Cov qauv zoo li no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov daus thiab cua hnyav.
Twin farms
Cov tshuab zoo li no feem ntau yog ntsia rau ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov thawv thaum qhov ntev tshaj 10-12 m. Qhov no, tag nrho cov truss yuav hnyav heev. Thiab qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog nws kev thauj mus los thiab installation ntawm lub thawv. Yog li ntawd, rau qhov dav dav, lub kaw lus tau muab faib ua ob ntu, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas rau saum toj los ntawm puffs thiab vuam.
Thaum tsim thiab xam ua liaj ua teb ua ke, ib qho yuav tsum, ntawm lwm yam, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias ob qho tib si yuav tsum zoo ib yam nkaus. I.eib nrab yuav tsum tsis txhob muab faib ua sab laug thiab sab xis. Txwv tsis pub, tsis meej pem yuav tshwm sim thaum mounting trusses ntawm lub tsev ncej.
Thaum sib sau ua ke ob lub qauv ntawm sab saum toj, nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv, ntxiv rau vuam, ntau qhov sib txuas bolted li sai tau. Hauv qhov no, cov pob qij txha yuav ua tau ntev tshaj plaws.
Polonceau Farms yog dab tsi
Cov qauv zoo li no muaj ob daim duab peb sab txuas los ntawm kev sib txuas. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm xws li trusses yog tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau siv ntev braces. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, kev tsim kho tsis yog tsuas yog muaj zog, tab sis kuj yog lub teeb.
Cov trusses yog mounted, raws li twb tau hais lawm, ntev spans. Feem ntau lawv tau siv rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse loj.
Tub-hlau trusses
txhawm rau txuag nyiaj hauv kev tsim vaj tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv me me, thiab lwm yam, siv cov qauv kev txhawb nqa ua ke. Piv txwv li, txoj hlua khi qis, racks thiab puffs feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab lub kaum sab xis, thiab txoj siv tawv sab saud yog ua los ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm lossis ib lub bar.
Cov ntoo rau cov qauv zoo li no tau xaiv kom qhuav thiab muaj cov pob qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Cov dej noo ntawm cov ntoo lossis cov laug cam yuav tsum tsis pub ntau tshaj 12%. Ua ntej siv rau kev sib sau ua ke ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev sib koom ua ke, nws yog ntshaw kom qhuav lub lumber rau ob peb lub hlis ntxiv. Txwv tsis pub, vim qhov shrinkage, ntoo hauv cov ncej tiav tuaj yeem tawg tom qab (cov hlau yuav khaws nws qhov ntev).
Tauxws li cov liaj teb tau ua kom ruaj khov dua, lawv feem ntau yog ntxiv dag zog. Feem ntau, steel bar yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntoo-hlau trusses tuaj yeem ntxiv nrog fiberglass reinforcement. Qws nrog ntoo feem ntau yog txuas nrog epoxy kua nplaum. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub reinforcement yog dhau mus rau sab sauv chord (nyob rau hauv glued lug).
