Ntoo yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov, tab sis nws kim heev. Yog tias koj xav yuav ib lub tsev ntoo, tab sis muaj kev txwv hauv kev siv nyiaj, ces koj yuav tsum nyiam cov cuab yeej siv tshuab. Nws muab rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kheej tsim lub tsev nyob hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Thaum twg technology ntawm thav duab vaj tse nyob rau hauv Russia? Nws tshwm sim tsis ntev los no: nyob rau hauv lub nineties. Nws tau txais qhov nrov tshaj plaws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tau txiav txim siab ruaj khov tias cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb no yuav tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm los tsim koj lub tsev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub koj tus kheej nrog nws cov nuances thiab secrets. Nws yog lawv tus uas yuav tso cai rau koj los tsim lub tsev muaj zog thiab ruaj khov.
Npaj kev tsim kho lub hauv paus
Canadian thav duab vaj tse thev naus laus zis tsis tas yuav tsim lub hauv paus hnyav thiab tob dhau. Ua ntej yuav pib ua txoj haujlwm no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom theem ntawm thaj chaw. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawdkev kos npe yog ua tiav. Rau ib lub tsev nrog qhov dav ntawm 10 meters thiab ntev ntawm 15, koj yuav xav tau ib lub trench nrog qhov tob ntawm 0.75 m. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob mus tob dua vim tias lub tsev yav tom ntej yuav muaj qhov hnyav me ntsis. Qhov tob yog nyob ntawm huab cua puag, nrog rau qhov khov coefficient ntawm cov av txheej.
haujlwm ua haujlwm
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev nyob, cov lus qhia ua ntu zus hauv kab lus yuav tso cai rau koj nkag siab tias yuav tsum ua li cas thaum npaj cov formwork. Piv txwv li, koj yuav xav tau ib tug thib ob-rate los yog thib peb-rate edged board, qhov ntev ntawm uas yuav sib npaug zos rau qhov txwv ntawm 3, 4 mus rau 6 meters. Nws thickness tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 20 mus rau 25 millimeters.
Npaj ib square bar nrog ib sab ntawm 50 millimeters. 70mm cov ntsia hlau tuaj yeem siv los ua fasteners. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm slate thiab cib, nrog rau pob zeb, yog pw hauv qab ntawm lub trench. Lub thickness ntawm xws li ib txheej yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 1/3 ntawm lub trench qhov tob. Tom qab ntawd, npog lub npoo nrog 20-centimeter txheej ntawm xuab zeb thiab dej nws nrog dej. Koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum cov kua tag lawm. Tom qab ntawd lub txheej yog rov ntim nrog dej. Cov kauj ruam no yuav pab kom nruj lub hauv ncoo, thiab koj yuav tsum rov ua dua li 3-5 zaug. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum pib tso lub tawb ntxiv.
Kev tsim vaj tsev nyob yog nrov heev ntawm cov tswv ntiav niaj hnub no. Kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau saib xyuas, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo. RauKev npaj ntawm qhov sib tov yuav tsum siv cov cement qib M-500, xuab zeb, pob zeb zoo, thiab dej. Kev npaj ntawm qhov loj tuaj yeem ua tiav siv lub pob zeb sib tov. Cov nram qab no yuav tsum tau siv raws li proportions: ib nrab ib 25-kg hnab ntawm cement, 75 kilograms ntawm xuab zeb, 13 liv dej, thiab 125 kilograms ntawm gravel. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev muab kev xav tau los npaj xws li ntim cov tshuaj uas koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tawm hauv ib lub sijhawm. Yog tias koj tsis ua raws li qhov xwm txheej tau teev tseg, cov nyiaj yuav raug siv tsis muaj nuj nqis. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, muaj nyob rau qee lub sijhawm, yuav tsis tsim nyog rau kev siv ntxiv.
phab ntsa
Txoj kev siv lub tsev tsim khoom muab rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev tsim cov phab ntsa, uas yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm lub hauv paus los ntawm ib qho insulating substrate. Nws tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim tshaj plaws - cov khoom siv vov tsev, uas tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub teeb thiab lub hauv paus nto. Tom qab ua tiav cov haujlwm no, koj tuaj yeem pib tso lub hauv paus rau phab ntsa.
Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntoo rau ib leeg nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yog ua los ntawm sawing ib nrab ntawm cov thickness ntawm nws qhov kawg. Cov qauv dav yuav sib haum rau qhov dav ntawm lub nqaj. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov kev sib txuas ntawm lawv, ib tus pin ntoo qhuav, hu ua dowel, yuav tsum tau tsav hauv. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau ua ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej txuas. Nagel yuav tsum nkag mus nrog kev siv zog. Qhov kev sib txuas no tuaj yeem siv los uaces kaum los yog nyob rau hauv fastening ntawm lub nqaj mus rau qhov muab faib.
Tsim cov hauv qab
Frame tsev thev naus laus zis yog nrog los ntawm kev tso lub hauv paus rau tus ncej, uas yuav sib npaug rau qhov siab ntawm ob kab teeb. Tom qab cov embedded ntsiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, ib tug txiav yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem. Nws qhov tob yuav tsum yog ½ ntoo. Cov qauv dav kuj yuav tsum tsim nyog. Nws yog sib npaug rau qhov dav uas cov ntoo siv rau cov racks muaj. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov rooj zaum yuav tsum sib haum rau cov racks. Cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum tau muab ntsia thiab kho nrog braces, uas yog brackets txuas ob lub ncej nodes.
Thaum tag nrho cov racks raug teeb tsa, koj tuaj yeem pib txuas rau sab saum toj kab. Nyob rau hauv nws, grooves yog txiav ua ntej, uas yog tsim nyog rau mounting lub Upper kawg ntawm lub racks. Cov kauj ruam ntawm lawv yuav tsum sib npaug rau qhov loj ntawm cov grooves uas tau xaiv ntawm lub ntsiab bar. Siv lub tsev theem thiab cov kav dej, nws yuav ua tau los soj ntsuam seb puas muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab kev nqes hav. Rigidity tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev txuas cov racks nrog jibs. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom ib ntus tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus tswv tuaj yeem pib kho cov jumpers longitudinal. Hauv qhov no, txoj cai "groove to groove" yuav tsum tau siv. Tab sis thaum zawm, koj yuav tsum siv cov ntsia hlau 100 hli. Tom qab tag nrho cov saum toj no ua hauj lwm, koj muaj peev xwm mus rau sheathing nrog edged boards, thiaj li hais tias koj tau ib tug ruaj khov ntaub thaiv npog. Qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib yuav tsum tau tso tseg tsis tiav.
phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev
Cov khoom siv organic lossis inorganic tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Nws raug tso cai siv cov av nplaum nthuav dav lossis slag. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, koj yuav tsum tau npaj rau lub fact tias cov backfill yuav sag dhau lub sij hawm thiab lub rwb thaiv tsev theem yuav qis dua. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nws yog ua tib zoo rammed. Cov khoom xaiv rau insulating cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev thav duab yuav tsum muaj qhov ntom ntawm tsis pub tshaj 600 kilograms ib cubic meter. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rwb thaiv tsev yog ua npuas ncauj thiab ntxhia wool.
Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw nyob qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub kub nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txias tsis poob qis dua -20 degrees, ces nthuav av nplaum los yog slag yuav siv tau. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev ua ntej rwb thaiv tsev muab rau kev siv cov dej tsis zoo. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev thiab sab nrauv phab ntsa. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv zaj duab xis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv no tsis zoo li qub. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem nyiam daim ntawv parchment. Nws yog txiav mus rau hauv nyias ib daim hlab thiab tsau rau ntawm phab ntsa nrog kev pab los ntawm rails. Cov khoom siv sib tshooj, thiab rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov phab ntsa koj yuav tsum ua kom sib tshooj ntawm 20 centimeters.
Kev siv cov khoom siv board
Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thaum slab rwb thaiv tsev zoo li cov ntaub plaub mos mos tso cai rau koj ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lub sijhawm luv dua. Mineral wool yog tsau nrog cov tuav, hla ntu ntawm 15x20 centimeters. Lawv yog cov khoom vertically. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm rwb thaiv tsevsab hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev yog hemmed nrog ib tug grooved board. Nws nyob horizontally mus rau yav tas los tsau ncej racks. Lub phab ntsa sab hauv, los yog, lub sheathing, yuav tsum ncav cuag cov floorboards kom thaum lub hauv pem teb yog ntsia, lawv mus rau hauv qab phab ntsa.
Yuav ua li cas ua lub qab nthab?
Kev tsim vaj tsev nyob, thev naus laus zis uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus, muab rau lub qab nthab ntawm theem tom ntej. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj xav tau cov kab lossis cov cav rau cov kab teeb ci. Coniferous ntoo yog haum. Cov cav yuav tsum tau qhuav zoo rau ob peb lub hlis. Npaj edged, nplaig-thiab-groove softwood boards, lub thickness ntawm uas txawv ntawm 25 mus rau 28 hli. Rau racks, ib lub bar yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig, ntu ntu uas yog 100x80 centimeters. Raws li cov khoom siv fastening, koj tuaj yeem siv lub tsev brackets, nrog rau cov ntsia hlau, qhov ntev yog ob npaug ntawm cov thickness ntawm lub qab nthab siv.
Kev teeb tsa lub qab nthab
Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev thav duab muaj ntau yam zoo. Nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, piv txwv li, los tsim ib lub tsev zoo li no yooj yim heev. Thaum txhim kho qab nthab kab teeb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab teeb, koj yuav tsum ua ib lub quarter qauv raws li tag nrho qhov ntev. Tom qab ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom pib nrog lub installation ntawm kab teeb. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws muaj peev xwm mus navigate los ntawm cov thawj thiab zaum kawg cov ntsiab lus uas tau ntsia raws li beacons. Qhov tseeb ntawm lawv qhov kev teeb tsa yog kuaj los ntawm qib tsev. Txhim kho cov kab teeb rau cov ntoo uas txuas lub thav duab ntawm lub tsev,nqa tawm nrog hlau lossis ntoo spikes. Koj tuaj yeem siv 150 hli ntsia hlau lossis staples.
Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev monolithic-thav duab tau tsim yuav luag raws li tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus raws li tus ncej. Rau kev txhim kho lub qab nthab raws li cov txheej txheem no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov kab teeb uas muaj qhov ntev ntev. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov pob qij txha. Raws li cov kab teeb, 50 hli ua ke boards tuaj yeem siv tau. Lawv raug kho ua ke nrog bolts lossis lwm yam fastener.
Txhim kho kev txhawb nqa
Xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv vaj tsev nyob, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kev txhawb nqa yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev npaj tsim. Qhov no yuav tsum tau yog li ntawd yav tom ntej nws yuav muaj peev xwm siv lawv rau kev tsim kho ntawm sab hauv partitions. Ua ntej pib lub installation, koj yuav tsum ua cov cim rau hauv pem teb. Ib nqaj yog nteg nyob rau hauv nws, uas yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus qis ntawm qhov muab faib. Grooves yog tsim nyob rau hauv nws rau kev sib txuas nrog racks, nyob rau hauv uas yuav tsum tau muab ib qho kev sib txuas. Tom qab cov nqaj qis tau ntxiv dag zog rau hauv pem teb, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Lawv yuav tsum yog cov ntoo.
Lub tsev bracket yuav ua raws li cov khoom sib txuas. Kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm thav duab vaj huam sib luag vaj tsev tsim muab rau kev tsim cov qauv hauv pem teb kom ruaj khov rau kev txhim kho partitions. Nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum pib txuas cov laug cam rau cov kab teeb ntawm phab ntsa. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no nws yuav yooj yim rau nruab ib lub ntsia hlau nrog ib qhoboards nyob rau hauv qhov zawj ntawm lwm tus. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov khoom zoo li no nyob hauv tsev. Txhim kho cov laug cam rau cov kab teeb yog ua tiav nrog cov ntsia hlau. Yog hais tias lub thickness ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yog 30 hli, qhov ntev ntawm tus ntsia thawv yuav tsum yog 60 hli.
ru tsev installation
Tsev txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim vaj huam sib luag vaj huam sib luag yog siv niaj hnub no hauv kev tsim kho lub tsev ntau zaus. Yog tias koj tseem txiav txim siab ua raws li qhov piv txwv ntawm ntau, ces koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas lub ru tsev raug teeb tsa. Thaum xub thawj, cov rafters raug ntsia, tom qab ntawd cov rwb thaiv tsev yog pw thiab lub crate yog teem, nrog rau cov txee-lattice. Tom qab ntawd tus tswv yuav tsum ua tiav kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv vov tsev thiab ua tiav cov haujlwm los ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom tiav ntawm cov qauv.
Ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus
Cov ceg rafter yuav tsum tau nruab tom qab lub qab nthab kab teeb tau ruaj khov. Lawv kuj hu ua Mauerlats. Hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm rafters, koj tuaj yeem siv lub bar nrog ib ntu ntawm 50x150 millimeters. Qhov loj ntawm 50x200 millimeters yog zoo meej. Txhawm rau pib, npaj ib daim qauv rau ob txhais ceg rafter. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum siv ob lub rooj tsav xwm uas sib tshooj ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Nyob rau saum lawv yuav tsum tau txuas nrog ib tug ntsia thawv. Lub template nce mus rau lub ru tsev thiab ntsia rau ntawm Mauerlats. Txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov laug cam tuaj yeem hloov kho. Cov npoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm 40-60 centimeters, thiaj li ua kom yooj yim rau kev npaj cov dej ntws tom qab.
Tsuas tau txoj kab nqes hav, nws raug ntsia ntawm ob txhais ceg rafterhla bar. Nws tso cai rau koj kho lub kaum sab xis. Ob khub ntawm rafters tau sib sau ua ke rau cov qauv tsim, uas tau teeb tsa raws cov npoo. Cov ntsiab lus txuas nrog ib nrab ib tsob ntoo nrog tuab bolts. Hauv av, koj tuaj yeem sau cov naj npawb ntawm cov rafters uas yuav tsum tau sawv thiab tau nruab nrog ib kauj ruam ntawm ib puag ncig. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, tus tswv tuaj yeem pib ua kom sov.
Zoo kawg
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau kev siv tshuab ntawm precast-monolithic thav duab vaj tse, ces koj yuav tsum paub tias nws yog raws li kev siv lub tswv yim tsim. Cov qauv no qhia txog lub thav duab-bonded system ntawm pem teb slabs, kab, thiab crossbars. Lawv yog cov heev ruaj khov interconnected thiab tsim ib qho kev txhawb nqa ncej. Koj tuaj yeem siv tag nrho cov lus qhia qhia hauv kab lus. Thiab ces koj lub tsev yuav muaj zog, ruaj khov, txhim khu kev qha thiab xis.
