Cov khw muag khoom kho vajtse niaj hnub no muab ntau yam khoom siv thiab tshuab, sib txawv tus nqi thiab lub hom phiaj. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog aerated qhob. Nws tsis siv rau kev tsim kho tshiab, tab sis qhov loj tshaj plaws tau raug sau tseg hauv kaum xyoo dhau los. Vim muaj kev nce qib, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg txaus siab rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas nteg aerated pob zeb nrog lawv tus kheej tes.
Ntse
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov pob zeb aerated yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom tsim ua ntej sib xyaw hauv dej, xws li cov cement, txiv qaub, xuab zeb thiab roj tsim cov khoom ntxiv. Cov qauv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj ntau ntawm cov cellular me me pores, uas yog vim li cas cov blocks yog characterized los ntawm cov voids loj. Cov khoom yog tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm raug kub thiab siab, ua raws li los ntawm kev kho nyob rau hauv ib tug autoclave. Tus nqi ntawm phab ntsa aerated qhob txawv ntawm 50 mus rau 100 rubles ib daim, nyob ntawm seb qhov loj me.
Cov blocks muaj qhov loj me me, vim lawv tsis uayuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Nws tseem tuaj yeem txiav cov duab uas xav tau nrog tus qauv ntoo saw.
Flaws
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no tsis yog thoob ntiaj teb, thiab ntau tus neeg nyiam siv lwm txoj hauv kev. Qhov no yog vim muaj tus lej txaus ntawm qhov tsis txaus, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Txhob Cia Siab. Yog hais tias qhov kev tso ntawm aerated qhob yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam nrog seismological kev ua si, nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias av txav yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub tsev. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm thaj chaw. Muab hais tias qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom yog yooj yim puas nrog lub hau ntswj, nws tau pom tseeb tias nws yuav tsum tau siv cov fasteners tshwj xeeb los hloov lub load thaum kho rooj tog rau phab ntsa thiab tsim engineering systems.
- YHygroscopicity. Txo cov cuab yeej no yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua, vim muaj ntau qhov pores uas ua rau muaj kev nqus dej noo los ntawm ib puag ncig. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nrog txias winters thiab kub summers. Hygroscopicity ua rau nce qib ntawm cov av noo nyob rau hauv cov qauv, kuj tseem muaj cov kab nrib pleb ntawm cov phab ntsa, txij li cov pob zeb aerated masonry absorbs dej, uas pib khov ntawm qhov kub thiab nthuav, ua rau cov khoom puas.
Qhov tsis zoo uas tau hais los saum no, txawm tias hnyav heev, tuaj yeem daws tau. Haum rau dowels rau mounting,Cov rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo noo noo yuav tsis ua rau lawv.
Khoom siv thiab cuab yeej
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum npaj cov hauv qab no:
- cement mortar;
- special nplaum;
- level;
- trowel;
- rebar;
- roj hmab mallet;
- spatula;
- sib tsoo board.
Kev siv kua nplaum
Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv nrog cov qib siab ntawm kev nqus dej, xws li cov pob zeb aerated, qhov nruab nrab qhov loj ntawm 30x20x60 cm, thiab ua npuas ncauj ua npuas ncauj. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev ua thiab muab tso rau qhov tshwm sim.
Kev siv cov kua nplaum tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem. Tag nrho cov Cheebtsam tsuas yog tov nyob rau hauv lub proportions. Kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim heev uas siv lub laum tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom sib txuas.
Thaum siv cov khoom hauv ib txheej ntawm 1 cm, txog 1.5 kg ntawm qhuav compound yog xav tau rau 1 square meter ntawm blocks. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm irregularities, noj cov kua nplaum nce. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom sib tov ntawm cov nplua-grained, uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim "txias txuas hniav".
Qhov zoo ntawm cov nplaum
Cov kua nplaum rau cov roj thaiv muaj ntau yam zoo uas cov cement mortar tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm. Fractional xuab zeb thiab Portland MAAs muaj nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov sib tov nyob rau hauv ib txheej nyias, uas txo kev noj tsis hloov qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas.yam ntxwv. Adhesive zog thiab niaj hnub filling yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom siv polymer rau cov khoom sib xyaw. Kev khaws cia noo yog muab los ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb hloov kho.
Kev kho ntawm cov nplaum yog qhov tsis muaj qhov shrinkage, nws kuj yog dej resistant, plasticity thiab txaus adhesion. Thaum siv cov khoom siv no, kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov thaiv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm hauv 10-20 feeb, txog 5 feeb yog faib rau kev kho. Tom qab kev npaj, qhov sib tov yuav tsum tau siv tsis pub dhau peb teev tom qab. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, lub sij hawm ntawm kev siv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog txo. Thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau lub thickness ntawm cov pob qij txha thiab ua tiav ntawm lawv filling.
Kev nce qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm
Aerated qhob masonry thev naus laus zis suav nrog kev tsim kho lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, uas ua raws li lub hauv paus rau thawj kab ntawm cov blocks. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm 60-80 cm los ntawm cov av saum npoo av. Yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj dej tsis zoo ntawm cov pob zeb aerated thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev.
Rau qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm thawj kab, kev daws teeb meem yog siv, faib rau ntawm cov txheej txheem dej. Kev tso cov phab ntsa aerated, tsis hais hom qauv, yog ib txwm ua los ntawm lub ces kaum. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, ib txoj hlua txuas ua ntej tensioned nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv, nrog rau qhov tseeb installation ntawm tag nrho cov blocks raug soj ntsuam, thaum lub tsev theem yog ntxiv rau kev txheeb xyuas. Cov roj hmab rauj tso cai rau koj hloov qhov kev npaj ntawm cov khoom. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov nplaum sib tov tsis tsim nyog thaum siv cov blocks nrognplaig-thiab-groove system. Tus nqi ntawm no hom aerated qhob yog hais txog 100 rubles ib daim. Txhua qhov tsis sib xws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tom qab txhua kab tau teeb tsa, tom qab ntawd siv lub sanding board rau grouting.
Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv yuav tsum tau pom ua ntej. Vim lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov pa hacksaw. Ib txoj hlua saw tuaj yeem siv los xyuas kom muaj kev txiav smoother. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txhua zaus qhov tseeb yuav tsum tau ntsuas siv square.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm kab txuas ntxiv yog ua tiav tom qab 2-3 teev txij li lub sijhawm tso qhov qis dua tiav. Lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm cov blocks yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau txhua kab. Cov ntsiab lus Protruding raug kho raws sij hawm nrog cov roj hmab mallet.
Ntse
Txhim cov pob zeb aerated yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua raws li cov cai rau kev sib txuas cov phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv cov partitions sab hauv, txhua kab thib ob yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas nrog lub ntsiab phab ntsa, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov brackets los yog anchors, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug perforated galvanized sawb yog tsau. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab txog hydro thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm sab hauv partitions.
Kev npaj cov slabs ntawm cov plag tsev yuav tsum muab kev txhawb nqa rau txoj siv sia. Nws yog ua nyob rau hauv kab kawg ntawm cov blocks thiab yog ib tug pob zeb siv nrog kev txhawb zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm reinforcing ntsiab. Nws muaj ntau yam haujlwm, suav nrog: kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom thauj los ntawm lub ru tsev truss system, tiv thaiv phab ntsa ntawm kev tawg. Txuas phab ntsaNrog lub ru tsev, Mauerlat yog siv, uas yog tsau rau ntawm txoj siv armored.
Structure reinforcement
Aerated qhob, qhov ntev ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab cov duab, piv txwv li, qhov ntev ntawm ib qho ncaj thaiv rau kev tsim cov partitions yog 600x250x150 mm, yog cov khoom tsis yooj yim thiab yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntxiv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog txhawm rau txo cov load exerted los ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev los yog cov plag tsev. Masonry reinforcement muab cov qauv tsim muaj zog ntxiv thiab ua rau muaj kev pab cuam lub neej.
Ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua ntawm thawj kab, nrog rau txhua qhov thib peb. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj siv sia nyob hauv qab lub qab nthab interfloor, qhov rais thiab qhov rooj qhib tau ntxiv dag zog.
Grooves raug txiav raws ib puag ncig ntawm phab ntsa masonry rau mounting reinforcement. Feem ntau, ob lub strips nrog qhov dav tsis ntau tshaj 4 cm yog txaus, lawv yuav tsum nyob deb ntawm 6-8 cm ntawm ib leeg. Rau pouring, ib qho kev daws teeb meem semi-kua rau nteg aerated qhob yog siv, cov strobes yog ua ntej ntxuav ntawm plua plav. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog immersed kiag li nyob rau hauv qhov kev daws teeb meem, txoj kab uas hla yuav tsum yog li 10 hli. Cov tshuaj uas tau dhau mus rau saum npoo yog tam sim ntawd tshem tawm. Tso cov kab tom ntej no tuaj yeem ua tiav tam sim ntawd, tsis tas yuav tos kom lub mortar kom qhuav.
Ua haujlwm thaum lub caij txias
Nws yog ntshaw kom nteg cov phab ntsa ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, txwv tsis pub yuav muaj nqi ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Kua nplaum raucov roj thaiv muaj dej txaus, vim tias nws sai sai khov rau hauv Frost thiab tsis muaj sijhawm los kho cov qauv.
Tsim cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kabmob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua tau muab qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub tsis qis dua -6 ° C, tseem yuav tsum tsis txhob ncua lub sijhawm khov ntawm cov qauv thiab nag lossis daus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tov yuav tsum tau siv, uas muaj xws li antifreeze additives. Cov sib tov tiav yog siv li ntawm 30 feeb, thaum cov dej kub yog siv rau kev npaj. Blocks yog tam sim ntawd nteg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov txheej ntawm kua nplaum, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Txwv tsis pub, qhov loj yuav dhau los ua dej khov thiab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw no yuav ua tsis tau. Zaj duab xis yog siv los npog kab kawg.
Nyiaj thiab cov khoom txuag
Blocks yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Yog tias tsawg kawg ib hlis dhau los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev yuav khoom siv, cov ntim khoom qub tsis raug tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom siv, uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm ib puag ncig. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ob peb hnub ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, kom cov dej noo ntau dhau sijhawm evaporate.
Tus nqi ntawm kev tso aerated qhob blocks cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqi tsheb thauj mus los, cov khoom ntawm nws tus kheej thiab tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho. Nws tseem tsim nyog nco ntsoov qhov ntim ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab lub caij nyoog, uas tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj.
Tus nqi ntawm ib lub cubic meter ntawm cov khoom nyob ntawm qhov cim ntawm cov blocks, qhov ntsuas lub zog thiab nyob hauv2000-4500 rubles. Lwm yam tseem ceeb, ntxiv rau qhov yuav ntim thiab lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo, kuj suav nrog cov khoom muaj thiab cov chaw tsim khoom.
