DIY kov hloov: piav qhia, txheej txheem sib dhos, teeb tsa, teeb tsa

Cov txheej txheem:

DIY kov hloov: piav qhia, txheej txheem sib dhos, teeb tsa, teeb tsa
DIY kov hloov: piav qhia, txheej txheem sib dhos, teeb tsa, teeb tsa

Video: DIY kov hloov: piav qhia, txheej txheem sib dhos, teeb tsa, teeb tsa

Video: DIY kov hloov: piav qhia, txheej txheem sib dhos, teeb tsa, teeb tsa
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb hloov pauv hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov tsev nyob, lawv feem ntau ua tsis tiav. Qhov teeb meem no yog vim muaj cov khoom siv txhuam. Niaj hnub no, cov cuab yeej zoo li no tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm kev txhim khu kev qha thiab cov qauv zoo ntawm cov keyboards kov. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev tsim ntawm cov khoom no yog txawv los ntawm lawv cov simplicity thiab affordability. Vim li no, txawm tias tus pib tshiab tuaj yeem ua tus kov nrog lawv tus kheej tes.

Hoobkas qauv
Hoobkas qauv

Tsim

Txhawm rau hloov pauv nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov peculiarity ntawm cov khoom no yog qhov txaus rau cov neeg siv tib yam los kov ib qho chaw sib cuag nrog nws tus ntiv tes, thiab nws yuav tau txais tib yam. tshwm sim thaum ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug standard keyboard unit. Tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cuab yeej txhim kho muaj nws qhov sib txawv. Feem ntau, kev tsim cov cuab yeej sensor yog raws li plaub txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm:

  • hluav taws xob board;
  • tiv thaiv vaj huam sib luag;
  • cas;
  • hu rau sensor-sensor.

Muaj ntau yam qauv uas txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev, kev ntseeg siab, zoo thiab zoo li. Tus tswv tuaj yeem sim tsim qhov hloov pauv nrog lub teeb ci nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes. Muaj cov kev xaiv uas saib xyuas qhov ntsuas kub hauv chav, nrog rau tsa qhov muag tsis pom ntawm qhov rais.

Txheem txheej txheem
Txheem txheej txheem

Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm

Ua ntej koj pib ua qhov hloov pauv nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum xav txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm cascade amplifier uas ua cov teeb liab los ntawm lub ntsiab vaj huam sib luag. Nws yog qhov node uas tsa lub amplitude ntawm cov nthwv dej tuaj mus rau qib uas xav tau. Qhov kev xaiv no muaj feem xyuam rau kev hloov cov khoom me me tam sim no. Cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub muaj nyob rau ntawm tib neeg lub cev yog txaus los qhib lub input transistor. Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau nruab peb lub cascades ib zaug txhawm rau txhawm rau ua tiav qhov xav tau coefficient. Yog hais tias tus tswv xav ua tus kov hloov nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes, ces lub load relay tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub voj voog dav dav (es tsis yog ib qho classic resistor). Cov khoom zoo li no yog cov khoom zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha.

Basic tsim
Basic tsim

txiaj ntsig

Classic thiab taug kev-los ntawm kov keyboards khav theeb ntau yam zoo. Cov tseem ceeb suav nrog:

  • Kev ua haujlwm ntsiag to ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm module, uas yog tsim rau hauv qhov hloov.
  • Practicality ntawm lub teeb hloov hloov qauv.
  • Ua tiav kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom, raws li lub zog tau muab los ntawm kev sib cais galvanic.
  • zoo li niaj hnub uas yuav haum rau txhua qhov décor.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom lag luam siab tuaj yeem kov txawm tias ob txhais tes ntub, uas tsis pom zoo rau cov khoom siv keyboard. Kev teeb tsa lub kov hloov pauv tsis yog txheej txheem nyuaj, ua tsaug uas tus tswv tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txheej txheem nrog cov chaw taws teeb tswj.

Thawj lub tswv yim rau beginners
Thawj lub tswv yim rau beginners

functionality

Teeb tsa tus kov hloov pauv tau pom zoo nrog qhov tseeb tias lwm qhov tseem ceeb tau ntxiv rau hauv lub cuab yeej - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Vim li no, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov hloov pauv programmatically. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem teem sijhawm rau thiab tawm ntawm nws tus kheej. Optionally, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv ib qho acoustic sensor rau lub cuab yeej. Hauv qhov no, chav tsev yuav ua haujlwm raws li hom suab nrov thiab kev tswj cov lus tsa suab. Tus neeg siv tsuas yog xav tau lub suab lossis npuaj tes nrov nrov, thiab lub teeb hauv chav yuav teeb. Yog tias koj xav tau kho qhov ci ci, ces koj yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub dimmer. Vim qhov no, nws yuav muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev siv ntawm lub teeb flux. Tom qab kawm txog cov txheej txheem yooj yim, koj tuaj yeem paub seb yuav ua li cas hloov pauv yam tsis muaj kev nqis peev nyiaj txiag ntxiv.

thawj hloov
thawj hloov

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem

Yuav kom txuas tus kov kov kom zoo, koj yuav tsum paub tias txhua qhov ntawm lub luag haujlwm yog dab tsi. Cov cuab yeej classic ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no:

  • Lub teeb liab tsis muaj zog yog tsim los ntawm lub ntsiab lus rhiab, uas yog pub rau cov tswv yim ntawm microcircuit ntsia. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov ntaub ntawv yoj tawm tau nthuav dav mus rau qhov xav tau, tom qab ntawd nws tau pub los ntawm transistor mus rau kev tswj electrode ntawm triac. Txhua qhov kev tswj hwm tau ua tiav hauv qhov sib cais thib ob.
  • Lub sijhawm qhib ntawm cov zis tswj tau hloov kho nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm transistor ntawm.
  • Yog tias tus neeg siv khaws nws cov ntiv tes ntawm qhov hloov mus ntev, ces qhov tam sim no hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav nce sai. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub teeb pom kev hauv chav yuav nce ntxiv.
  • Txhawm rau tua lub teeb, koj yuav tsum khaws koj cov ntiv tes ntawm lub sensor thiab tom qab ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub teeb flux.

Yog tias tus pib xav nkag siab tias lub sensor ua haujlwm li cas, ces nws yuav tsum tau kawm txog lub voj voog classic ntawm chav tsev kom ntxaws. Koj tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv tooj liab zoo tib yam los ua koj tus kheej rhiab ncoo.

Txoj cai sib txuas

Qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov kov hloov pauv sib haum rau cov txheej txheem classical, uas yog tsim los rau cov khoom siv keyboard. Yuav luag ib txwm muaj ob lub davhlau ya nyob twg hu rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag nram qab: hauv qab thauj khoom thiab kev tawm tswv yim. High-quality switching nyob rau hauv cov khoom Circuit Court yog nqa tawm raws theem kab. Ib tug neeg xyuas pib yog siv rau lub tswv yim, thiab qhov hluav taws xob rau lub load raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov tso zis. Qee qhov xwm txheej, tus qauv tsim yuav muaj ntau qhov kev ywj pheej. Vim li no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov terminals rau kev sib txuas yog nce. Tsis yogtsis meej pem, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem classical. Tus tsim ntawm qhov hloov yog ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws yog dawb do tso rau hauv ib txwm sockets. Lub chassis yog tsau nrog cov ntsia hlau muaj zog.

Hloov ob lub transistors
Hloov ob lub transistors

khoom siv hauv tsev

Thaum tus tswv tau kawm txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv, nws tuaj yeem sim ua lub cuab yeej nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav txuag tau ib tug zoo nkauj tus nqi, txij li thaum lub tiav lawm ntaus ntawv nqi tsawg kawg yog 2 txhiab rubles. Yog tias tus tswv muaj kev txawj tsawg tsawg hauv kev siv hluav taws xob engineering, ces nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau nws los tsim ib qho kev hloov pauv. Qhov tseem ceeb yog npaj tag nrho cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom tsim nyog ua ntej.

Kov hloov ntawm ob lub transistors
Kov hloov ntawm ob lub transistors

Elementary version ntawm relays thiab transistors

Txoj kev no tuaj yeem ua tiav txawm tias tus pib tshiab. Tus tswv tuaj yeem thov yuav luag txhua qhov relay. Qhov kev xav tau tseem ceeb yog qhov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 5 thiab 12 volts. Chav tsev yuav tsum hloov lub load nyob rau hauv 220 V network. Qhov kov hloov yog ua los ntawm kev ua tib zoo txiav tawm ib daim ntawv getinaks foil. Transistors tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm txhua yam. Cov kws tshaj lij nco ntsoov tias qhov Circuit Court no yog sawv cev los ntawm lub teeb liab classic amplifier. Thaum kov lub ntsej muag ntawm lub rhiab sensor, lub peev xwm tshwm sim ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub transistor, uas yog txaus los qhib lub emitter-collector junction. Tom qab ntawd, voltage yog siv rau lub relay kauj. Cov cuab yeej tau tshwm sim, thiab cov pab pawg neeg raug kaw, uas ua rau muaj kev suav nrogteeb.

Image
Image

Siv infrared sensor

Lub caij no tuaj yeem siv nyab xeeb los ua kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb. Raws li cov tswv yim, tus tswv tseem tuaj yeem siv cov tshuab hluav taws xob pheej yig. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov degree ntawm complexity ntawm qhov kev xaiv no yog tsim los rau cov kws txawj tej yam kev mob. Raws li lub hauv paus, koj yuav tsum siv ob lub microcircuits, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

  • photodetector;
  • tsis tu ncua LED;
  • relay;
  • YInfrared LED.

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob mem tes yuav pab sib sau ua ke inverter nti. Yog tias ib qho khoom siv lom neeg tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev ua ntawm infrared LED, ib khub ntawm infrared LED thiab photodetector tam sim ntawd hluav taws. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm classic transistor, lub teeb liab tswj tau tsim, uas tig rau ntawm relay. Yog tias tsis muaj kev txav mus los hauv cheeb tsam sensor, tom qab 20 feeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj zog, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav suav qee tus lej ntawm cov pulses los ntawm flashing LED, uas txaus los tua cov relay. Lub teeb yuav tawm mus. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lub sijhawm tos yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Tsib universality

Rau feem ntau, kov hloov circuits yog qhov yooj yim thiab pheej yig. Nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm xov tooj cua amateurs, microcircuits yog qhov txuas tseem ceeb hauv ib lub cuab yeej uas koj tuaj yeem sib sau nrog koj tus kheej tes. Lub xeev trigger tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm kev siv lub teeb liab tswj rau nws cov zis. Nws yog cov cuab yeej no uas tau ua tiav siv los siv cov haujlwm hloov pauv. Lub universal tso zis Circuit Court yog tsim nrog ntxiv ntawm ib tug teb nyhuv transistor. Nws yog chav tsev no uas muab siab rhiab heev, thiab kuj zoo cais cov neeg sib cuag. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub sensor tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm lub phaj hlau thiab txuas nrog "tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv teb" cov tswv yim. Vim li no, nws yuav muaj peev xwm lav tau qhov kev nyab xeeb tag nrho ntawm chav tsev rau cov neeg siv kawg hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ua tau hluav taws xob poob. Lub universal transistor tuaj yeem nthuav dav cov teeb liab uas twb muaj lawm los ntawm microcircuit. Lub thyristor plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug multifunctional hloov. Ib lub teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv Circuit Court, uas kuj yuav tsum tau tswj. Lub voj voog ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no:

  1. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tus neeg siv kov lub phaj hlau ntsia (sensor).
  2. Cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub tau pub rau hauv.
  3. Tus FET hloov tus txhais.
  4. Lub teeb liab tso zis tau nthuav dav rau qib uas xav tau.
  5. Lub thyristor qhib.
  6. Lub teeb taws.

Yog tias tus neeg siv rov kov lub sensor nrog nws txhais tes, tom qab ntawd txhua txoj haujlwm yuav rov ua dua, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv hom rov qab hloov. Txhua yam yog yooj yim heev thiab siv tau. Cov tswv yim zoo li no tuaj yeem siv los tswj cov luminaires, qhov twg tag nrho lub zog ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo nyob hauv 80 watts. Yog tias koj xav hloov cov txheej txheem muaj zog dua, ces koj yuav tsum suav nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob cua txias hauv Circuit Court.

Pom zoo: