Tom qab kawm txog kev cog qoob loo, txiv neej pib sim txhim kho lawv, khaws cia thiab tsim cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws. Txawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, muaj ntau yam hom qoob mog, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag. Nov yog qhov kev tshawb fawb txog kev yug me nyuam tshiab ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag - xaiv.
Kev cais ntau yam los ntawm keeb kwm
Variety - yog dab tsi? Ntau yam yog ib pab pawg ruaj khov ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov noob caj noob ces nyob rau hauv pawg no. Txhua hom nroj tsuag txawv los ntawm cov txheej txheem morphological, lom neeg, kev lag luam uas txiav txim siab nws cov yam ntxwv. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm ntau yam suav nrog ntau yam nta. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ua tim khawv rau cov khoom siv los tsim nws. Muaj ntau hom kev cog qoob loo thiab cov nroj tsuag qus, uas yog cov qauv zoo raug xaiv rau kev xaiv. Raws li txoj cai no, xws li lub tswv yim capacious li ntau yam yog muab faib ua ob hom. Dab tsi yog nws ntau yam - hauv qab no.
1. Hauv zos - tau los ntawm kev xaiv ntau xyoo los ntawm cov pej xeem hauv ib cheeb tsam. Lawv yoog tau zoo rau cov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam.
2. Kev yug me nyuam - tsim los ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab, nyob ntawm txoj kev yug me nyuam, tig mus, muab faib ua ob peb pawg:
- ntau yam-kab yog tau los ntawm ib tus neeg xaiv cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm ib tus kheej-pollinating qoob loo, vim tias lawv muaj qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom, tab sis dhau sijhawm, vim kev hloov pauv, lawv poob qhov sib xws;
- Cov pejxeem cultivars feem ntau yog cov hauv zos cultivars tsim los ntawm huab hwm coj cross-pollination qoob loo yug me nyuam, uas ib txhij tshwm sim ntuj hybridization nrog rau lwm yam nroj tsuag;
- clone ntau yam yog cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib qho kab lis kev cai vegetatively propagated thiab muaj kev sib xws thiab ruaj khov;
- hybrid ntau yam yog tsim los ntawm kev hla cov qoob loo nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm ntau tiam neeg, xaiv cov nroj tsuag nrog cov khoom xav tau.
Biological signs
Ntau yam. Nws txhais li cas raws li nram no economic thiab lom yam ntxwv?
1. Resistance to adverse natural yam:
- lub caij ntuj no-hnyav - cov qoob loo tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, haum rau loj hlob hauv thaj chaw nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb, nyob ntawm ntau yam;
- drought-tolerant - muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov tsis muaj dej noo nrog qhov poob qis tsawg.
2. Lub sij hawm ntawm lub caij loj hlob yog lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm uas cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum mus rau tag nrho cov voj voog ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Nws nyob ntawm hom qoob loo, ntau yam, thermophilicity lossis txias tsis kam, thiab lwm yam.yam. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog kev ua liaj ua teb uas tsim nyog rau qhov raug zoning ntawm cov qoob loo.
3. Productivity yog txiav txim los ntawm cov khoom ntawm productivity, uas yog, qhov nruab nrab yield ntawm ib tsob nroj, thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam. Rau perennial woody nroj tsuag, nws yog kwv yees twb nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, feem ntau nyob rau hauv kilograms ib tsob ntoo.
4. Self-fertility characterizes lub peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag los tsim zes qe menyuam thaum nws tus kheej-pollination. Yog tias qhov ntsuas no qis lossis sib npaug rau xoom, ces yuav tsum muaj cov nroj tsuag nyob ze uas yuav dhau los ua pollinator rau nws.
5. Saj qualities txawv nyob ntawm seb cov ntsiab lus ntawm acids thiab qab zib nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries.
6. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tau txais cov khoom lag luam zoo ib puag ncig, txij li kev kho mob nrog tshuaj tua kab ua rau lawv tsub zuj zuj hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab ib puag ncig. Qhov kev taw qhia no hauv kev yug me nyuam tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, vim tias muaj peev xwm hloov pauv thiab muaj peev xwm rov tsim dua hauv cov kab tsuag thiab cov kab mob pathogenic siab heev.
7. Lub peev xwm ntawm kev tua rau hauv paus yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau Berry bushes.
Tus yam ntxwv sab nraud
Ntau yam sib txawv hauv cov yam ntxwv morphological:
- paj xim;
- puab thiab jagged ntug ntawm nplooj;
- cog qhov siab;
- rau qos yaj ywm - xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov duab ntawm tubers.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, ntau yam tshiab poobCov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv kev ua liaj ua teb qhov chaw xav tau ntau dua ntawm cov qoob loo tsim tawm, yog li txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim thiab txhim kho ntau yam yuav tsum nyob ruaj khov.
xov xwm tshiab
Yog li, muaj ntau yam tshiab. Dab tsi yog kev tiv thaiv kev cai lij choj ntawm International Union rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Nroj Tsuag? Nws yog muab los tiv thaiv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg yug tsiaj thiab muaj peev xwm rov qab tau cov nyiaj siv los ntawm lawv. Yuav kom tau txais kev tiv thaiv kev cai lij choj, ntau yam no yuav tsum xeem dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas uas suav nrog peb tus yam ntxwv.
1. Cov txheej txheem rau qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam yog ib daim duab, nws cov lus piav qhia yuav tsum meej meej txawv ntawm lwm tus paub tam sim no.
2. Cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv - cov nroj tsuag uas tau thov ntau yam yuav tsum tsis tu ncua raws li txoj kev nthuav tawm.
3. Cov qauv kev ruaj ntseg - tag nrho cov cim thiab cov khoom yuav tsum nyob twj ywm tib yam tom qab rov ua dua tshiab.
Tom qab cov nroj tsuag tshiab dhau tag nrho cov kev sim hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, nws tau muab ntau lub npe thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub xeev cov npe ntawm kev ua tiav kev yug me nyuam.
Kev tsim ntau yam tshiab muab rau tib neeg nrog cov qoob loo tsim tau ntau dua uas tiv taus ntau yam tsis zoo ib puag ncig. Lub neej ua rau muaj ntau yam kev xav tau tshiab rau cov qoob loo, yog li tam sim no cov txheej txheem tau tsim los txhawm rau txhawm rau xaiv, uas yav tom ntej yuav txo lub sijhawm rau kev yug me nyuam cov nroj tsuag tshiab.
