Kev tsim cov tsev rau ntau lub hom phiaj yog raws li cov qauv tsim qauv, qee cov qauv. Kev sib txuas lus hauv engineering, nrog rau qhov qhib rau qhov rais thiab qhov rooj, yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv pom zoo.
Lawv tsis yog tsim los ua kom lub neej nyuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv no tau txais los ntawm kev sau cov kev paub dhau los thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Standard qhov ntau thiab tsawg qhov rais tsis muaj kev zam.
Vim li cas thiaj xav tau qhov loj me
Kev siv cov qauv me me thaum tsim koj lub tsev yog qhov xav tau heev. Tom qab tag nrho, GOST ntawm lub qhov rais qhib yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev raws li muab ib tug txaus theem ntawm illumination ntawm cov chav thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm khaws kub nyob rau hauv lub caij txias. Dhau li ntawm, feem ntau ntawm cov tuam txhab tso tawm qhov rais thav duab nrog ob-glazed qhov rais ntawm tus qauv ntau thiab tsawg. Thaum xaj lub qhov rais uas tsis yog qauv, koj yuav tau them nyiaj ntxiv.
Thaum xaiv qhov luaj li cas ntawm lub qhov rais hauv ib chav, ob peb yam ntxwv tsis raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:
- iav hom. Yog tias koj xav ua kom zoo nkauj hauv chav nrog tinted iav, koj yuav tsum npaj lub qhov rais qhib loj dua. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub qhov rais yuav muaj thaj tsam loj dua piv rau lub qhov rais nrog pob tshab iav. Tus ncej loj yog 3 cm me dua qhov qhib qhov rais.
- thaj chaw latitude. Rau cov cheeb tsam sab qab teb ntawm plaub caug-tsib qhov sib npaug, tus qauv tsim coefficient ntawm 0.75 yog siv. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg qhov rais yog 25% me dua li cov qauv. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub sixtieth latitude, lub coefficient yog 1, 2. Tag nrho cov txheem qhov rais qhov ntev yog nce 20%.
- Tseem thaj tsam ntawm chav. Rau kev teeb pom kev zoo, qhov sib piv ntawm thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho cov qhov rais ntawm chav tsev mus rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 1/8 txog 1/5.
- Lub tsev hom. Rau thaj chaw, chaw ua haujlwm, kev kawm thiab lwm qhov chaw, lawv tus kheej teeb pom kev zoo tau tsim.
qauv qhov rai qhov ntau thiab tsawg nyob ntawm seb hom tsev tshwj xeeb, nrog rau cov khoom siv rau kev tsim kho. Ib tug loj loj ntawm lub tsev tej yaam num tau tsim. Tag nrho cov no tau muab faib ua ntau pawg.
Qub Nyiaj
Nws suav nrog cov tsev ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, thaum kaj ntug ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th lossis ntxov dua. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev ntawm cov nyiaj qub:
- tuab cib ntsa;
- chav dav dav nrog txoj hauv kev ntev;
- qab nthab los ntawm peb meters siab;
- siab windows.
Nyob hauv cov tsev zoo li no, qhov qhib qhov rooj yog qhov nqaim thiab dav txaus.
| Typewindows | qauv qhov rais qhov ntau thiab tsawg |
| ib nplooj |
1 150 × 1 900 mm 850 × 1 150 mm |
| Bivalve |
1 150 × 1 900 mm 1 300 × 2 200 mm 1,500 × 1,900 mm |
| Tri-leaved | 2 400 × 2 100 mm |
Tsev ntawm Stalin lub sijhawm
Lub tsev tsim los ntawm 30s mus rau 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX feem ntau ntxim nyiam heev. Stalinok Nta:
- nruj architecture;
- qab nthab txog li tsib meters siab;
- chav loj, chav ua noj dav.
Cov tsev no yog ua los ntawm cib liab. Sab nraud, lawv ua granite cladding los yog plastered. Lub sijhawm no, cov tsev tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog stucco molding thiab trimmed nrog bas-reliefs. Vim cov chav loj, tsis muaj ib nplooj ntoo qhov rais.
| Window type | Dav thiab qhov siab ntawm lub qhov rais txheem |
| Bivalve |
1 150 × 1 950 mm 1,500 × 1,900 mm |
| Tri-leaved | 1,700 × 1,900 mm |
Khrushchevs
Nov yog lub npe muab rau cov tsev tsim los ntawm 50s txog 85s ntawm XX caug xyoo. Cov tsos ntawm Khrushchev cov tsev yog paub rau txhua leej txhua tus: lub ru tsev tiaj tus, tsis muaj facade decorations.
Tus yam ntxwv los ntawm:
- ua nrog cov vaj huam sib luag lossis xuab zeb-lime cib;
- muaj 3 - 5pem teb;
- ceiling qhov siab - 2, 3 - 2.5 m;
- pob suab rwb thaiv tsev;
- chav me thiab chav ua noj.
| khoom siv ntawm lub tsev | Window type | Qhov loj ntawm lub qhov rais hauv chav tsev |
| Cib, dav qhov rais sills |
Bivalve Tri-leaved |
1 450 × 1 500 mm 2040 × 1500mm |
| pob zeb vaj, nqaim qhov rais sills |
Bivalve Tri-leaved |
1 300 × 1 350 mm 2040 × 1350 mm |
Brezhnevka
Nov yog lub npe ntawm cov tsev nrog kev txhim kho layout, uas tau tsim los ntawm nruab nrab-60s txog rau thaum xaus ntawm 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX. Nta:
- chav ua noj dav dav thiab chav sib piv nrog Khrushchev;
- muaj 5 mus rau 9 pem teb;
- zoo nkauj nrog elevators, khib nyiab chutes.
Tsim ntau lub tsev nrog txhim kho kev npaj. Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm qhov qhib qhov rais yog qhov sib txawv hauv txhua qhov. Muaj ib daim ntawv teev cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov tsev ib txwm muaj. Ntau lub series tseem xav tau hnub no.
| Tsev tsim series | Window type | qauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg |
| 602 |
Bivalve Tri-leaved |
1 450 × 1 210 mm 2 100 × 1 450 mm |
| 606 |
Bivalve Tri-leaved |
1 450 ×1,410 mm 1 700 × 1 410 mm |
| 600 | Tri-leaved |
2 380 × 1 130 mm 2 380 × 1 420 mm 2 690 × 1 420 mm |
Tswv tsev tshiab
Lub tsev tshiab niaj hnub muaj ntau haiv neeg. Muaj ntau tshaj 40 qhov project series ntawm cov tsev no.
qauv qhov rai qhov ntau thiab tsawg rau txhua series yog tus kheej.
| Tsev tsim series | ob lub qhov rais | 3 nplooj ntoo qhov rai |
| 504 | 1 450 × 1 410 mm | 1 700 × 1 410 mm |
| 137 | 1 150 × 1 420 mm | 1 700 × 1 420 mm |
| 504D | 1 420 × 1 100 mm | 1 420 × 2 030 mm |
| 505 | 1 4100 × 1 450 mm | 1 410 × 2 030 mm |
| 600.11 | 1 410 × 1 450 mm | 1 410 × 2 050 mm |
Kev sib piv ntawm cov qauv
Qhov rai manufacturers tso cai me ntsis sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov project hauv kev tsim tshuab. Deviations ntawm +2mm / −1mm yog xam nyob rau hauv qhov kev txwv.
Pov thawj los ntawm kev paub dhau los thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev, qhov piv "dav / qhov siab" tso cai rau koj los lav qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm qhov raisdesigns.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua kom lub qhov rais arbitrarily, ua tiav qhov pom kev zoo dua. Qhov no ua rau deformation ntawm tus ncej, nws tawg. Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem lossis qhov chaw raug puas tsuaj. Cov qauv qhov rai qhov loj me rau ib lub tsev tshwj xeeb yog suav nrog nws lub hom phiaj, qhov chaw thiab qhov loj me.
Nco ntsoov tias cov qauv kev tsim kho tam sim no muaj qee qhov txheeb ze.
PVC windows
Ntawm niaj hnub kev tsim kho kev lag luam, qhov rais nrog cov thav ntawv ua los ntawm yas yog qhov xav tau tshaj plaws. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau loj-tsim rau installation nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag tsev. Cov qhov rais yas tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg: 1,200 x 1,200 mm thiab 1,300 x 1,400 mm.
Hnub no muaj ib nplooj, ob-nplooj thiab peb-nplooj yas qhov rais.
Vim qhov qhib sib txawv nyob ntawm seb hom tsev, PVC qhov rais yog qhov yooj yim los ua kom loj.
Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsim cov qauv qhov rai tsis yog yuav luag txhua qhov loj me, tab sis kuj zoo nkauj. Tau kawg, muaj qee qhov qauv tsim uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej:
- yog tias lub sash yog pivoting, nws qhov siab yog npaj yuav ntau zaus ntau dua qhov dav;
- yog tias muaj cov txheej txheem folding, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv qhov dav ntau dua qhov siab;
- iav loj yog pom zoo tsis pub ntau tshaj 1,000 mm2, txwv tsis pub txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg yuav nce.
PVC qhov rai manufacturers tso dag tias kev cai qhov rais tam sim no yog tus qauv. Yuav kom tsim tau ib qho txawv txawvqhib, koj xav tau ib qho kev sib cais ntawm kev kos duab thiab ua tib zoo saib ntawm qhov ntev. Yog li ntawd, thaum txiav txim tus kheej, koj yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias nws yuav raug nqi ntau dua li cov qhov rais yas ntawm cov qauv loj.
3 nplooj ntoo qhov rai
Nws tsim muaj ob sab nqaim tis nrog rau qhov dav ntawm lawv. Raws li tus qauv, qhov nruab nrab yog qhov khoob.
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov rais peb-nplooj tshiab, ntsuas qhov dav ntawm qhov qhib nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw sab nrauv. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum ntsuas qhov siab ntawm lub qhov rais yav tom ntej: qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub sab sauv ntawm qhov qhib mus rau ebb. Tri-leaf qhov rais qhov ntev:
| Tsim | siab, mm | dav, mm |
| qhib qhov rai | 1 200; 1350; 1 500 | 1 800; 2 100 |
| Window | 1 170; 1320; 1470 NWS | 1 170; 2070 NWS |
Nyob hauv cov tsev siab siab niaj hnub no, peb nplooj qhov rais nrog qhov loj ntawm 2,050 x 1,400 mm feem ntau yog ntsia. Tau kawg, koj tuaj yeem xaj ntau lawm rau kev tsim kho tus kheej.
Windows hauv tsev ntiag tug
Thaum tsim lawv lub tsev, tus tswv tuaj yeem xaiv qhov loj qhov rais lossis tsom rau tus kheej nyiam.
Feem ntau hauv kev tsim kho tus kheej, kev teeb tsa ntau lub qhov rais hauv ib chav yog siv. Nws yog tus nqi ntau dua los siv ob-nplooj qhov rais ntawm tus qauvqhov loj. Tej yaam num ntawm lub teb chaws tsev ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab tsim kho yog tsom rau qhov no.
Yuav ua li cas txiav txim siab muaj pes tsawg qhov qhib los muab hauv chav rau kev txhim kho qhov rais? Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xam thaj tsam ntawm lub façade, nrog rau thaj tsam hauv pem teb ntawm tag nrho chav. Nws raug lees paub tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws illumination ntawm chav nyob tuaj yeem ua tiav yog tias tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub qhov rais yog 12 - 18% ntawm thaj chaw hauv pem teb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 25% ntawm thaj chaw facade.
Ib tug yuav tsum xav tias sab twg los tso qhov rais rau thaum tsim ib lub tsev nyob hauv ib lub tebchaws. Raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob, cov neeg tsim qauv qhia kom tso qhov rais feem ntau nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev. Ntawm no, lub hnub lub rays yuav muab lub teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov cua sov los ntawm lub qhov rais yuav tsawg heev. Tau kawg, qhov rais nyob rau sab qaum teb lossis sab hnub tuaj kuj xav tau. Tab sis lawv tuaj yeem ua tsis tau ntau heev kom tag nrho cov glazing cheeb tsam me dua.
ntoo qhov rais qauv
Nyob rau hauv cov tsev ntawm niaj hnub nroog architecture, qhov rais ntawm ntau yam qauv, tsim thiab configurations yog tsim. Qhov kev thov rau cov tsev dav hauv lub tebchaws tau nce ntxiv, qhov chaw loj-chav glazing tau raug teeb tsa. Lawv siv zais kev txhawb nqa profiles thiab txhawb nqa partitions. Cov tswv ntawm cov vaj tsev muaj koob npe nyob hauv nroog nyiam cov thav ntawv ntoo nrog lub zog txuag ob-glazed windows.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov qauv no yog kom sib npaug ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov qhov rais ntoo nrog lub tsev proportions. Txoj Cai Ratioua kom lub zog ntawm xws li cov qauv tsim. Cov qauv ntoo yog hnyav dua li cov yas lossis aluminium qhov rais. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov rais ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntuj ntoo, qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau khaws cia. Thiab tseem muab lub zog txaus ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas poob rau hauv qhov load.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov qhov rais ntoo hauv lub tsev nyob yog xaiv raws li cov qauv tsim, qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm qhov qhib. Kev suav suav ntawm kev teeb tsa pab kom ua tiav qib zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, ua kom zoo dua cov cua sov.
Kev xaiv ntawm glazing hom yuav siv rau hauv tus lej ntawm cov plag tsev ntawm lub tsev, nws txoj kev taw qhia rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov khoom siv hauv tsev siv rau cov phab ntsa thiab qee cov yam ntxwv ntxiv. Feem ntau qhov kev xaiv ntawm glazing cheeb tsam rau thaj tsam ntawm chav tsev yog 1 / 8 - 1 / 10.
Cov neeg tsim qauv pom zoo kom txhim kho cov qhov rais ntoo ntawm qhov siab ntawm ib 'meter' los ntawm hauv pem teb.
Cov qauv hauv qab no ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov qhov rais ntoo muaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam:
| Window type | siab, mm | dav, mm |
| ib nplooj | 400 - 1 470 | 400 - 870 |
| Bivalves | 1 117 – 1 470 | 870 - 1 470 |
| Tri-leaved | 1 170 - 1 470 | 1 770 – 2 070 |
Cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg tuaj yeem siv rau kwv yees suav ntawm tus nqi ntawm windowscov tsev, tsev. Feem ntau, qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm ib lub tsev tsis phim tus qauv ntawm kaum mus rau kaum tsib centimeters. Qhov no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag Khrushchev. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau xam tus nqi pes tsawg ntawm lub qhov rais tshiab, nws tseem muaj kev ntseeg siab dua los siv cov kev paub ntawm lub ntsuas ntsuas. Ntau lub qhov rais manufacturers yuav muab qhov kev pab no dawb.
