Nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub, cov khoom siv tooj dag feem ntau pom. Thaum kho lawv, cov tswv yuav tsum siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab. Txij li txoj kev no ntawm kev koom nrog cov hlau muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, cov neeg pib tshiab yuav ntsib teeb meem hauv kev ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, lawv xav paub yuav ua li cas solder tooj dag. Yog tias koj paub txog cov cuab yeej technology thiab ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tus txheej txheem no. Koj yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog yuav ua li cas solder tooj dag hauv tsev hauv kab lus no.
About alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg
Nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub muaj ntau yam sib txawv uas muaj tooj dag thiab tooj liab. Txawm hais tias sab nraud zoo sib xws ntawm cov tooj liab alloys, lawv muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Brass yog tooj liab-zinc alloy uas tin, aluminium thiab lwm yam hlau ntxiv thaum tsim khoom. Bronze yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tin, txhuas, txhuas thiab lwm yam khoom siv nrog tooj liab. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tooj dag nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tin yog ze rau bronze, tab sis zinc predominates nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov hlau.
Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv tooj liab alloys
Ntau tus pib nug cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas solder tooj liab thiab tooj dag. Kev txaus siab yog vim qhov tseeb tias soldering yog txuam nrog qee qhov teeb meem. Thaum lub sij hawm raug thermal, active evaporation ntawm zinc alloy tshwm sim, uas ua rau tsim ib tug ntom zaj duab xis ntawm zinc thiab tooj liab oxides. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los rhuav tshem nws. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, rosin yuav tsis tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no.
Tus tswv yuav tau siv cov flux tshwj xeeb. Yog tias siv cov tin-lead solder, muaj kev pheej hmoo tias qhov sib koom ua ke yuav muaj zog txhua yam. Tsis zoo li tooj liab soldering, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub zog taw qhia yuav ua tau ib tug thiab ib nrab zaus qis dua. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog evaporating zinc. Kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev rau soldering bronze qhov chaw yuav nyob ntawm seb nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Bronze nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm tin thiab npib tsib xee yuav tsum tau soldered siv tin-lead solders. Bronze uas muaj txhuas thiab beryllium yog zoo tshaj plaws koom nrog tshwj xeeb solders thiab fluxes.
About fluxes
Lawv txoj haujlwm yog tshem tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau sib txuas thiab tiv thaiv nws cov tsos ntxiv. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, rosin yog tsim rau cov khoom siv tooj liab. Qhov xwm txheej txawv nrog tooj dag. Yuav ua li cas solder no alloy? Yuav xaiv dab tsi flux? Cov lus nug no feem ntau nug los ntawm cov pib tshiab. Cov kws tshaj lij craftsmen qhia txog kev siv "ntaus" flux dua li rosin. Txij li cov hlau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov tooj dag, cov fluxes nrog cov khoom sib txawv yuav tsum tau muab coj los siv rau kev sib tw. Flux yog tsim los ua haujlwm nrog ntau hom tooj dag L63 thiab LS59,muaj zinc chloride thiab boric acid. Rau LKS80 nrog txhuas thiab silicon, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog borax-based flux uas muaj boron, potassium thiab fluorine. Nyob rau hauv lub rhawv ntawm cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb muaj cov khoom npaj ua tiav. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov fluxes PV-209, PV-209X thiab Bura. Yog tias koj xav txuag nyiaj, koj tuaj yeem ua flux hauv tsev.
About artisanal flux
Raws li ntau tus neeg siv kev tshuaj xyuas, cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog ntau hom tooj dag. Ua noj ib qho flux tsis nyuaj heev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau noj 20 g ntawm borax hmoov thiab sib tov nrog boric acid, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 20 g. Cov qhuav muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom yog sib tov meej. Tom qab ntawd qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau ntim nrog dej (200 ml). Ua ntej siv, qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau boiled thiab txias.
About solder
Cov hlau molten no yog soldered. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev ua kua, nws nkag mus rau hauv cov hlau soldered, thiab ces txias, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev sib txuas tshwm sim. Lub melting point ntawm lub solder yuav tsum tau qis dua lub melting point ntawm cov hlau lawv tus kheej. Rau cov neeg uas xav paub seb puas muaj peev xwm solder tooj dag nrog tin, tej craftsmen pom zoo kom siv solder nrog zoo adhesion. Pa alloys uas muaj tin thiab txhuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas siab mechanical zog tsis tas yuav tsum tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, solder yog tsim nyog thaum qhov kev sib koom ua ke tsis tseem ceeb.
About solder formulations
Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv yog nyob ntawm hom tooj dag. Silver soldersPSR12-PSr72, tooj dag PMTs36-PMTs54 thiab tooj liab-phosphorus raug pom zoo rau tooj dag nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tooj liab hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yog tias muaj zinc ntau dua hauv cov hlau, ces koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog cov nyiaj solders ntawm PSr40 tsis qis dua. Nrog phosphorus tebchaw, tsis ruaj tsis khov phosphorus zinc tebchaw yog tsim, uas txo cov neeg kho tshuab lub zog ntawm kev sib koom ua ke. Rau qhov chaw uas tsis raug kev poob siab thiab kev vibration thaum lawv ua haujlwm, MOC tooj dag solders yog tsim nyog. Nco ntsoov tias tooj dag tuaj yeem yaj tau yooj yim, yog li cov neeg siv khoom siv nyiaj thiab phosphorous solders yuav tsum txo lub sijhawm cua sov thiab soldering.
Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog qhov chaw ruaj khov (radiators thiab kav dej), cov kws ua haujlwm paub txog pom zoo kom siv cov tawv tawv tshwj xeeb nrog cov txheej txheem nyuaj. Raws li ntau tus neeg siv kev txheeb xyuas, L-CuP6, uas yaj ntawm qhov kub ntawm 730 degrees, yog qhov nrov heev. Koj tseem tuaj yeem npaj cov solder hauv tsev.
Yuav ua li cas
Rau cov tooj dag, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los siv cov nyiaj solder. Nws yog ntshaw tias qhov chaw ntawm melting yog ib tug tshwj xeeb crucible yoog rau qhov tseem ceeb thermal teebmeem. Raws li cov khoom siv rau crucibles, hu rau cov ntsiab lus carbon rau lub trolleybus tuaj yeem siv. Nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev rhuab, lawv tsis muaj nuj nqis, thiab ib tug craftsman nyob rau hauv tsev tuaj yeem hloov lawv rau kev ua solder. Nyob rau hauv cov khoom no yuav tsum tau ua ib tug recess ntawm 20 x 20 mm. Tom ntej no, yuav tsum tau ua ib tug groove rau nws. Nws yuav yooj yim dua rau tshem tawm cov solder yog tias nws qhov dav yog 0.5 cm.
Solder yog tsim los ntawm nyiaj thiab tooj liab (2: 1). Tom qab noj cov hlau xav tau, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub crucible. Lawv cov kev kho cua sov yog ua los ntawm cov roj burner. Qee tus kws tsim khoom ua ntej tsoo cov khoom siv. Hauv qhov no, txheej txheem melting yog ntau yooj yim. Tom ntej no, ib tug hlau los yog ceramic (porcelain) pas nrig yog ntxiv rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Koj tuaj yeem ua tooj dag thaum lub tsev muag khoom tau ua tiav lawm.
Yuav ua li cas solder nrog roj burner
Yuav ua li cas rau tooj dag? Cov txheej txheem yog raws li nram no:
- Ua ntej pib txheej txheem, koj yuav tsum ua kom sov cov hlau. Txoj haujlwm no yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia siv lub phaj asbestos.
- Qhov yuav tsum tau soldered yuav tsum ua raws li ib leeg.
- Qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw soldering yuav tsum tau muab so kom huv si nrog flux.
- Txiav cov nyiaj solder. Thaum kawg, nws yuav tsum yog shaving uas yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv qhov sib txuas ntawm cov hlau.
- Kho cov nplaim taws hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau teeb tsa cov hlau nplaum rau cov hlau, qhov sib txuas yog thawj zaug ua kom sov nrog hluav taws tsis muaj zog.
- Teem lub roj burner rau 750 degrees rau lub ntsiab cua sov. Ib qho xim liab yuav tsum tsim rau ntawm tooj dag. Solder puv tag nrho qhov khoob, ces nws kis mus rau tag nrho kev sib tshuam.
- Tig lub qhov cub thiab cia cov khoom txias. Cov txheej txheem raug txiav txim siab ua kom raug yog tias tau txais seam uas txawv me ntsis ntawm hlau.
- Yaug cov sib koom ua ke kom tshem tawm cov khoom seemflux.
Yuav ua li cas rau cov tooj dag nrog cov hlau soldering
Txoj kev no yog qhov ntau tshaj vim nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Rau cov neeg uas tsis paub yuav ua li cas rau soldering tooj dag nyob rau hauv tsev, cov kws txawj pom zoo kom ua raws li cov nram qab no algorithm ntawm kev ua:
- Thaum pib, koj yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov khoom kom sib koom ua ke. Hlau nto yuav tsum tsis muaj ntau yam txawv teb chaws deposits thiab paug.
- Muab cov khoom tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb refractory. Koj tuaj yeem ua nws hauv tsev los ntawm txhais tau tias improvised.
- Txhawm rau tshem tawm txhua yam tsis xws luag hauv cov tooj dag, ua cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke nrog flux.
- sprinkle crumbs ntawm shader nyob rau sab saum toj.
- Ua kom sov nrog cov hlau nplaum.
Ntau zaus cov pib pib nug cov lus nug yuav ua li cas txhawm rau tooj liab nrog tooj dag. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia txog kev siv qhov kub thiab txias, uas tuaj yeem muab kev sib txuas zoo. Rau lub hom phiaj no, koj yuav xav tau ib tug soldering hlau, lub hwj chim uas tsis ntau tshaj 100 W, thiab phosphoric acid. Ua ntej ua hauj lwm, qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom yog kom huv si degreased, oxide zaj duab xis raug tshem tawm los ntawm nws. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los koom nrog cov hlau siv POS60 tin-lead solder. Yuav pib soldering tooj dag, lub cuab yeej yuav tsum sov kom zoo.
Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog cov nyiaj solders koj yuav xav tau cov hlau nplaum, lub zog ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 0.5 txog 1 kW. Degreasing yog nqa tawm los ntawm flux - concentrated phosphoric acid. Ib tug flux raws liBoers. Qhov kub ntawm yam tsawg 500 degrees yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub soldering cheeb tsam.
ua haujlwm stainless hlau
Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntau, cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nrog tooj dag. Txij li thaum muaj cov nickel thiab chromium nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm cov hlau alloys tsis tshaj 25%, kev ua haujlwm nrog cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tshua muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg no muab kev sib txuas zoo ntawm stainless hlau qhov chaw nrog lwm cov hlau.
Qhov kev zam yog magnesium thiab txhuas. Yog hais tias ib tug stainless hlau nrog ib tug tseem ceeb nickel ntsiab lus, ces raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm nws cov cua sov mus rau 700 degrees, lub tsim ntawm carbide tebchaw tshwm sim. Qhov ntev ntawm cov cua sov, qhov ntau khaus lawv tsim. Vim li no, soldering yuav tsum tau ua kom sai li sai tau. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov tebchaw no yuav tsawg yog tias titanium ntxiv rau cov hlau thaum lub sij hawm soldering. Raws li kev paub txog craftsmen, koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb nrog riveted stainless hlau. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem tshwm rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv tsim, soldering yog ua tom qab ua ntej annealing ntawm qhov chaw.
Kev nce qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Soldering ntawm stainless hlau yog ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Ua ntej, qhov saum npoo yog ua tib zoo ntxuav nrog cov ntawv xuab zeb lossis cov ntaub ntawv.
- Tom ntej no, qhov taw tes soldering yog kho nrog flux, namely soldering acid.
- Tom qab ntawd cov chaw yuav tsum tau tinned - siv cov txheej nyias nyias uas muaj cov tin thiab txhuas rau ntawm lawv. Nws tshwm sim,tias nws tsis tuaj yeem thov solder thawj zaug. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tau siv txhuam hniav uas muaj cov leeg hlau. Lawv yuav yooj yim dua los tshem cov oxide zaj duab xis uas tiv thaiv tinning.
- Siv cov hlau thiab cov hlau, cov khoom siv.
In xaus
Cov txheej txheem soldering yuav zoo li nyuaj thaum xub thawj siab ib muag. Yuav tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias koj paub siv thev naus laus zis thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv tau zoo.
