Muaj peb txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tus txiv neej lub neej. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog tsim ib lub tsev. Qhov tsab xov xwm no yuav qhia nyob rau hauv kom meej cov txheej txheem ntawm high-zoo phased kev tsim kho ntawm ib lub tsev cib ntawm nws qhov chaw. Ua tsaug rau cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm txhua qhov haujlwm, tus tsim yuav ua tiav txoj haujlwm tiav.
Tsim lub tsev yav tom ntej
Thaum txiav txim siab los tsim lub tsev cib, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau siv koj lub sijhawm los xav txog txhua yam kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig uas koj xav tau thaum kawg. Tom qab tag nrho, cov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau daws nrog tsis tshua muaj.
Ua ntej, npaj qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev yuav nyob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog qhov kev pom tsis yog ntawm lub tsev nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj ntawm tag nrho cov tsev nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam. Yog hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas tsis sib xws, cov kws txawj pom zoo kom pre-ntev ib tug kua system. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua qhov no ua ntej tso lub hauv paus, raws li cov kav dej tau khawb rau qhov tob ntawm tsawg kawg yog 5 m.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav tsum pib tsim lub phiaj xwm phiaj xwm. Koj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej lossis siv cov phiaj xwm npaj ua tiav ntawm cov tsev cib. NtawmThaum tsim ib txoj kev npaj, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xav txog:
- Yuav ua cas lub tsev loj.
- Lub tsev yuav muaj pes tsawg chav.
- Qhov twg thiab muaj pes tsawg qhov rais yuav tsum - nws yog qhov tsim nyog muab tso rau sab hnub ci.
- Qhov chaw ntawm cov kav dej phwj thiab cua sov.
Cov Lus Cim Tseem Ceeb
Thaum npaj cov dej phwj tuaj, nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum tau tso dej tawm ib ntus. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum hu rau cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau kom lub tshuab zoo li no mus txog qhov dej ntws, tso ze ntawm lub laj kab lossis tom qab nws.
Rau qhov kev tsim kho chav boiler, sab ntawm lub façade zoo dua kom nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los nqa cov kav dej thiab dej hauv tsev. Thaum xaiv qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev cib, xav txog qhov loj ntawm thaj av ntawm koj qhov chaw pov tseg. Yog tias nws qhov loj me me me, saib xyuas qhov chaw cog lus ntawm nws:
- vaj thiab tawm tsev;
- chaw nres tsheb rau koj lub tsheb;
- ncig tsheb hauv vaj thiab mus rau vaj.
Tau tsim lub tsev cib, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov project npaj, uas yooj yim rau kev txiav txim los ntawm lub koom haum muaj peev xwm.
Thaum cov txheej txheem npaj ua tiav, nws yog lub sijhawm los ua. Peb nqa tawm lub cim thiab sau lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev cib ib txwm pib nrog kev tsim ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso lub hauv paus muaj zog yuav tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog nyob ntawm nws uas cov phab ntsa yuav tuav. Yog kev tsim kho hauv qab dausthaj chaw tsis suav nrog koj cov phiaj xwm, kev xaiv lub hauv paus sawb yuav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau lub tsev cib ib-zaj, tsis hais nws loj npaum li cas.
Yog lub tsev tsis yog ib-zaj dab neeg, saib xyuas kev tsim cov peev txheej. Qhov no yog twb coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum pouring lub hauv paus, raws li zoo raws li lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa. Rau cov xwm txheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev nyab xeeb, lub hauv paus yog poured mus rau ib tug tob ntawm 1.5-2 m. Qhov no yog vim av khov.
Kev tsim kho ntawm ib-zaj dab neeg cib tsev yuav txuag tau ntawm cov thickness ntawm sab hauv partitions, ua rau lawv sib zog. Rau qhov no, kev siv cov tuav yog xyaum. Nws tsis tas yuav nchuav lub hauv paus rau cov khoom siv zoo li no.
kos lub phab ntsa
Kom cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev cib yav tom ntej koj yuav xav tau ib txoj hlua. Peb ncab nws ntawm cov rods hlau, kos ib daim duab plaub. Qhov no yog qhov qauv ntawm lub tsev. Raws li cov cim, peb khawb ib lub trench thiab sau lub hauv paus:
- Y Nyob rau hauv ib lub trench khawb rau qhov tob uas yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv ib txheej dej los yog cov xuab zeb zeb, lub thickness ntawm 2 mus rau 3 cm. trench. Nws lub luag haujlwm yog txhawm rau txhim kho lub hauv paus.
- Peb txhawb lub hauv paus nrog cov hlua khi. Peb tsim ib tug ncej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob skimp ntawm rebar los ntawm kev ua kom koj muaj txaus.
- Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub pob zeb sib tov, qhov tsim nyog ntim ntawm cov qhob tov yog npaj kom ua tiav lub hauv paus nrog nws. Daim ntawv qhia mortar yog raws li nram no: 1 thoob ntawm M500 cement, 2 thoob xuab zeb, 3 thoob pob zeb crushed. Peb yuav sau lub trench nrog xws li ib tug tov. Thaum twgtsis muaj lub pob zeb sib tov, koj tuaj yeem nqa cov tshuaj npaj tau. Nws yog siv los ntawm kev tsim kho cov koom haum nrog kev xa mus rau qhov chaw. Yog li, tsis muaj kev siv zog ntau, nws yuav muaj peev xwm nchuav lub hauv paus thaum nruab hnub.
- Rau lub zog ntau dua thiab ruaj khov ntawm lub hauv paus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los cog cov pob zeb ua ke nrog lub vibrator. Tom qab ntawd tag nrho cov kab nrib pleb yuav tau ntim nrog ib qho sib tov, thiab lub hauv paus yuav txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov. Thaum tsis muaj lub vibrator, tsuas yog tho qhov kev daws nrog lub rebar. Qhov no yuav tso cua ntau dhau los ntawm qhov sib tov, sau qhov khoob ntawm pob zeb thiab xuab zeb.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tos kom cov tshuaj kom qhuav tag. Yog tias lub sijhawm tso cai, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tso lub hauv paus rau 1 xyoos. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws yuav maj mam harden. Nws dhau los ua 90% muaj zog ib hlis tom qab nchuav. Nws tsis pom zoo kom pib ua cov phab ntsa ua ntej. Nyob rau hauv cov dej ntub dej, koj yuav tsum tau tos ntev dua kom cov cement tuaj yeem tawv ntau li ntau tau.
- txhawm rau kom theem ntawm lub hauv paus nce siab tshaj hauv av, rau nws kev tsim kho, formwork yog tsim los ntawm cov laug cam. Qee zaum kev tsim kho plinth yog xyaum. Ua li no, koj xav tau ib lub cib silicate.
phab ntsa
Thaum lub hauv paus tau daws, tau txais lub zog, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nteg ib txheej ntawm waterproofing rau nws siv ib tug dov ru tsev ntaub nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter ntawm lub hauv paus. Thaum peb ncav cuag lub ces kaum, peb nteg cov khoom vov tsev nrog ib qho sib tshooj. Txuas ntxiv kev tsim lub tsev cib nrog peb tus kheej tes, peb pib tso cov phab ntsa. Vim lub peculiarities ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev nyab xeeb, uas yuav ua tau hnyav heev nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, nws yog ib txwm coj mus rau nteg lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa nyob rau hauv 2 bricks nyob rau hauv ntev.
Qee zaum1.5 bricks raug tso cai yog tias cov peev nyiaj tsawg. Tab sis qhov no, lub tsev yuav tsis tiv thaiv kom txias.
Npaj cov khoom tsim nyog
Kev tsim vaj tsev yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tsim kho xws li:
- trowel;
- theem tsev, qhov ntev ntawm 0.5 m;
- dej lossis laser qib txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov ces kaum thiab kab pheeb ces kaum hauv tsev;
- qaum mus rau qhov siab ntawm kab cib;
- rauj;
- kawm kho lub cib;
- plumb kab rau kev tswj hwm qib ntawm phab ntsa thiab cov ces kaum ntsug,
- cib sib koom ua ke, rau kev ntsib cov cib sab nraud;
- ib lub pob zeb thiab cov thoob los npaj cov cement mortar hauv lawv.
Secrets of experienced builders
Cov kws tshaj lij paub qee qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua cov pob zeb ua kom zoo. Tam sim no koj yuav paub lawv thiab. Cov neeg tsim khoom ntxiv cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau lossis tshuaj ntxuav tes hauv me me. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov tshuaj yuav dhau los ua elastic, thiab nws yuav tsis tawv sai sai. Masters hais tias tso cib rau ntawm lub mortar siv sij hawm tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, cov phab ntsa yuav loj tuaj.
Txoj phab ntsa kuj yuav tsum muaj kev paub los ntawm tus tswv:
- Koj yuav tsum pib ntawm lub ces kaum.
- Muab thawj kab ntawm cib rau ntawm mortar nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum siv hydraulic los yog laser qib.
- rub txoj hlua ntawm kaum mus rau kaum rau saum lub cib.
- Kho kho masonrysiv rauj thiab qib.
- Kev siv tshuaj khib yuav tsum tsis txhob yig, siv lub trowel los tshem tawm cov seem.
- Yuav tsum muaj 1-1.2 cm tuab seam ntawm cov cib.
- Txoj kev sib koom ua ke yog siv los ntsib cov cib. Nws yog ua los ntawm mortar ntub.
- Cov kab tshiab ntawm cov cib yuav tsum tau kuaj ntsug thiab kab rov tav, tsis txhob hnov qab qhib qhov rais.
- Kev tso cov kab kawg ntawm cov cib yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb thiab txawm tias lub ru tsev nteg tau zoo nkauj.
Txoj ru tsev
Ua ntej thaiv lub tsev tsim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab cov phab ntsa waterproofing. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj xav tau yob cov khoom siv vov tsev. Tom ntej no, ib txheej ntawm Mauerlat yog tsim los ntawm ib tug nqaj 50 los ntawm 100-150 mm tuab. Dowels yog siv los kho nws.
ru tsev tuaj yeem muaj ntau hom:
- ib nqes hav;
- gable;
- plaub nqes;
- kab tawg;
- attic.
Feem ntau, gable ru tsev yog nyiam. Cov kab teeb yog muab tso rau ntawm Mauerlat ntawm qhov deb ntawm 70 mus rau 90 cm. Cov ntsia hlau los yog tus kheej tapping screws thiab ib lub kaum hlau 100 x 100 mm yog siv los kho cov kab teeb. Koj yuav tsum tau txuas lub truss system.
Pib los ntawm sab xub ntiag. Ib txoj hlua-theem yog siv los teeb tsa cov rafters. Ces lub tsev yuav symmetrical.
Yam yuav tsum xav
Roof txoj kab nqes yuav tsum yog 45º. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov ntev ntawm lub ru tsev ncej yog 30 - 40 cm ntev dua cov phab ntsa, qhov no yuav pab tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm dej, uas yuavkhiav tawm ntawm lub ru tsev. Ib txheej ntawm waterproofing kuj tau nteg rau ntawm tus ncej. Sheathing ntawm lub thav duab tiav yog nqa tawm nrog plank waterproofing. Lub thickness ntawm cov boards yuav tsum yog 25 hli. Txhawm rau ntsia hlau, koj yuav xav tau cov ntsia hlau, qhov ntev ntawm 80 - 90 hli. Raws li cov khoom siv vov tsev, ib txheej yog siv:
- slate;
- Ondulina;
- ru tsev mos;
- metal profile;
- vuas hlau.
Lub tsev cib zoo tshaj plaws yog tsim los ntawm cov vuas hlau vov tsev. Cov ntawv zoo li no tau muab tso rau hauv qab. Thaum lub ru tsev yog pw, nws tseem yuav fasten lub skate. Rau kev xaws nrog pediment, cov boards zoo tib yam los yog brickwork yog siv.
Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tsev cib nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev cheeb tsam tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntxhia wool, nteg nyob rau hauv ib txheej tuab ntawm waterproofing. Yog li lub tsev tuaj yeem insulated nrog cov khoom zoo.
Summarize
Kev tsim lub tsev nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xav txog txhua yam kom meej me ntsis. Txoj haujlwm no tsis yooj yim, tab sis nws ua tau heev. Yog li koj tuaj yeem npaj vaj tse raws li koj nyiam.
Cov theem ntawm kev tsim kho yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Planning.
- Pab lub hauv paus.
- Masonry phab ntsa.
- Qhov rai installation.
- ru tsev decking.
Tag nrho cov kauj ruam no yuav tsum tau suav, txhawm rau txiav txim siab yam khoom siv hauv tsev uas koj nyiam siv. Xam qhov kwv yees thiab txiav txim siab. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob txuag ntawm pouring lub hauv paus zoo thiab ruaj khov. Txij li lub durability ntawm tag nrho cov qauv yav tom ntej yuav nyob ntawm qhov no.
Txhua yam piav qhiacov haujlwm uas tau hais hauv tsab xov xwm no yuav pab cov neeg tsim kho tshiab kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm tiav.
