Lub npe "camellia" tau hnov los ntawm cov neeg uas tsis tau pom cov nroj tsuag no hauv lawv lub neej. Undoubtedly, qhov no yog qhov zoo ntawm Alexandre Dumas thiab nws nto moo tshiab "Tus poj niam ntawm Camellias", uas immortalized cov paj zoo nkauj thiab muab rau lawv ib tug aura ntawm romance uas tseem nyob rau niaj hnub no. Lub npe ntawm lub paj, txawm hais tias nws suab zoo heev, tsuas yog los ntawm lub npe ntawm Czech tub txib Kamel, uas tau coj cov nroj tsuag no mus rau Tebchaws Europe los ntawm Manila (Philippines) nyob rau xyoo pua 17th.
me ntsis botany
Lub genus "camellia" belongs rau tsev neeg "tshuaj yej" thiab muaj, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, ntau tshaj li ob puas hom. Muaj ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm qhov ntau ntau ntau yam bred los ntawm breeders. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog tsob ntoo lossis ntoo me, evergreen thiab flowering nyob rau lub caij ntuj no. Camellia nplooj yog ci, ntom, elliptical nyob rau hauv cov duab, tsaus ntsuab nyob rau hauv cov xim. Lawv loj, nyob ntawm seb hom nroj tsuag, txawv ntawm 3 mus rau 15 cm nyob rau hauv ntev. Camellia yog cov nroj tsuag subtropical thiab blooms thaum lub caij txias tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo: lig Autumn, lub caij ntuj no thiab thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Cov paj camellia zoo li zoo li lub paj. Ntau yam ntawm lawvzoo kawg nkaus! Lawv yog cov terry thiab semi-ob, thiab lawv yog cov yooj yim, elegantly du, tsis tu ncua nyob rau hauv cov duab, nrog ib tug nruab nrab txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 mus rau 15 cm. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tsoos dawb thiab liab paj, camellia petals yuav ua tau ntawm tag nrho cov ntxoov liab, daj thiab txawm variegated: nrog kab txaij, thaj ua rau thaj los yog edging. Cov paj ntawm feem ntau hom camellia muaj suab tsis hnov tsw, nrog rau qee qhov kev zam. Cov noob tsim tom qab flowering zoo ib yam li cov txiv ntoo me me hauv lub plhaub tawv, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhuav capsules. Paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag kav ntev - txog ib hlis. Hauv qee hom, lawv tsis qhuav tawm, tab sis poob tag nrho, raws li, tsis txhob lwj qhov zoo ntawm tsob ntoo.
Camellia sinensis: tshuaj yej xwb
Qab lub npe zoo nkauj li Suav camellia (Camellia sinensis), tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo. Lub teb chaws ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog cov neeg Esxias sab hnub tuaj, thiab nws tau cog qoob loo thawj zaug hauv Suav teb: nplooj ntawm camellia sinensis yog cov khoom siv raw rau cov dej haus ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, camellia tuaj rau Nyiv thiab tau nrov heev ntawm cov samurai. Thawj qhov sau hais txog camellias hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua AD thiab cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb nrog Nyiv.
Ntau tom qab, cov nroj tsuag tau coj mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Raws li ntau qhov chaw, qhov no tau tshwm sim los ntawm 16th mus rau 18th centuries, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseeb tias muaj cov camellia tau suav hais tias yog tsob ntoo muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kim rau lub sijhawm ntev, tsim nyog tsuas yog ntawm aristocracy. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, camellias tau mus rau Tebchaws Meskas - ob qho tib si li tshuaj yej bushes thiab ornamental nroj tsuag. Camellias tshwm nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Zoo li cov khoomua teb, lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo heev hauv cov zej zog siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sim kuj tau sau tseg kom loj hlob cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo: thawj zaug hauv Crimea, thiab hauv Soviet lub sijhawm - hauv Krasnodar Territory.
Zoo
Suav tshuaj yej camellia tsis zoo li zoo nkauj li nws cov khoom zoo nkauj, tab sis nws tsim nyog sim cog nws hauv tsev hauv lub lauj kaub. Nws cov paj dawb nrog cov chaw daj zoo li jasmine. Lawv tsis loj heev, tab sis muaj ib tug ilv aroma. Feem ntau hais lus, txhua tus camellia tsis yog tsob ntoo hauv tsev. Cov xwm txheej hauv cov tsev nyob hauv nroog yog qhov tsis tsim nyog rau nws. Yog li ntawd, camellias yog suav hais tias yog heev capricious - txawm lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov haiv neeg huab cua cheeb tsam lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av tsis muaj teeb meem, cia li zoo li nroj tsuag, txawm withstanding me ntsis frosts. Tab sis yog tias koj paub cov nuances ntawm kev loj hlob cov kev zoo nkauj no, tej zaum lawv yuav txaus siab rau lawv cov tswv rau lub sijhawm ntev. Camellias loj hlob qeeb, tab sis nyob ntev heev: nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw ib puag ncig - ntau pua xyoo.
Kev saib xyuas camellia: teeb meem tseem ceeb
Cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo hauv cov tsev niaj hnub no yog huab cua qhuav heev, cov ntawv sau thiab kub dhau lub caij ntuj no. Cov av hnyav dhau kuj tuaj yeem ua teeb meem, vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm rotting ntawm cov hauv paus hniav tshwm sim thiab, vim li ntawd, kev tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nrog rau kev cog qoob loo ntau dhau ntawm lub paj. Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, Camellia sinensis yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw txias - nws tsuas yog xav tau lub caij ntuj no txoj cai. Muab nws nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mobCentral cua sov tsis yooj yim. Lub sam thiaj insulated, qhov twg qhov kub tsis poob qis dua 5 ºС, yog qhov chaw zoo rau nws rau lub sijhawm no. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ntiav, ib tug txias terrace yog haum.
Cov av noo yog tswj tau zoo los ntawm kev txau, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj dej noo ncaj qha rau ntawm cov paj, thiab cov tais nrog cov av nplaum ntub dej. Kev ywg dej yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo: ntawm qhov kub qis, dej stagnation tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov av rau camellia raug xaiv raug, nws yuav muaj teeb meem los sau paj.
Lub nuances ntawm loj hlob camellias
Muaj kev xav tias thaum lub sij hawm flowering camellia yuav tsum tsis txhob kov: replanted, tig thiab rearranged. Qhov no tsis yog li ntawd: lub sij hawm flowering ntawm no shrub, oddly txaus, coincides nrog lub dormant lub sij hawm, thiab yog li ntawd lub sij hawm no koj muaj peev xwm ua dab tsi nrog nws, txawm replant nws, tsis muaj kev ntshai ntawm puas koj tus tsiaj. Kev cog qoob loo yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm paj, thaum tseem muaj paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Thaum budding - feem ntau nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov - camellias xav tau teeb pom kev zoo thiab dej nruab nrab, nrog rau qhov kub ntawm li 20 ºС lossis siab dua me ntsis. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tshem tawm cov hnub ci ncaj qha los ntawm kev tso lub lauj kaub nrog cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub qhov rais sab hnub poob. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau buds ripening tsis siab tshaj 15 ºС, thiab txawm tsawg dua rau lub sij hawm flowering - los ntawm 8 mus rau 12 ºС. Dej rau irrigation yuav tsum yog mos, koj muaj peev xwm txawm me ntsis acidify nws. Camellias tsis zam cov calcium ntau dhau. Yog tias qhov kub thiab av noo tsis sib xwsYuav tsum tau, lub camellia yuav tsis tawg thiab poob buds.
Av xav tau
Suav camellia xav tau cov av acidic xoob. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke rau azaleas lossis rhododendrons, suav nrog peat, nplooj av, perlite thiab xuab zeb. Av los ntawm hav zoov coniferous kuj zoo.
Fertilizers rau camellia yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg nkaus. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los pub cov nroj tsuag nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum lub sij hawm nws nquag loj hlob. Ordinary soluble complex chiv yuav ua. Raws li cov kab tsuag, camellia tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm aphids lossis kab laug sab mites, tab sis qhov no tshwm sim, raws li gardeners, tsis tshua muaj heev.
Kev cog qoob loo ntawm camellia
Feem ntau, camellia yog propagated los ntawm apical cuttings nrog 3-5 tsim nplooj. Rooting tua yuav siv sij hawm ntev, 3-4 lub hlis. Muaj lwm txoj hauv kev: koj tuaj yeem sim loj hlob camellia los ntawm cov noob tshiab. Varietal yam ntxwv, hmoov tsis, tsis tau khaws cia. Yuav pib nrog, cov noob ntawm camellia sinensis raug kuaj xyuas rau kev loj hlob los ntawm kev muab tso rau hauv dej. Yog hais tias lub noob floats, nws yuav tsis germinate. Cov noob zoo yuav tsum tau tsau rau ob peb teev hauv dej kub (txog 70 ºС), hloov dej peb zaug. Daim tawv nqaij tuab tuaj yeem tho tau.
Tom qab tag nrho cov kev tswj hwm, cov noob tau muab tso rau hauv cov av noo tsis sib sib zog nqus - 3-5 cm yog txaus. Qhov cua yuav tsum ua ntu zus. Kev tua yuav tsum tshwm sim hauv 1-2 lub hlis. Koj tuaj yeem hloov lawv mus rau hauv nyias lub lauj kaub tom qab qhib ob nplooj, tsis muaj qhov tob tob hauv lub dab tshos.
hom camellias thiab lawv siv
Dhau li Camellia sinensis, cov nroj tsuag hauv qab no tau paub dav: roob, oilseed, net, Japanese, Saluen, golden-flowered, Frost-resistant Williams hybrids thiab lwm yam.
Japanese-Suav hav zoov camellia yog qhov txaus siab rau cov neeg yug tsiaj. Yeej, lawv cov kev siv zog yog tsom rau kev yug me nyuam paj ntawm cov duab tshiab - ntshav, coral, qab zib, pearl dawb, nrog rau ntau yam Frost-resistant. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau peb lub teb chaws, vim tsuas muaj ob peb cheeb tsam uas cov paj zoo nkauj no tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv av tsis muaj teeb meem.
Nws yog qhov nthuav tias Japanese-Suav Evengol camellia tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv tshuaj. Los ntawm nws cov nplooj me, cov roj tseem ceeb tau txais, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj loog.
