Pile-grillage foundation rau lub tsev: kev tsim kho tshuab, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Cov txheej txheem:

Pile-grillage foundation rau lub tsev: kev tsim kho tshuab, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Pile-grillage foundation rau lub tsev: kev tsim kho tshuab, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Video: Pile-grillage foundation rau lub tsev: kev tsim kho tshuab, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Video: Pile-grillage foundation rau lub tsev: kev tsim kho tshuab, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Video: За 30 дней освойте 1000 английских слов | День 4 | Английский словарь 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
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Cov tuam txhab tsim kho niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam kev tsim qauv rau kev teeb tsa tus nqi pheej yig thiab lub sijhawm ntawd txhim khu kev qha. Kev xaiv kev sib haum xeeb feem ntau yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm ob txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim lub hauv paus cab kuj. Lub tswv yim no siv tag nrho rau lub hauv paus-grillage, uas yog thawj zaug tsom rau cov qauv ntoo, tab sis raws li nws txhim kho, nws pib siv rau cov vaj tse pob zeb zoo li.

Technology overview

Lub tsev yog teem rau ntawm lub platform monolithic (grillage), uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog raws li load-bearing pawg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, nws yuav tsum tau tsim cov qhov dej thiab ua tib zoo xam cov load-bearing qauv uas yuav faib lub load los ntawm lub tsev thav duab. Muaj cov hauv paus no thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hauv paus sawb.

Nws raug nquahu kom them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau lub trench, raws licov kab uas cov pawg yuav raug ntsia. Kev teeb tsa ntawm lawv qhov kev tso kawm tuaj yeem yog checkerboard, ntom, ib leeg lossis kab txaij. Piv txwv li, nws raug nquahu kom nteg ib pawg-grillage hauv paus rau aerated qhob raws li ob txoj kab txoj kab, uas cov kabmob txhawb nqa tau nruab rau hauv ob kab. Rau lub tsev da dej los yog sennik, nws yog qhov ua tau kom kaw nws tus kheej mus rau qhov tsis tshua muaj kev npaj ntawm ib pawg, thiab cov tsev lag luam thiab ob-zaj tsev tsev raug tsim tsa rau ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tuav los ntawm ib pawg tuab ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev koom ua ke hauv cov qauv checkerboard.

Pib twg siv?

Pile-grillage foundation rau lub tsev
Pile-grillage foundation rau lub tsev

Txhua hom kev tsav tsheb thiab cov ntsia hlau ntsia hlau yog siv, tab sis nws yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov kev txhawb nqa yuav tsum tso cai rau kev nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov rammed pob zeb lossis cov yeeb nkab casing. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv, pawg-grillage foundation technology xyaum tsis txwv kev txwv - nyob ntawm seb lub load, ntoo, hlau, qhob, thiab txawm composites yuav siv tau. Tab sis feem ntau cov hlau pawg tau siv vim lawv qhov ua tau zoo, ua haujlwm ntev thiab kev ntseeg tau.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ntxiv muaj peev xwm ua ke cov khoom txhawb nqa nrog tib lub grillage thiab casing. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob sib txuas, kev txhawb nqa thiab vuam tshuab tuaj yeem siv tau. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke rau lub hauv paus monolithic-grillage, txij li ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho me me ntxiv cov pob zeb tso cai rau koj nqa cov khoom hnyav los ntawm tus ncej yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv.

Npaj qhov chaw tsim kho

Pib nrog, nws tsim nyog qhiahom av uas, hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev tsim kho ntawm pawg-grillage bearing puag yog tso cai. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov av tsis muaj zog thiab tsis ruaj khov uas nyob rau hauv cov kua dej-yas lub xeev thiab nquag o. Qhov no siv tau rau cov xuab zeb, loam, hav zoov thiab cov nroj tsuag npog, qhov zoo ntawm qhov tsis tso cai rau kev teeb tsa ntawm daim kab xev mus tas li thiab cov qauv monolithic.

teeb meem av npaj li cas? Sab saum toj fertile txheej yog kiag li tshem tawm nrog rau turf thiab keeb kwm. Tom ntej no, lub cim ntawm thaj chaw yog nqa tawm, uas lub hauv paus-grillage nrog trench yuav teem. Cov ceg txheem ntseeg yuav tsum tau kos cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom thiab cov contours ntawm cov plag tsev. Ib txoj hlua rub ntawm lawv nruj me ntsis raws li qib.

Txhim kho cov dhuav pawg

Grilled foundation rau pawg tsav tsheb
Grilled foundation rau pawg tsav tsheb

Ib lub trench tab tom khawb nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov partitions ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej ncej. Nyob rau hauv qhov tob, nws kuj tuaj yeem ua raws li cov qauv kab xev, tab sis hauv txoj cai, pawg-grillage foundation yog ntiav, yog li 50 cm yuav txaus. Ntxiv mus, kev ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub trench rau nruab pawg, thiab qhov no yuav xav tau qhov chaw ntxiv.

Cov ntsiab lus dhuav tau teem rau qhov tob ntawm 150-200 cm. Hauv qab, lub hauv ncoo 20-30 cm tuab yog teem rau ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb. Tom qab ntawd ib qho kev txhawb nqa yog ntsia, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov dej yog them nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev, thiab cov yeeb nkab casing yog raus rau hauv lub niche nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua kom lub durability ntawm pawg-grillagelub hauv paus rau lub tsev, qee zaum borehole blasting cov tswv yim kuj tau siv los nthuav qhov qis ntawm cov cog, uas yog tom qab ntawd nchuav nrog pob zeb mortar. Koj yuav tsum tau sau tag nrho cov niche ntawm cov kav dej.

Txhim kho cov ntsia hlau pawg

Drills rau pawg-grillage foundation
Drills rau pawg-grillage foundation

Cov txheej txheem no haum rau lub teeb thiab cov tsev me me - piv txwv li, aerated qhob lossis ntoo. Cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa yog immersed los ntawm 50-70 cm. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, phau ntawv tsim lub qhov dej yog qhov zoo ntawm cov ntsia hlau pawg-grillage foundation. Nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, siv lub laum, koj tuaj yeem laum lub qhov ntawm qhov xav tau qhov tob yam tsis tau txuas cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ntxig ib pawg rau hauv qhov chaw ua si uas npaj tau, thiab txuas lub zog rau nws sab sauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm sib hloov ntawm kev txhawb nqa, lub qhov dej me me txog li 100 cm yuav raug tsim, tab sis qhov kev ua haujlwm no yuav tsum tau ua nrog tus khub uas yuav ua kom muaj kev tswj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm txoj hlua xyaum.

Qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw ntawm pawg yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kab rov tav - uas yog, qhov chaw tso rau tib kab. Tom qab kev txhim kho cov kab, nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau cov niches nrog pob zeb mortar. Teeb meem thaum siv cov ntsia hlau pawg-grillage foundation tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm cov av permafrost. Cov av zoo li no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lawv qhov ntom ntom, uas tseem ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov haum ntawm cov kabmob. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv dej khov thaum lub sij hawm drilling, nws cov kev rov qab los tom ntej yuav cuam tshuam txoj hauj lwm ntawm pawg txheeb ze rau ntsug. Yog li ntawd, rau qee lub sijhawm tom qab drilling,Txhim kho cov pawg hauv cov cement mortar nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb.

Cov cuab yeej grillage thiab strapping

Ntoo pawg-grillage foundation
Ntoo pawg-grillage foundation

Thaum cov kev txhawb nqa tau txais lub zog txaus, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub platform sab saud. Formwork yog nqa tawm raws li yav tas los tsim trench, hauv qab ntawm uas yuav tsum tau muab nrog ib tug xuab zeb cushion nrog ib tug tuab txheej ntawm geotextile-raws li insulator. Tom qab ntawd ib lub thav duab reinforcing yog tsim los ntawm hlau rods 8-10 mm tuab. Tom qab ntawd, cov ncej yog poured nyob rau hauv lub pawg-grillage foundation nruj me ntsis nyob rau theem ntawm lub trench. Thaum cov screed hardens, koj tuaj yeem disassemble lub formwork thiab pib txhim kho cov grillage.

Nyob rau theem no, cov kev sib txawv kuj tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog los txhim kho cov qauv hlau raws li I-beams thiab channel. Trimming cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau loj yog ua nrog lub grinder ntawm 45-degree lub kaum sab xis. Cov pob qij txha yog fastened nrog ob welding thiab ntxiv twisted nrog bolts. Xws li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tuaj yeem siv rau cov tsev nyob hauv nroog uas ua los ntawm cib lossis pob zeb, thiab rau cov tsev sib sib zog nqus, cov qauv tsim ntawm cov kab ntoo kuj tsim nyog.

Qhov zoo ntawm Technology

Pile-grillage foundation technology
Pile-grillage foundation technology

Xyaum txhua lub zog ntawm kev siv lub hauv paus zoo li no los ua kom zoo rau kev tsim kho. Qhov no tau nthuav tawm hauv kev txo nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv, qee zaum nyob rau hauv kev tso tseg ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab txo cov sij hawm tsim kho. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, huab cua tsis cuam tshuam rau lub cuab yeejpawg-grillage foundation. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo kuj tsim nyog saib xyuas. Tau kawg, tsis muaj lus nug txog kev sib piv ntawm lub zog nrog monolithic platforms thiab daim kab xev puag, tab sis qhov yooj ntawm tus qauv tsim tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb tsim lub grillage ntawm pawg, tsis hais tus yam ntxwv ntawm thaj av.

Flaws of technology

Pile pawg-grillage foundation
Pile pawg-grillage foundation

Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus no tsis yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws, uas txwv tsis pub siv rau ntau lub tsev peev. Hauv kev tsim kho tus kheej, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yog qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm cov plag tsev hauv qab daus nrog rau hauv qab daus. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias qee qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm, pawg-grillage lub hauv paus rau lub tsev yuav tsum muaj kev suav nruj hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom. Qhov yuam kev hauv qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li kev tsim kho ntawm tib lub hauv paus monolithic. Piv txwv li, shrinkage nrog ib qho chaw ruaj khov tsis txaus ntawm pawg tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev.

Zoo kawg

Trench pawg-grillage foundation
Trench pawg-grillage foundation

Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tej yaam num rau private tsev, architects feem ntau ntsib teeb meem ntawm combining ob peb tsis sib haum xeeb kev tsim tsis. Piv txwv li, txoj hauj lwm tej zaum yuav yog los tsim kom tau ib tug haumxeeb, pheej yig thiab txhim khu kev qha lub tsev nrog ib tug tag nrho ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv insulating zog ntawm tus ncej. Yog li ntawd, qhov txo qis ntawm tus nqi ntawm qhov project ua rau kev tso tseg ntawm ntau cov kev daws teeb meem thev naus laus zis,siv, nrog rau ntawm lub hauv paus theem. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub hauv paus xws li rau qhov loj txiav txim siab txog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej.

Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsuas yog pawg-grillage lub hauv paus, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo uas tuaj yeem hloov kho thaum siv. Piv txwv li, qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov cab kuj tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm theem ntawm kev tsim thawj pem teb nyob rau hauv lub thav duab ntawm lub tsev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tuaj yeem txhim kho - cov hlau platform, tshwj xeeb, yog ntxiv nrog cov insulators. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo ntawm lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev txuag nyiaj txiag thiab kev tsim kho siab yuav nyob twj ywm.

Pom zoo: