Ntau ntawm peb, koom nrog kev tsim kho, ntsib teeb meem ntawm kev xaiv rwb thaiv tsev rau cov tsev. Txog niaj hnub no, kev ua lag luam muaj ntau hom rwb thaiv tsev, uas txawv:
- hauv qhov zoo;
- cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom (natural lossis hluavtaws);
- by nqi;
- raws li kev siv cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev;
- raws li kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev;
- rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab ntau lwm yam ntxwv.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws, uas tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm North America thiab Europe, yog cellulose rwb thaiv tsev, los yog ecowool. Cov neeg siv kev tshuaj xyuas txog nws yog qhov sib txawv, lawv muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
keeb kwm ntawm cellulose rwb thaiv tsev
Thawj qhov kev tsim khoom loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab tau tsim nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees xyoo 1928. Tom qab ntawd, twb nyob rau hauv lub 50s, thaum lub boom nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm thav duab tsev nyob rau hauv North America thiab Europe pib, zus tau tej cov ecowool tau ib tug loj loj teev. Lub teb chaws uas cellulose wool ua lub tshuab cua sov tau txais qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog Canada,Tebchaws Asmeskas, Finland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Austria, thiab dav siv cov khoom siv no, oddly txaus, hauv Nyiv. Cellulose wool nyob rau hauv Russia hu ua "ecowool"
Rau qhov sib piv: hauv Finland, nrog rau lub teb chaws cov pej xeem tsis pub tshaj 5.5 lab tus tib neeg, qhov tsim cov rwb thaiv tsev no yuav luag 25 txhiab tons hauv ib xyoos, uas yog ntau tshaj 1 lab square meters ntawm cov tsev insulated. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm ecowool poob rau ntawm kev sib koom ntawm kev tsim kho ntiag tug, uas yog ntau dua 70%. Feem ntau, cov tsev yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev niaj hnub uas tsuas yog ua raws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li cov ntoo laminated, cov cav ntoo, cov pob zeb ntuj, thiab lwm yam. Cellulose wool ua raws li lub tshuab cua sov sab hauv. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Finland, qhov sib koom ntawm cov chaw ntiav neeg nyob uas yog insulated nrog ecowool yog ntau tshaj 80%. Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv lub tsev rwb thaiv tsev no tau piav qhia los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- nyob rau hauv huab cua ntub thiab huab cua tsis zoo, cov tsev uas muaj cov rwb thaiv tsev ib puag ncig ntev ntev dua li cov khoom hluavtaws;
-txo tus nqi kho thiab tu thaj chaw los hloov cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev;
- xws li lub rhaub ua haujlwm ntawm lub thermos: nws ua kom sov thaum lub caij ntuj no, thiab txias thaum lub caij ntuj sov kub, nws tseem tiv thaiv txhua lub tsev ntawm cov kab mob thiab nas, uas yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Raws li cov lus tseeb saum toj no, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Finland tau txiav txim siab xav kom txhua lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv lub tebchaws yog qhov tseem ceeb lossis ntxivcellulose wool yog siv rau rwb thaiv tsev, txij li thaum, muaj hygroscopicity, nws tuav qhov tsim nyog microclimate rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej pov thawj thiab feem ntau raug cai tiv thaiv keeb kwm vaj tse.
Thiab hauv North America, tshwj xeeb hauv Asmeskas, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev insulated nrog ecowool mus txog yuav luag 340,000 xyoo 2005 ib leeg.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev faib ntawm cellulose wool pib tsuas yog thaum ntxov 90s. Ob qho tag nrho cov tuam txhab tsim ecowool thiab tus naj npawb ntawm nws cov neeg siv khoom yog tsis tu ncua loj hlob exponentially. Vim tias cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem ntseeg tau ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cellulose thiab cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev siv. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov muaj thiab tus nqi qis ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau nws cov khoom.
qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ecowool, txawv nta
Ecowool yog lub tshuab cua sov uas muaj cov txheej txheem capillary-porous xoob. Nws suav nrog:
- cellulose fiber - 81%;
- nplaim hluav taws (rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws) - 12%
- cov khoom tsis-volatile antiseptic (boric acid) - 7%.
Ecowool yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv cellulose siv dua tshiab, uas yog, cov ntawv pov tseg.
Ecowool rwb thaiv tsev muaj xim grey lossis lub teeb grey tint.
Muaj lwm hom cua sov uas zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv, cov no yog:
- wool ntxhia;
- bas alt ntaub plaub;
- iav ntaub plaub;
- Styrofoam.
Tag nrho cov hluavtaws hluavtaws muajphenolic compounds, uas yog tshuaj lom rau tib neeg. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv no tau rhuab mus rau qhov kub ntawm 250 degrees Celsius, lub binder kiag li evaporates los ntawm lawv, uas ua rau siv ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas tsis nqus noo noo nyob rau saum npoo ntawm fibers. Thaum kawg, qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog cov cua sov xws li:
- tsim ntawm condensation ntawm qhov chaw;
- kev tsim tawm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob fungal thiab pwm;
- tsim ntawm "txias seams" hauv cov rwb thaiv tsev.
Qhov zoo ntawm ecowool ua cov khoom siv hygroscopic
Ecowool, tsis zoo li cov khoom siv hluavtaws, vim lub ntuj capillaries ntawm cellulose nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv absorbs noo noo los ntawm yuav luag 14% thiab tib lub sij hawm tsis poob nws zoo, zoo li lwm yam cua sov. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws khaws nws cov khoom zoo hauv lub xeev ntub, zoo li ntoo, uas yog, nws khaws cov cua sov thiab tsis khov. Rau cov neeg uas txiav txim siab insulate chav nrog ecowool, yuav tsis tas yuav siv lub vapor barrier zaj duab xis, vim tsis muaj condensation ntawm qhov chaw.
Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws (mineral, bas alt thiab iav ntaub plaub) muaj cov khoom tsis zoo hauv qab no:
- txav ntawm huab cua thiab ya raws tshwm sim los ntawm lawv cov fibers;
- ya raws tsis nqus los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis accumulates nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm condensate, uas ua phem rau lub tsev ntaub ntawv;
- kom tshem tawm cov dej noo los ntawmrwb thaiv tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim txoj hauv kev rau nws tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv cov membrane vapor-tight films.
Nws kuj yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cellulose wadding, thaum ntub, tsis hloov nws ntim vim capillary qauv ntawm cov fibers. Ntawd yog, thaum lub caij txias, thaum sab nraud qhov kub thiab txias qis dua xoom thiab cov av noo tas li nce, qhov ntim ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab, raws li, cov phab ntsa yuav tsis hloov.
Thaum cov av noo hloov sab nraud, cellulose wadding them nyiaj rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov av noo nyob rau hauv vim qhov hygroscopicity ntawm cov qauv fiber ntau. Qhov no kuj tseem ceeb heev thaum huab cua sab nraud nce ntxiv thaum qhov kub thiab av noo nyob sab hauv tsev. Ua li no, chav tsev yuav tsum sov thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab nyob txias thaum lub caij ntuj sov, tswj kev nyab xeeb rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab, ntawm chav kawm, tib neeg.
Siv ecowool
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm cellulose wadding:
1. Raws li cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev kub:
- rau cov plag tsev ntawm ob sab qis thiab sab sauv hauv kev tsim cov tsev ntiav thiab cov tsev;
- thaum siv los ua cov plastering insulating;
- rau kev ua kom sov lub teeb ncej;
-phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev nrog ecowool (muaj ob peb txheej);
- thaum ua haujlwm rov tsim kho cov tsev qub;
2. Raws li cov khoom siv suab nrov:
- as sound-absorbing plaster;
- hauv qab nthab ntawm cov plag tsev;
- hauv phab ntsa partitions.
Ecowool yog insulated nrog hauv qab daus, vov tsev thiab interfloor pem teb ntawm thaj chaw nyob, kev lag luam, kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb vaj tse thiab cov qauv. Tsuas yog sab hauv masonry yog siv los ua facade rwb thaiv tsev.
Sib piv cov khoom ecowool nrog lwm hom rwb thaiv tsev
Yog tias peb piv ecowool nrog rau lwm lub rhaub, peb tau txais qhov piv txwv hauv qab no.
Ib txheej ntawm ecowool 15 cm sib raug rau:
- ib txheej ntawm 50 cm ntawm ntoo ntoo;
- 46 cm ua npuas ncauj txheej;
- 18 cm txheej ntxhia wool;
- ib txheej ntawm cov av nplaum nthuav dav 90 cm thiab 146 cm - brickwork.
Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo ntawm cov cellulose rwb thaiv tsev li ecowool, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom:
- ntom - 40-75 kg/m3;
- thermal conductivity - 0.036 txog 0.042 W / mK
- huab cua nruj - degree D2 (qis);
- ignition - degree G2 (mob flammable);
- Vapor resistance - 0.3mg/(M x H x Pa);
- sorption humidification - 16% rau lub sijhawm 3 hnub;
- nruab nrab (acid-base balance) - pH=8, 3
Txhim kho cellulose wool
Kev txhim kho yog ua nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm ob txoj hauv kev:
- phau ntawv;
- tsis siv neeg (siv lub tshuab tshuab: qhuavtxoj kev los yog kua nplaum ntub dej).
Hand lay method
Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev uas feem ntau tso ecowool, thaum nws tsis tuaj yeem siv tshuab tshuab tshwj xeeb rau kev siv rwb thaiv tsev. Nrog rau txoj kev no, cov paj rwb ntaub yog thawj loosened nrog ib tug tes cuab tam, raws li nws yog nias thaum ntim rau hauv hnab. Cov paj rwb xoob xoob yog nteg nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau insulated, los yog ecowool rwb thaiv tsev tsuas yog nchuav rau hauv cov kab noj hniav. Cov kev tshuaj xyuas thiab cov lus pom ntawm tus tswv hais tias rau cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa ntawm phau ntawv, ib qho tseem ceeb yog ua raws li cov kev cai rau kev tso cov ntaub plaub kom tau txais qhov xav tau ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. Yog li, raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, tus nqi tso ecowool rau phab ntsa yog li 70 kg ib 1 m 3. Yog ecowool siv rau hauv pem teb, kev noj yuav tsawg dua 2 zaug, uas yog, 35 kg ib m3.
Tsis siv neeg styling method
1. Qhuav mounting txoj kev. Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab ceev tshaj plaws los thov ecowool rau saum npoo, txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no yuav tsum muaj kev paub txog kev tso cov txheej txheem los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb koom nrog hauv nws cov installation. Txhawm rau pib daim ntawv thov qhuav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau npog cov npoo sab hauv ntawm lub thav duab nrog kraft ntawv lossis ntawv siv, yog li tau txais qhov ntim kaw ntawm qhov chaw rau txhaws. Cardboard los yog ntawv yog txuas nrog ib tug stapler los yog siv daim kab xev nplaum, vim nyob rau hauv cov huab cua siab daim ntawv saum npoo yuav tshuab tau los ntawm huab cua siab los yog nyem tawm los ntawm lub ntim ntawm rwb thaiv tsev.
2. Txoj kev ntub dej ntawm daim ntawv thov. Nrog txoj kev no ntawm ecowoolkev daws teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm kev siv dej-nplaum (PVA-dispersion) cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub installation, ecowool yog tshuab mus rau hauv lub yav tas los tsim qhov chaw. Tom qab ntawd cov txheej dhau los raug txiav tawm thiab qhuav nrog rab phom kub. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov pom kev, uas yog, thaj chaw ntawm kev sau cov ncej yog pom.
Tseem muaj cov kev cai ntxiv rau kev thov paj rwb li no:
- ecowool txau hauv chav yuav tsum ua qhov kub tsis qis dua +5 degrees Celsius;
- ua kom tiav ziab yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 2 mus rau 5 hnub, thaum lub ntsuas kub yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov;
- qhov cua yuav tsum tau nruab rau cov vapors ntub los ntawm cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm kev siv ecowool, tshuaj xyuas cov neeg siv khoom
Ecowool yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau chav tsev rwb thaiv tsev. Txij li thaum ecowool (tus nqi qis dua li lwm lub tshuab cua sov) muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, qhov no muab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov kab mob fungal thiab pwm, thiab tseem ua rau cov nas tsuag. Ecowool muaj adhesion zoo:
- rau tsob ntoo;
- to concrete;
- rau cib;
- rau iav thiab hlau.
Tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj ib puag ncig tshuaj lom neeg. Ntawd yog, thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau, pob zeb lossis ntoo, nws yuav tsis ua rau xeb, xeb lossis lwj. Ecowool kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv tiv thaiv hluav taws, thaum tsis tawmQhov kub siab ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv.
Ecowool - qhov tsis zoo
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg siv khoom qee zaum tsis zoo, feem ntau yog vim cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tso cov rwb thaiv tsev yog plua plav heev, thiab rau kev siv nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag thiab ua pa.
- Hom rwb thaiv tsev no muaj qhov ua tau zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo no tshwm sim thaum tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntsug ntawm phab ntsa thiab attics.
- Ecowool muaj qhov ceev tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm cov cua sov, xws li ua kom sov, thiab nws yuav tsis zoo rau kev ua kom sov "ntab" plag tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim nws qhov ntom ntom, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv los thaiv cov plag tsev uas raug rau sab nraud.
- Rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj nrog nws ua tsis tau yog tias tsis siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
- Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv ecowool ua qhov chaw rau plastering phab ntsa.
- Nws muaj qhov siab tshaj hygroscopicity, uas yog, ecowool tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua lub tshuab cua sov hauv qhov chaw uas qhov chaw nyob rau sab nraud (rau rwb thaiv tsev ntawm sab nrauv facades, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ncaj qha. tiv tauj av). Txawm hais tias qhov tsis zoo no tuaj yeem tshem tawm tau yooj yim thaum siv cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj rau kev txhim kho paj rwb.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li thermal rwb thaiv tsev muaj cua permeability tsawg, uas yog qee zaum ua tsis tau rau qee qhovtxhim kho cov qauv - nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas yuav tsum tau muaj qhov cua ntxiv, piv txwv li rau ceilings.
Yog tias peb tham txog qhov teeb meem ntawm dab tsi ecowool muaj qhov tsis zoo, kev tshuaj xyuas txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no tseem tsawg dua li qhov zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no tau hais meej:
- kev teeb tsa tam sim ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev thaum siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob;
- ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg cov khoom uas tsis emit formaldehyde fumes;
- tsis rot, pwm thiab fungal formations, uas ua kom lub neej ntev kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom ecowool (cov neeg tsim khoom lav lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm rwb thaiv tsev mus txog 65 xyoo, uas yog ntev txaus rau lub tsev);
- yog cov khoom siv suab nrov zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau phab ntsa slabs thiab cov phab ntsa sandwich;
- siab tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov txheej txheem convective, thaum huab cua sov hauv qhov rwb thaiv tsev yog hloov los ntawm huab cua txias.
Zoo kawg
Muab cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom uas ecowool muaj, cov lus pom zoo los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom uas tau siv nws, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov khoom siv no tau ntsuas qhov zoo hauv feem ntau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas ecowool nyiam, tag nrho cov no, yog nws tus nqi qis. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws ua pov thawj nws lub npe ntawm ecowool - ecological wool, ib yam khoom uas tsis tshua muaj phenolic tebchaw, tsis zoo li lwm hom kev siv ntaub plaub: bas alt, ntxhia thiab iav ntaub plaub.
