Ion-exchange resins: daim ntawv thov. Lawv zoo npaum li cas hauv cov dej huv?

2024 Tus sau: Aaron Duncan | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-01 20:09

Ion-exchange resins yog siab-molecular-yuag insoluble tebchaw uas tuaj yeem pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov ions ntawm kev daws. Lawv muaj peb-dimensional gel los yog macroporous qauv. Lawv kuj hu ua ion exchangers.

Ntau yam

Cov resins no yog cation txauv (piv rau hauv cov kua qaub muaj zog thiab tsis muaj zog acid), anion pauv (muaj zog puag, tsis muaj zog puag, nruab nrab thiab sib xyaw puag) thiab bipolar. Cov tshuaj muaj zog acidic yog cov cation exchangers uas tuaj yeem pauv cations tsis hais tus nqi pH. Tab sis cov acids tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm tus nqi tsawg kawg yog xya. Muaj zog anion exchangers feem ntau yuav pauv anions nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm txhua qib ntawm dissociation, ntawm tej pH. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yog tsis muaj weakly yooj yim anion exchangers. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, pH yuav tsum yog 1-6. Hauv lwm lo lus, resins tuaj yeem pauv ions hauv dej, nqus qee qhov, thiab rov qab muab cov uas tau khaws tseg yav dhau los. Thiab txij li H _{2 O yog cov qauv sib xyaw, koj yuav tsum npaj kom raug, xaivtshuaj tiv thaiv.}

Properties

Ion-exchange resins - polyelectrolytes. Lawv tsis yaj. Ib tug multiply charged ion yog immobile vim nws muaj ib tug loj molecular hnyav. Nws tsim lub hauv paus ntawm ion exchanger, yog txuam nrog me me mobile ntsiab uas muaj qhov opposite kos npe rau, thiab, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav pauv lawv nyob rau hauv kev daws.

Production

Yog tias lub polymer uas tsis muaj cov khoom ntawm ion exchanger yog kho tshuaj, ces cov kev hloov yuav tshwm sim - lub regeneration ntawm ion pauv resin. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Nrog kev pab ntawm polymer-analogous transformations, nrog rau polycondensation thiab polymerization, ion exchangers tau txais. Muaj ntsev thiab sib xyaw-ntsev cov ntaub ntawv. Thawj implies sodium thiab chloride, thiab qhov thib ob - sodium-hydrogen, hydroxyl-chloride hom. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, ion exchangers raug tsim. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem lawv hloov mus rau hauv ib tug ua hauj lwm daim ntawv, uas yog hydrogen, hydroxyl, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev ua si, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj, nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam, ntawm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag rau condensate kho.. Ib qho ion pauv resin rau lub txaj txaj sib xyaw kuj siv tau.

Daim ntawv thov

Ion-exchange resin yog siv los ua kom dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib xyaw ua ke kuj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov kua. Hauv qhov no, ion-exchange resins feem ntau siv hauv thermal fais fab engineering. Hauv hydrometallurgy lawv tau siv rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, hauv kev lag luam chemical lawv tau ntxuav thiabcais cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Ionites tuaj yeem ntxuav cov dej khib nyiab, thiab rau cov organic synthesis lawv yog tag nrho cov catalyst. Yog li ntawd, ion pauv resins tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam.

kev tu vaj tse

Scaling tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw hloov hluav taws xob, thiab yog tias nws nce mus txog 1 hli xwb, ces kev siv roj yuav nce 10%. Nws tseem yog kev poob loj. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom siv hnav tawm sai dua. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no, koj yuav tsum npaj kho dej kom zoo. Rau qhov no, siv ion exchange resin lim. Nws yog los ntawm kev ntxuav cov kua uas koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov nplai. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis raws li qhov kub thiab txias, lawv cov kev xaiv ua tsawg dua.

Processing H_2O

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ntxuav dej. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov hlau nplaum thiab ultrasonic ua, lossis koj tuaj yeem rov ua dua nrog cov complexones, complexonates, IOMS-1. Tab sis qhov kev xaiv nrov dua yog pom siv ion pauv. Qhov no yuav ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej hloov pauv. Thaum siv txoj kev no, H_{2O yog yuav luag tag nrho desalinated thiab impurities ploj. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias xws li purification yog heev nyuaj rau ua tiav nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev. Kev kho dej siv ion txauv resins yog nrov heev tsis yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws. Xws li kev ntxuav muaj ntau yam zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li lwm txoj hauv kev. Cov khoom uas raug tshem tawm yuav tsis nyob hauv qab, thiab cov tshuaj reagents tsis tas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tas li. Ua qhov noCov txheej txheem yog yooj yim heev - tus tsim ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej yog tib yam. Yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem siv automation. Tom qab ntxuav, cov khoom yuav khaws cia raws li qhov kub thiab txias.}

Purolite A520E ion txauv resin. Description

Txhawm rau nqus nitrate ions hauv dej, ib qho macroporous resin tau tsim. Nws yog siv los tshem H_{2O nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sib txawv. Purolite A520E ion-exchange resin tshwm tshwj xeeb rau lub hom phiaj no. Nws pab tshem tawm nitrates txawm tias muaj ntau ntawm sulfates. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias piv rau lwm cov ion exchangers, cov resin no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.}

muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm

Purolite A520E muaj kev xaiv siab. Qhov no pab, tsis hais tus nqi ntawm sulfates, kom tshem tawm nitrates zoo. Lwm cov ion pauv resins tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm cov haujlwm no. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm sulfates hauv H_{2O, kev sib pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus txo qis. Tab sis vim qhov kev xaiv ntawm Purolite A520E, qhov kev txo qis no tsis muaj teeb meem tiag tiag. Txawm hais tias qhov sib xyaw ua ke muaj qhov tsawg, piv nrog lwm tus, ua tiav kev sib pauv, cov kua hauv qhov ntau yog ntxuav tau zoo heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yog tias muaj ob peb sulfates, ces ntau yam anion exchangers, ob qho tib si gel thiab macroporous, yuav muaj peev xwm tiv nrog dej kho thiab tshem tawm cov nitrates.}

Npaj ua haujlwm

Rau Purolite A520E Resin ua ntawm 100%, nws yuav tsum tau npaj kom ua tau zooKev tu thiab kev npaj ua haujlwm H₂O rau kev lag luam zaub mov. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv tau raug kho nrog 6% NaCl tov. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ob zaug lub ntim yog siv piv rau tus nqi ntawm cov resin nws tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd, qhov kev sib txuas yog ntxuav nrog dej zaub mov (tus nqi ntawm H_{2O yuav tsum yog 4 zaug ntxiv). Tsuas yog tom qab cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem coj mus ntxuav.}

Zoo kawg

Vim cov khoom uas ion pauv resins muaj, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus tsis yog rau kev ua dej huv xwb, tab sis kuj siv rau kev ua zaub mov, ntau yam dej qab zib thiab lwm yam. Anion exchangers zoo li cov pob me me. Nws yog rau lawv tias calcium thiab magnesium ions stick, thiab lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, muab sodium ions rau hauv dej. Thaum lub sij hawm ntxuav, granules tso tawm cov ntsiab lus adhering. Nco ntsoov tias lub siab yuav poob rau hauv cov ion pauv resin. Qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau cuam tshuam los ntawm lwm yam: kub, kem qhov siab thiab qhov loj me, thiab lawv qhov nrawm. Yog li ntawd, thaum ua tiav, ib qho kev pom zoo ntawm ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Anion exchangers feem ntau yog siv hauv dej purification rau lub thoob dej yug ntses - lawv pab tsim kom muaj cov xwm txheej zoo rau lub neej ntawm cov ntses thiab cov nroj tsuag. Yog li, ion pauv resins yog xav tau nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, txawm nyob hauv tsev, vim lawv tuaj yeem lim dej rau nws siv ntxiv.