Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua noj thiab cua sov hauv tsev yuav yog qhov cub cib. Nws tso yuav tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem rau tus tswv uas paub txog. Yog tias koj tsis tau ua haujlwm zoo li no ua ntej, ua ntej koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov thev naus laus zis, xaiv cov khoom siv hauv tsev, npaj cov kev daws teeb meem thiab npaj cov kev txiav txim hauv theem. Yog tias koj ua raws li txhua txoj cai, ces tso lub qhov cub cib yuav tsis yooj yim txawm tias tsis muaj kev paub dhau los ntawm bricklayer.
pib tsim yog tsim nyog nrog kev tso lub hauv paus. Txawm tias ib qho qauv me me hauv chav da dej lossis hauv lub tsev hauv lub tebchaws yuav hnyav dua li ib tuj. Koj yuav tsum tau muab nws tsis nyob hauv pem teb, tab sis ntawm koj tus kheej lub hauv paus cais. Nws sab sauv txiav yuav tsum coincide nrog rau theem ntawm subfloor. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them los xyuas kom meej tias lub dav hlau sab saud yog kab rov tav. Qhov no yuav tshem tawm cov skew ntawm kab thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm.
Tso lub qhov cub cib yuav tsum nrog cov dej tsis zoo ntawm lub hauv paus. Ua li no, tom qab nws npaj txhij, nws yog qhov tsim nyognpog qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus nrog ob txheej ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev, siv zaj duab xis los yog parchment. Ib daim ntawv steel thiab ib lub tshav kub insulator yog muab tso rau saum toj kom cov cua sov tsis mus. Cov cib ntawm thawj txheej yog muab tso rau ntawm tag nrho "pie".
Kev xaiv xaiv
Kev tso lub qhov cub kom raug tsuas yog tias koj ua raws li thev naus laus zis. Nws txawv rau cov qauv sib txawv. Ntawm lwm tus, cov poj niam Dutch lossis Swedish yuav tsum txawv. Lawv nrov heev ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Lub Swede yog lub qhov cub cua sov thiab ua noj, tab sis Dutch ib qho khoom siv cua sov. Thawj yog qhov zoo vim tias koj tuaj yeem ua zaub mov rau ntawm nws, siv nws rau cua sov thiab ntxiv rau nws nrog lub qhov cub built-in. Cov qauv zoo li no yog universal.
Tab sis cov kws ntaus hlau nto moo rau lawv cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb, uas tso cai rau cov pa roj txav kom qhov ua tau zoo mus txog 95%. Qhov uas tsis muaj qhov quav thiab kev saib xyuas tsawg kawg nkaus tso cai rau cov neeg tsim hluav taws xob xaiv cov kws ua hlau ntau zaus.
Foundation
Txiav qhov cub hauv tsev txhais tau tias yog lub hauv paus khoom siv. Ib lub qhov dej yog khawb rau nws, qhov tob ntawm qhov yuav nyob ntawm seb hom av, qhov loj ntawm cov qauv, thiab muaj cov dej hauv av. Qhov ntev thiab dav yuav tsum sib haum mus rau qhov ntev ntawm lub cua sov system thiab muaj ib tug tej yam margin ntawm kev ncua deb mus rau lub formwork. Nws yuav tsis xav tau yog tias av hnyav heev.
Ntxiv mus, yog tias tsim nyog, formwork raug teeb tsa, qhov ntev ntawm qhov yuav tsum sib haum mus rau qhov kawg qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv. Tom ntej no, waterproofing yog pw, uas yog txuas nrog plywood nrogstapler. Cov pob zeb lossis pob zeb loj yog nchuav rau hauv qab kom cov slab tsis sag thiab adheres zoo rau hauv av.
Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib nchuav cov pob zeb ua kua. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum nce siab saum npoo av los ntawm rau centimeters. Thaum pouring, xyuas kom meej tias qhov saum npoo txawm siv lub tsev theem. Yog tias tsim nyog, nws yog leveled. Hauv av ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus tuaj yeem ua kab nrog rubble pob zeb lossis cib. Qhov no decorates nws nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev.
Qee zaum, txhawm rau txuag nyiaj, lub hauv paus yog nqa tawm ntawm pawg. Nws txawv ntawm txoj kev tsim kho. Es tsis txhob nchuav, koj tuaj yeem siv cov pob zeb ua tiav tiav. Rau kev daws koj yuav xav tau pob zeb crushed, coarse xuab zeb thiab cement. Yog tias lub hauv paus yog piled, ces cov kav dej asbestos lossis polyethylene yuav tsum tau npaj. Txhawm rau ua tiav cov haujlwm no, koj yuav xav tau lub laum av, shovels thiab bayonet shovels, ib lub sledgehammer rau kev txhim kho pawg, lub thawv rau kev npaj cov tshuaj thiab ntsuas cov cuab yeej.
Npaj cov nplaum
Kev tso cov qhov cub cib feem ntau yog siv tsis yog cov cement mortar, tab sis cov av nplaum-xuab zeb sib tov. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no yuav txawv thaum koj siv ceramic lossis fireclay cib. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, kev daws yuav tsum tau npaj los ntawm fireclay marl lossis kaolin dawb. Minerals muaj siab refractoriness thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus kub tshaj 1500 ˚С. Qhuav masonry mix rau mortar npaj yog yuav los ntawm lub network faib.
Thaum siv cov cib ceramic, nws yuav tsum tau nteg rau ntawm mortar los ntawmav nplaum zoo tib yam, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv koj cheeb tsam. Nws tseem tuaj yeem yuav ntawm lub tsev loj. Ua ntej tso lub qhov cub cib, koj yuav tsum xam seb nws yuav siv li cas. Rau 100 units ntawm cib, kwv yees li 40 kg ntawm av nplaum yuav tsum tau. Koj tseem yuav xav tau xuab zeb.
Qhov feem ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj yog txiav txim los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sim batch. Ua li no, av nplaum yuav tsum tau soaked rau ib hnub nyob rau hauv dej txias. Qhov loj yog muab faib ua tsib ntu, ib lub quarter, ib nrab thiab peb lub hlis twg yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau txhua qhov, nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov xuab zeb. Cov qauv uas tau tshwm sim yuav tsum tau kneaded rau ib homogeneous sib xws thiab sab laug rau plaub teev kom tso dej ntau dhau los tawm.
kauj ruam tom ntej yog pib kuaj cov qauv. Lawv muab dov rau hauv centimeter sausages thiab qhwv ib ncig ntawm tsib-centimeter puag ncig khoom. Yog tias cov kab nrib pleb loj dua 2 hli raug tsim ntawm cov qauv, cov tshuaj tuaj yeem suav hais tias tsis tsim nyog. Yog tias lawv qhov tob tsis tshaj 2 hli, qhov sib xyaw tuaj yeem siv rau kev tso cov khoom ntawm cov qauv uas qhov kub tsis siab tshaj 300 ˚С. Yog hais tias qhov saum npoo ntawm cov qauv tsis tawg los yog muaj ib tug zoo mesh, lub mortar yuav siv tau rau nteg lub qhov cub. Txij li tus nqi ntawm cov xuab zeb yog qis dua tus nqi ntawm cov av nplaum zoo, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas yog los txiav txim siab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov muab tub lim hauv qhov sib tov.
Masonry Technology
Tau tshuaj xyuas thiab kawm txog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov cub masonry, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus, koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm. Yog tias qhov tsim me me, ces nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau cua sov ib chav lossis ib lub vaj me metsev. Hauv qhov no, lub qhov cub yuav muaj thaj tsam ntawm 0.4 m2. Kev tsim kho yuav siv me ntsis cib, yog li qhov hnyav kawg ntawm cov qauv yuav me me.
Txiav yuav tsum pib ntawm thawj kab. Txhawm rau kom tau txais lub dav hlau zoo kawg nkaus kab rov tav, ntxuav roob lossis dej xuab zeb yog nchuav hauv qab lub cib. Qhov no yuav du tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom thickness thiab yuav ua raws li ib tug ntxiv thermal insulator. Thaum tso lub qhov cub Lavxias, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov cib, uas yuav tsum yog los ntawm ob mus rau peb millimeters. Yog lub seam tuab heev, nws yuav crumble.
Rau masonry, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nrog tib qhov ntev, vim tias qhov tsis sib xws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom du los ntawm qhov tuab ntawm mortar. Nyob rau kab thib ob, lub qhov rooj blower yuav tsum tau nruab. Txhawm rau kom them nyiaj rau thermal expansion, cov fittings yog qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter nrog ib tug asbestos qaum. Lub qhov rooj yog tsau nrog steel hlau, uas yog tsau nyob rau hauv lub masonry. Kom nws tsis cuam tshuam, grooves yuav tsum tau txiav nyob rau hauv lub cib nyob rau hauv nws nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug grinder.
Kab thib peb yog nteg tawm ntawm cov cib hluav taws. Cov grate nyob rau theem no yog ntsia tom qab cov av nplaum tau teeb tsa. Masonry nyob rau hauv plaub kab yog nqa tawm ntawm ntug. Yog tias lub grate tsis tuaj yeem haum rau hauv qhov chaw dawb, lub cib raug txiav, thaum tawm ntawm peb millimeters ntawm txhua sab.
Lub tswv yim ntawm qhov cub txhais tau tias muaj lub cib tsis muaj mortar nyob tom qab. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ntxuav cov channel. Ntawm kab thib tsib, lub qhov rooj rau qhov cub yuav tsum tau teeb tsa los ntawm kev sib piv nrog lub tshuab cua. Qhov thib tsib kab muab rau bricklayingtiaj tus. Cov ntsiab lus protruding yuav ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud. Los ntawm lub xya mus rau cuaj kab, lub cib yog tiaj tus. Tom ntej no, nteg lub cam khwb cia hlau hob. Rau kev tso ntawm cib thiab hlau, fiberglass lossis asbestos qaum yuav tsum tau siv. Yog tsis muaj nws, cov pa luam yeeb yuav nkag mus rau hauv chav tsev, thiab cov av nplaum yuav tawg los ntawm qhov thermal expansion ntawm lub qhov cub cam khwb cia hlau.
Peb txheej kawg yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv txoj hauv kev xws li tsim qhov chaw rau lub qhov cub. Nyob rau hauv lub penultimate kab yuav tsum muaj ib tug hlau valve. Cais nws los ntawm lub pob zeb nrog ib txoj hlua asbestos. Tom qab cov masonry qhuav, lub cib tom qab uas tsis muaj mortar raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov channel kom nws thiaj li tshem tau cov khoom khib nyiab. Thaum tso lub qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes ua tiav, lub plinth yuav tsum tau ntsia raws li ib puag ncig ntawm cov qauv kom cov xuab zeb tsis nchuav tawm.
Kev haus luam yeeb
Lub chimney rau lub qhov cub tuaj yeem yog hlau lossis asbestos-cement yeeb nkab, channel uas yog 200 cm2, uas sib haum rau 11.5 cm inch nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm ib ncig seem. Lub sab sauv ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum nce plaub meters saum lub grate combustion chamber. Saum lub ru tsev, cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum protrude ib nrab ib 'meter'. Yog hais tias lub qhov cub pib haus luam yeeb thaum thawj zaug pib, cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tau ncua ntev li 25 cm.
Tsim rau da dej
Ua ntej tso lub qhov cub, cov duab ntawm cov qauv no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thiab kawm zoo. Lawv yuav tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab txog yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum muaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem ceeb heev kom raugkhaws cov khoom. Piv txwv li, av nplaum yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub qhov cub. Nws muaj plasticity siab, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov xuab zeb. Yog tias qhov viscosity tsis siab txaus, ntxiv cov muab tub lim tsawg dua.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias thaum ntub dej, qhov ntim ntawm av nplaum yuav loj dua. Thaum nws qhuav, nws shrinks loj. Yog hais tias lub masonry yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm high humidity los yog nyob rau hauv kub qis dua 0 ˚С, av nplaum yuav o. Qhov no masonry tsis haum.
Thaum npaj ib lub mortar rau nteg lub qhov cub cib, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov av nplaum sib tov yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov yeeb nkab taub hau, nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub hauv paus, nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm qhov cua ducts, nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm chimneys. nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm sab nrauv phab ntsa ntawm lub chimney. Av nplaum kuj yog siv los ua dej tsis zoo. Nws cov txiaj ntsig pab hauv qhov no, vim nws nqus dej ntau dhau. Muaj peb hom av nplaum, cov no yog:
- refractory;
- refractory;
- fusible.
Qhov no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ntej pib tsim kho.
Khoom siv: cib
Tso lub qhov cub hauv da dej yuav siv tau, feem ntau, hlawv liab cib. Cov khoom zoo li no muaj cov npoo du thiab cov phab ntsa, thiab thaum tapping, qhov saum npoo ua rau lub suab nrov. Ib lub cib liab uas tsis tau hlawv, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj lub suab npub. Nws tuaj yeem siv tau thaum tso cov ntu tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv. Hauv kev tsim cov hauv paus, cov xim av tsaus nti hlawv cib yog siv.
Masonry recommendations
Qhov chaw ntawm qhov cub yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kev cai tiv thaiv hluav taws. Los ntawm phab ntsa hauv chav da dej, cov qauv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm 30 cm lossis ntau dua. Qhov kev ncua deb tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev ua cov asbestos board ntawm cov ntoo. Qhov no yuav tshem tawm qhov ua txhaum cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm koj yuav tsum siv cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab zoo. Kev siv cov silicate, hollow thiab slotted bricks yog qhov tsim nyog. Nws yog qhov tsis zoo thiab tsis kub hauv chav, sai sai deteriorating.
Tom qab kev npaj, koj yuav tsum tau npog cov av nplaum-xuab zeb mortar, uas yuav siv rau masonry. Lub cib yuav tsum yog tib qhov loj kom cov seams zoo ib yam. Rau qhov tseeb qhov chaw uas tsis muaj mortar, thawj kab ntawm lub cub tawg yog nteg tawm, tom qab ntawd - thawj kab ntawm lub chimney, thaum kuaj xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm cov qauv.
Step-by-step nteg ntawm lub qhov cub muab rau wetting lub cib nyob rau hauv thawj theem. Siv lub trowel, qhov xav tau ntim ntawm kev daws yog siv rau qhov chaw xav tau tom qab moistening. Lub cib tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw kom txog thaum cov pob qij txha tau sau, qhov sib tov ntau dhau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm tso txheej txheem, nws yog ib ntus yuav tsum tau xyuas cov ces kaum nrog ib tug rail los yog ib tug kav dej kab. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm smoothness ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hauv yog ib qho tseem ceeb - yuav tsum tsis muaj chips thiab mortar residues ntawm lawv qhov chaw. Cov xwm txheej no yuav tsum tau ua.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sau lub hauv paus nrog av nplaum. Tom qab ziab, nws yuav tev tawm thiab txhaws lub chimney. Cov kab tom ntej no yuav tsum tau nteg tawm tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav thawj zaug. Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm lub cub tawg yog ntsia thaum lub sij hawm masonry. Piv txwv li, qhov rooj yog mounted sivannealed 3 mm hlau. Nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub qhov rooj, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib lub foob ntawm asbestos qaum. Qhov no yuav du tawm lub coefficient ntawm expansion ntawm hlau nto. Tom qab ua haujlwm masonry tiav lawm, lub qhov cub tso rau peb hnub.
Scheme
Cov qhov cub ib txwm muaj qhov tsim qauv yooj yim. Tab sis qhov no nws tso cai rau kom ua tiav cov nqi siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tsim khoom. Thaum xav txog cov tswv yim ntawm lub qhov cub, koj yuav pom tau tias lub ntsiab ntawm lub cev yog lub firebox. Cov qhov cub ua noj yog ua tiav los ntawm qhov cub thiab qhov cub. Yog xav tau, koj tuaj yeem nruab lub tank rau cua sov dej.
Tswvyim lossis thee raug thauj mus rau hauv lub qhov cub. Nws tuaj yeem yog ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Thaum txiav txim siab nws qhov loj me, qee yam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account, piv txwv li:
- required peev;
- hom roj siv;
- required ntim.
Yog tias nws tau npaj kom sov nrog hluav taws, ces qhov no ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem muaj qhov siab ntawm 50 mus rau 100 cm. Lub tswv yim ntawm lub qhov cub muab kev tsim kho ntawm lub qhov cub ua los ntawm cov khoom siv refractory. Cov phab ntsa yuav tsum muaj qhov tuab ntawm tsawg kawg yog 0.5 cib. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog lub chimney. Nws yog tsim los tshem tawm cov pa roj nrog cov teeb meem cuam tshuam. Nyob rau theem ntawm nws cov qauv tsim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov qauv tsim muaj ob peb lem thiab khoov li sai tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua qhov no ntsug ntsug.
Bends tuaj yeem ua rau traction kom deteriorate, txo cov cua sov ua haujlwm. Lub tswv yim ntawm lub qhov cub kuj muab rau lub xub ntiag ntawm lub koob yees duab -ash pan. Qhov no yog qhov uas siv roj sau. Nws tseem muab cov khoom cua rau lub firebox. Cov tshauv chamber nyob hauv qab lub grate, nws qhov siab feem ntau yog peb lub cib, nws muaj nws lub qhov rooj.
In xaus
Txhawm rau muab cov cua sov hauv tsev, ua haujlwm masonry yuav tsum tau ua. Tab sis ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txog hom qhov cub thiab tsim lub hauv paus rau nws. Nws yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cuam tshuam. Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov ntaub ntawv thaum ua haujlwm tom qab kev tsim kho lub tsev.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua raws li txoj cai kev nyab xeeb hluav taws thaum tso lub qhov cub cib. Yog li, cov qauv yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ntawm phab ntsa ntawm qhov deb lossis qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nrog cov khoom siv refractory.
