Kev tsim kho ntawm cov chimneys, cov chaw tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, qhov cub thiab lwm yam khoom siv pob zeb ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yuav siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Kev siv cov pob zeb zoo tib yam los yog cov pob zeb silicate hauv cov tsev zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem lees txais, vim tias nws muaj peev xwm ua kom puas tsuaj. Cov kws tshaj lij siv cov cib refractory, uas tau muab tso rau hauv tib lub tshav kub-resistant mortars. Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom yog ua tiav los ntawm kev tua thiab siv cov khoom tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb.
Ntse
Lub cib refractory muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog zoo tib yam lossis silicate pob zeb. Dawb av nplaum yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov khoom thiab hom cib nyob ntawm impurities. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txhua tus muaj ib pawg - refractories, uas yog, muaj peev xwm tswj hwm lawv cov yam ntxwv qub thaum raug kub siab tshaj 1580 degrees.
Lawv feem ntau yog siv hauvkev lag luam, yog li cov kev xav tau siab tau muab tso rau ntawm kev tsim cov refractories. Txij li thaum ib qho kev ua tsis tiav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog fraught nrog kev poob loj, tsis tsuas yog ib ntus, tab sis kuj nyiaj txiag. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, lawv muab kev ruaj ntseg. Refractory cib yog cov khoom siv hluav taws kub.
Cov yam ntxwv dav dav ntawm cov pob zeb hluav taws kub-resistant:
- Tsawg thermal conductivity - muaj peev xwm ua kom sov hauv cov chav thermal.
- Kub ua haujlwm - tuav lub zog ntawm lub cib thaum raug kub siab tshaj 1580 degrees.
- Thermal inertia - lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv refractory kom txias maj mam thiab kub sai sai.
- Lub peev xwm kub yog tus yam ntxwv uas ua kom cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov cua sov los ntawm lub cib kom rov qab los ntxiv.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov roj kub kub, slag, hlau.
- Constancy ntawm ntim, uas yog, tus yam ntxwv ntawm refractory pob zeb kom tsis txhob ntsws los yog loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.5% mus rau 1%.
Daim ntawv thov
Refractory cib, uas nws cov yam ntxwv txawv ntawm cov khoom siv masonry pa, tau pom nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm thermal units. Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam metallurgical, rau melting hlau, npib tsib xee, tooj liab, kub siab tshaj 1500 degrees yog yuav tsum tau, yog li ntawd, furnaces nyob rau hauv xws li ntau lawm yog lined tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog dolomite, dinas, chrome-magnesite cib. Dinas pob zeb yog siv rau arches thiab hauv ob sab phlu ntawm furnaces ua hauj lwm nrog acidic tshuaj. Nws nthuav dav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis magnesite refractoryshrinks, yog li lub koov nrog kev siv tom kawg yuav vau. Ntawd yog, txhua hom ntawm cov cib no muaj cov khoom sib txawv thiab siv.
Hauv kev lag luam tsis yog hlau, pob zeb refractory yog siv los tso cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, lub tsev boiler hauv nroog, coke kilns; glassworks units.
Views
Lub cib refractory tuaj hauv plaub tus qauv. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog tsim los ntawm thee tar nrog ntxiv ntawm coke / anthracite hmoov. Xws li cov khoom yog kub-resistant thiab slag-resistant. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm blast furnaces. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws, lwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau tso tawm. Dinas (quartz) pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm quartz hmoov thiab mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub. Qhov hluav taws kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv no yog 1730 degrees, thiab cib yog siv los tso cov cuab yeej hauv kev sib cuag nrog acidic ib puag ncig.
Magnesite, chromite, chromium-magnesite cib yog tsim los ntawm cov ntxhia hlawv. Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom lag luam carborundum thiab graphite. Qhov hluav taws kub tsis kam ntawm cov hom no yog los ntawm 1500 txog 2000 degrees.
Hom aluminous suav nrog cov khoom siv nrov hauv kev lag luam - refractory fireclay cib. Nws muaj ntau tshaj 30% aluminium oxide (alumina) thiab yuav tsum muaj cov av nplaum tshwj xeeb tiv taus kub. Hluav taws kub tsis kam - mus txog 1400 degrees.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg
Nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, cov pob zeb dag tuaj yeem ua taumuab faib ua 3 pawg: nruab nrab, yooj yim thiab acidic.
Dinas thiab quartz av nplaum cib yog cov acidic pawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pob zeb. Lawv cuam tshuam nrog acidic ib puag ncig yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lawv tus kheej.
Basic refractories ua los ntawm dolomite, magnesite, chromomagnesite seamlessly hu rau alkaline ib puag ncig. Lawv yog siv los tso cov cua sov uas yuav tsum tau hloov qhov kub thiab txias hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.
Cov pab pawg nruab nrab rau kev sib raug zoo tshuaj muaj xws li fireclay refractory cib, carbon thiab graphite pob zeb khoom. Lawv tiv taus ob qho tib si alkaline thiab acidic ib puag ncig.
khoom loj
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom muab txhua hom refractory cib nyob rau hauv ib tug universal loj. Txhua hom khoom muaj nws tus kheej GOST, raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog tsim thiab qhov twg nws qhov tseem ceeb tsis tau txiav txim siab. Ntxiv rau, qhov ntev ntawm refractory bricks nyob ntawm seb cov duab, uas tsis yog ib txwm duab plaub. Qhov no yog vim lub complex tsim ntawm chav tsev thermal, uas yuav tsum tau arches thiab vaults.
Piv txwv li, qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom sib dhos ib leeg pib los ntawm 230x65x65 mm thiab xaus nrog qhov ntsuas ntawm 345x150x75 mm. Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm cov duab plaub, lub ntsej muag zoo li, dai thiab lwm yam khoom siv refractory tuaj yeem pom hauv GOST 8691-73.
Marking
Yuav teb cov lus nug ntawm seb hom cib refractory yuav rau lub cub tawg, tus nqi ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom, nws yog qhov tsim nyog.paub qhov cim cim ntawm cov khoom. Txhua lub block muaj cov cim. Thawj tsab ntawv qhia lub npe thiab hom khoom. Yog li, yog tias tsab ntawv "Sh" nyob rau hauv lub cim, ces qhov no refractory belongs rau pawg ntawm fireclay pob zeb; "D" - dinas, "M" - mullite.
Tsab ntawv thib ob txhais qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm daim ntawv thov kub ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv rau pob zeb fireclay:
- SHA, SHAK - 1400 degrees.
- SB - 1350 degrees.
- SHUS, SHV - 1250 degrees.
- PB (semi-acid type) - 1350 degrees.
- PV - 1250 degrees.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov cib refractory tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm tus lej ua ntej los ntawm thawj ob tsab ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Piv txwv li, ShA-5 refractory muaj qhov ntsuas 230x114x65 mm, thiab ShA-8 - 250x124x65. ShB-22 characterizes cov khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kawg wedge (trapezium), qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom yog 230x114x65x55 mm. Tom qab tus lej hauv lub cim, cov ntawv ua raws, uas yog cov ntawv luv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
Tus nqi
Kev siv qhov cub, barbecues, qhov cub, refractory cib yog siv. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yog nyob ntawm hom, qhov loj, tsim nta thiab cov chaw tsim khoom. Txhawm rau sib piv cov nqi rau Lub Kaum Hli 2015 hauv Ukraine thiab Russia, 4 hom nrov fireclay cib raug xaiv. Thaum xaj ib lub pallet, muaj 350-360 cib. Nqe yog rau 1 daim
- ShA-5 yog ib yam khoom nyob rau hauv Russia, tus nqi ntawm 39.9 rubles.
- Zoo ib yam li yav dhau los refractory, SHA-8, uas yog me ntsis loj, raug nqi 47.9 rubles.
- SHA-22(kawg wedge): nqi nyob rau hauv Russia - 49 rubles.
- SHA-45 (kawg wedge): tus nqi ntawm cov khoom hauv Russia yog 41.2 rubles.
Lub cib refractory twg xaiv rau lub qhov cub?
Thaum tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cib liab liab, cov qauv qhov ntev uas yog 250x120x65 mm. Nws yuav tsum muaj cov npoo ntshiab, tsis muaj chips, cov npoo du thiab cov kaum sab xis. Txwv tsis pub, lub masonry yuav tawg yooj yim. Thaum tawg, lub cib yuav tsum muaj cov qauv sib xws, uas yog, nyob rau hauv tsis muaj qhov tawg, voids thiab txheej.
Zheleznik - qib ntawm cov cib hlawv tsuas yog siv tau rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv paus rauv, vim nws nyuaj rau khi rau hauv mortar. Unburnt (scarlet) dag pob zeb, silicate, perforated thiab hollow cib tsis raug tso cai siv rau tso qhov cub thiab chimneys.
Refractory cib rau lub cub tawg, tus nqi yog ob peb zaug siab dua cov pob zeb liab ceramic, yog qhov tsim nyog rau hauv ob sab hauv thermal units. Ntawd yog, los tsim lub plhaub tiv thaiv, siv lub refractory, uas yog qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub qhov cub. Vim li no, cov cua kub uas tsim sab hauv tsis rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov cub.
Kev daws
Kiln refractory bricks yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov qauv siv ib homogeneous mortar uas yuav khov kho cov masonry ua ke thiab harden nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Rau tsev neeg qhov cub, siv cov av nplaum tov, uas yog npaj, nyob ntawm seb muaj roj cov ntsiab lus ntawm av nplaum, nrog rau ntxiv xuab zeb nyob rau hauv proportions ntawm 1: 1 los yog 1: 2. Cov tshuaj npaj tau suav hais tias tsim nyog yog tias lub pob dov los ntawm nws ntawmziab tsis tawg raws lub contour, thiab thaum muab pov rau hauv pem teb tsis crumble. Yog tias muaj cov xuab zeb ntau dhau, ces lub pob poob sib nrug, cov kab nrib pleb yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov muaj cov av nplaum ntau hauv cov tshuaj.
Thaum tso cov cuab yeej siv khoom lag luam, cov cib refractory tau txuas ua ke siv cov tshuaj khib - cov no yog cov txiv qaub mortars tsim los khi cov khoom refractory.
Rau qhov tso lub hauv paus ntawm qhov cub, nws raug nquahu kom npaj cov txiv qaub mortars hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 2 - 1: 4. Cov cement sib tov yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus rau thermal units raug cuam tshuam los ntawm dej, xws li dej hauv av.
Masonry qeb
Thaum lub tsev, kho cov chav thermal, tso cov cib refractory tshwm sim raws li cov hauv qab no, uas txiav txim siab nws pawg:
- Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob qij txha los ntawm 0.5 txog 1 hli sib haum rau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ceev faj nteg ntawm qeb 1.
- 1-2 hli seams ntawm cib yog rau qeb 2.
- Standard (ib txwm) masonry yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tuab txog li 3 hli.
- Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib lub mortar ntawm cib tshaj 3 hli sib haum rau ib qho yooj yim refractory masonry.
Cov chav kawm, qib ntawm refractories, pawg masonry - tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau sau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm. Yog tias tsis muaj, ces qhov tuab ntawm cov seams rau cov qauv sib txawv yog txiav txim siab raws li cov rooj tshwj xeeb.
