ntaiv sab hauv thiab sab nraud muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua lub tsev. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sib sau ua ke cov qauv no nrog rau kev tsim ua ntej ntawm qhov project. Thaum tsim cov duab kos, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li tag nrho cov qauv muab los ntawm SNiP thiab GOST. Hauv particular, qhov no siv rau xws li ib feem ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub stairs raws li cov kauj ruam. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lawv yuav tsum muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha. Qhov ntev ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm lub davhlau ntawm cov ntaiv thiab qhov qhib yuav tsum tau xaiv nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus cuag lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov qauv tsim yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb li sai tau.
Nyob ntaiv
Nyob hauv cov yards thiab sab hauv tsev, nqa cov qauv hauv qab no tuaj yeem ntsia tau:
- Muaj. Qhov no yog hom ntaiv tshaj plaws. Lawv cov kauj ruam feem ntau yog txuas nrog kosour lossis bowstring. Cov kauj ruam taug kev tuaj yeem yooj yim thiab tig. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem npaj lub xaib vim tsis muaj qhov chaw dawb, cov qauv no tau ua nkhaus siv cov kauj ruam winder.
- Ntsia. Qhov kev xaiv no zoo li niaj hnub ntau dua li kev taug kev thiab siv qhov chaw tsawg dua. Nruab kauv staircasestuaj yeem nyob hauv txhua qhov ntawm lub tsev lossis vaj, thiab tsis yog nyob ze ntawm phab ntsa. Lawv feem ntau yog puag ncig hauv cov duab. Cov kauj ruam hauv cov ntaiv no yog trapezoidal thiab txuas nrog lub hauv paus ncej. Qee lub sij hawm lub voj voos kheej kheej kuj tau nruab rau hauv cov tsev thiab cov vaj tsev. Hauv qhov no, ob qhov chaw muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv tsim. Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov kev xaiv no yog cumbersome thiab yog li tsis tshua siv.
- Vertical. Hom ntaiv no feem ntau yog siv los ua tus ntaiv hluav taws, rau kev nce mus rau qhov chaw tsis muaj cua sov lossis nqis mus rau hauv cellars. Xws li cov ntaiv tsuas yog ob qho kev txhawb nqa, nruab nrab ntawm cov rungs yog khoom. Muaj ob hom loj: txuas thiab ruaj khov. Feem ntau cov ntaiv no ua folding.
Master tig stairs yog quarter (90 degrees) thiab ib nrab tig (180 degrees). Cov qauv ntsia hlau, qhov tseeb, yog lawv ntau yam. Kev sib hloov ntawm cov ntaiv no yog ua los ntawm 180 gr. Tom ntej no, cia saib seb qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov kauj ruam tuaj yeem ua tau hauv txhua kis no. GOST txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb tsuas yog rau cov ntaiv ntawm ntau lub tsev. Tshwj xeeb, feem ntau, qhov zoo tshaj plaws (tab sis tsis dhau qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm SNiP) qhov dav, qhov ntev, qhov tob thiab qhov siab yog xaiv.
Cov Lus Qhia dav dav
Thaum sib sau cov ntaiv ntawm txhua yam, cov cai hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws:
- Tus naj npawb ntawm cov kauj ruam hauv ib lub Peb Hlis yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 17 pcs. Lawv tus lej tsawg kawg tuaj yeem yog ib qho. Tab sis feem ntau stairs muaj tsawg kawg yog 3 kauj ruam. Qhov kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws yog marches nrog tus lej khib ntawm lawv.ntau.
- Qhov siab ntawm cov ntaiv yuav tsum yog tib yam. Tsuas yog thawj tus tuaj yeem siab dua li lwm tus.
- Txoj kev tso tawm ntawm theem tsis pub ua kom loj dhau. Txwv tsis pub, ib tug neeg taug kev nce ntaiv tuaj yeem taug kev yooj yim. Cov kev cai muab kev tso tawm ntev tsis pub tshaj 30 hli.
- Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov kauj ruam saum toj kawg nkaus mus rau lub qhov rooj yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 1 m. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis raug tso cai ua kom lub platform nqaim dua qhov dav ntawm lub qhov rooj.
kauj ruam tsim nta
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaiv no muaj ob qhov tseem ceeb:
- kab rov tav txhawb nqa treads;
- ntsug risers.
Qhov dav ntawm thawj thiab qhov siab ntawm qhov thib ob yuav tsum tau muab xam kom zoo raws li qhov ua tau thaum tsim ib qhov project. Nws yog nyob ntawm ob qhov ntsuas no tias qhov yooj yim thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj feem ntau yog nyob ntawm. Qee zaum cov ntaiv tau ua tsis muaj risers. Cov qauv zoo li no pheej yig dua, tab sis lawv kuj saib tsawg dua.
kauj ruam ntev
Cov ntaiv ua rau lub tsev lossis chav, raws li SNiP cov qauv, yuav tsum ua kom dav dav. Cov kauj ruam txheem, qhov ntev uas tau txiav txim los ntawm GOST, muaj qhov ntev ntawm tsawg kawg yog 90 cm. Tab sis qhov taw qhia ntawm 1-1.5 meters yog suav tias yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau lub peb hlis ntuj, cov neeg nce thiab nce yuav tuaj yeem tawg tau yooj yim.
March Depth
Qhov dav dav ntawm cov ntaiv ua rau cov tsev nyob yog 30 cm. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov cai, daim duab no yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua.25 cm (rau hauv qab daus - 26 cm). Ntawd yog, qhov dav ntawm lub tread yuav tsum tau ua kom tus ko taw ntawm tus neeg laus tuaj yeem haum rau ntawm nws.
Qhov tsuas yog kev zam rau txoj cai no yog kauv thiab ntsug ntaiv. Qhov nqaim ntawm cov kauj ruam trapezoidal yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 10 cm dav. Cov ntaiv ntsug, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaiv sab, yuav tsum yog lub teeb txawb thiab lub teeb li sai tau. Yog li ntawd, qhov dav ntawm lawv cov kauj ruam tsis yog tswj los ntawm cov qauv. Feem ntau, daim duab no yog 5-10 cm. Hauv cov qauv hluav taws kub hlau, cov kauj ruam tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov pas nrig tuab nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 15-20 hli.
Qhov siab yuav tsum yog dab tsi?
Thaum xam qhov ntsuas no, lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. GOST rau qhov ntev ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm lub pob zeb staircase nyob rau hauv ntau-storey tsev, piv txwv li, muab rau cov nram qab no piv:
- rau cov qauv nrog txoj kab nqes ntawm 1: 2 - 125-145 mm;
- nrog txoj kab nqes ntawm 1: 1.5 - 143 lossis 168 mm.
Qhov kawg ntawm tus ntaiv feem ntau yog siv los nqes mus rau hauv qab daus lossis mus txog rau lub tsev. Qhov dav ntawm cov tread hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau yog ib txwm 30 cm. Rau hauv qab daus thiab cov ntaiv hauv qab - 26 cm.
Hauv tsev ntiav, cov kauj ruam feem ntau yog ua 150-200 hli siab. Nws yog qhov no uas tau tso cai los ntawm SNiP cov qauv. Qhov kev xaiv qhov siab tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tsev thiab qhov dav ntawm lawv cov kauj ruam.
theem qhov ntau thiab tsawg: yuav ua li cas xam qhov ua tau zoo?
Thaum tsim ib qho chaw sab nraud lossis sab hauv, cov qauv hauv qab no feem ntau yog siv:
- A + B=450 mm (kev ntseeg lub Peb Hlis);
- B-A=120mm (kev nyab xeeb).
"A" hauv qhov no - qhov siab ntawm riser, "B" - qhov dav ntawm lub tread. Qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev taug kev zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau yog xam los ntawm cov mis 2A + B=600 mm.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm lub tsev nyob ntawm, ntawm lwm yam, ntawm cov khoom siv rau nws siv. Yog li, piv txwv li, tus qauv board dav yog 75-275 mm nrog ib tug gradation ntawm 25 mm. Rau treads, ob qho tib si 250 mm thiab 275 mm khoom yog tsim nyog. Cov boards dav dav hauv qhov no yog qhov siv tsis tau. Rau risers, cov khoom siv feem ntau yog siv ntawm 150, 175 lossis 200 mm. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev xaiv thib ob thiab zaum kawg suav tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws.
Hauv cov ntaiv cib, cov kauj ruam feem ntau yog 250 hli dav. Lawv qhov siab feem ntau yog 177-178 mm. Xws li qhov ntev ntawm cov kauj ruam yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej (ntev 250 mm, qhov siab 88 mm). Thaum tso cov qauv ntawm ntau yam no, lawv feem ntau ua ob lub cib siab. Ntawd yog, 88 koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab faib los ntawm 2 thiab ntxiv 1-2 cm rau cov seams.
Rau cov kauj ruam ntawm cov hlau thiab pob zeb ntaiv, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov ntev, qhov dav, thiab lwm yam yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv.
Dab tsi xav txog?
Txoj kevyuav tsum muaj tus qauv thiab pom qhov loj me ntawm cov kauj ruam, peb pom. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tsim cov ntaiv, nws tsim nyog xav txog lwm qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb. Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau cov qauv ntoo, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau nws cov thickness. Ntawm chav kawm, nyias nyias boards rau stairs yuav tsum tsis txhob noj. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav ua rau tsis nyab xeeb thiab luv luv.
Lub thickness ntawm ib tug ntoo tread yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov ratio ntawm 1:20 rau nws qhov dav. Qhov no muab cov npoo txaus ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Ntawd yog, cov kauj ruam board nrog qhov dav ntawm 250 hli yuav tsum muaj qhov tuab ntawm tsawg kawg 12.5 hli. Rau riser, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom nyias. Ib tug txiav board ib centimeter tuab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog txaus. Qee zaum qhov chaw ntsug ntawm cov kauj ruam raug kaw nrog cov plywood xwb.
pob zeb ntaiv ntawm theem kawg feem ntau yog pobzeb. Yog li ntawd, thaum xam qhov siab thiab dav ntawm lawv cov kauj ruam, nws yog tsim nyog los coj mus rau hauv tus account lub thickness ntawm cov khoom no. Rau cov vuas, daim duab no feem ntau yog 4-9 hli. Ntuj pob zeb vuas tuaj yeem muaj qhov tuab tuab ntawm 1-2 cm.
Zoo kawg
Raws li tag nrho cov cai tau piav qhia saum toj no, hauv tsev lossis hauv vaj, koj tuaj yeem sib sau cov ntaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov. Ntawm chav kawm, kom raug xam qhov ntev ntawm cov kauj ruam tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum sib sau ua ke cov ntaiv, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov siab ntawm railing (tsawg kawg 90 cm), txoj kev fastening lub ntsiab (rau ntoo - tsuas yog bolts), lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination, thiab lwm yam. cov kauj ruam uas pib txiav txim siabkev nyab xeeb thiab kev nplij siab ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Thiab qhov no txhais tau hais tias nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws tsis tsim nyog txuag ntawm cov khoom thiab mus dhau qhov tso cai ntsuas qhov ntev, dav, qhov siab thiab thickness.
