"Yuav pib qhov twg?" - tej zaum cov lus nug ntau tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim ntawm txhua tus neeg uas xav txog yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej nrog lawv tus kheej tes. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los pib los ntawm kev tsim cov phiaj xwm ntxaws (qhov project), uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov nuances ntawm kev ua haujlwm tom ntej. Koj tuaj yeem schematically piav qhia koj cov kev xav ntawm ib daim ntawv lossis siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm tus tsim qauv. Tsis ntev los no, ntau thiab ntau lub khw muag khoom muab qhov kev pabcuam no dawb thaum xaiv thiab yuav khoom. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias koj nyiam qhov version ntawm qhov project. Ua tib zoo saib cov no:
- Ua ntej tshaj, qhov no yog qhov kev npaj. Yog tias chav dej me me, nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau kev npaj qhov chaw ntawm chav da dej, dab dej, chav dej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom xav zoo. Puas yog nws npaj rau nruab ib qho khoom siv (piv txwv li, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws). Feem ntau, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws tau nruab rau hauv chav dej, uas yuav tsum muaj ib tus neegdej thiab dej, thiab hluav taws xob.
- Yuav muaj cua sov hauv qab hauv chav dej. Yog muaj, qhov twg.
- Qhov twg cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, teeb, lub qhov hluav taws xob yuav raug teeb tsa.
- Cov khoom siv twg yuav siv rau phab ntsa, qab nthab thiab hauv pem teb.
Kev xaiv thiab yuav khoom
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv, coj tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm kev nyiam, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis txhob ntshai mus sim, piv txwv li, ua ke nrog cov vuas (lossis hloov nws), koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv ntsa thiab xim. Yog li, lo lus nug "yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej" yuav yooj yim los yog tshem tawm tag nrho. Ntawm lub qab nthab, koj tuaj yeem nruab ntau hom panels lossis pleev xim rau nws. Tab sis qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog stretch ceilings. Yog hais tias cov phab ntsa yuav tsum tau leveled, ces cov plaster sib tov yuav tsum yog cement-based. Ua ntej mus rau lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse, koj yuav tsum ntsuas chav kom raug raws li qhov ua tau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis txaus lossis, qhov sib txawv, cov khoom siv ntau dhau.
Kev Ua Haujlwm
Conventionally, kev ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm "yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas nyob rau hauv lub chav da dej" yuav muab faib ua ob theem: kev npaj thiab tiav. Nyob rau theem kev npaj, feem ntau siv zog ua haujlwm thiab "qhuav" hom haujlwm tau ua:
- Dismantling. Tsis tsim nyog partitions thiab ntau yam qauv yog demolished. Cov npoo yog ntxuav ntawm cov khoom qub. Cov ntawv yog ua rau ntawm phab ntsa yog tias, piv txwv li, cov phab ntsa tau pleev xim rau yav dhau los.
- Kev txhim kho cov xaim hluav taws xob, cov kav dej kav dej thiab cov dej xa tawm tau ua tiav.
- Kev teeb tsa cua sov hauv qab (yog tias muaj).
- Txoj phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb (yogxav tau).
- Cov qauv tshiab (lub thawv, niches) lossis cov khoom faib tau raug txhim tsa. Cov khoom sib txawv, tab sis feem ntau nws yog noo noo resistant drywall los yog blocks.
theem tiav yog twb ncaj qha ua tiav raws li cov khoom xaiv:
- Phab ntsa thiab pem teb tiling thiab grout.
- Painting lossis wallpapering (yog tias tsim nyog).
- Kev txhim kho cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom tsim nyog.
Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob thiab kav dej
Cov haujlwm no tau ua tiav ntawm theem kev npaj thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Lawv suav nrog chasing phab ntsa thiab tso cov cables mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov (socket) yav tom ntej, keyboards, sensors thiab teeb. Cov qhov (socket) raug ntsia. Qhov tob ntawm lub strobe nyob ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub cable.
Yog tias kev teeb tsa cov kav dej thiab cov kav dej tau muab zais, ces nws tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom hollow tawm phab ntsa mus rau qhov tuab ntawm cov kav dej. Xwb, koj tuaj yeem mount cov thawv ntim cov phab ntsa. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov phab ntsa monolithic, vim tias nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem ua rau hollow tawm strobe rau cov kav dej.
Kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem qhib, txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov nyiam thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm chav dej. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tam sim ntawd xyuas tag nrho cov nodes thiab kev sib txuas rau kev ua haujlwm. Cov strobes raug kaw nrog plaster mix lossis pobzeb nplaum.
Txhim kho cov cua sov hauv qab
Kev daws teeb meem zoo rau cov neeg uas ntsib cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej." Rau chav dej, muaj ob hom:
- Cov cua sov hauv pem tebntsia ua ntej tiling. Sawv cev rau cov khoom cua sov (feem ntau yog ib lub cable los yog lub tshuab cua sov). Muaj nrog lossis tsis muaj lub sensor. Kev tswj tau ua tiav siv lub ntsuas sov.
- Cov cua kub hauv av yog tsim rau cov neeg uas muaj cua sov los yog lub rhaub dej. Sib txawv hauv kev teeb tsa nyuaj dua, tab sis kuj tseem txuag nyiaj ntau dua hauv kev sib piv nrog hluav taws xob hauv qab cua sov. Installation yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev theem. Ua li no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov txheej ntawm cov qub screed nyob rau hauv qhov chaw xaiv thiab nteg ib tug yeeb nkab (feem ntau yog hlau-yas) thiab txuas mus rau lub gas boiler manifold. Qhov tob yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 3-5 centimeters los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Sau nrog cement-xuab zeb sib tov. Tom qab ncuav lub screed, koj tuaj yeem qhib qhov cua sov tsis pub dhau peb lub lis piam tom qab.
Txoj phab ntsa thiab pem teb
Yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej ntawm phab ntsa? Ntawm no, ntau nyob ntawm phab ntsa, los yog es, nyob ntawm seb lawv qhov chaw du npaum li cas. Yog li ntawd, ib lo lus nug tsim nyog tshwm sim: rau plaster phab ntsa los yog tsis? Tsis muaj kev pom zoo dav dav, ntau nyob ntawm chav tshwj xeeb, tab sis, piv txwv li, yog tias cov phab ntsa tsis sib xws, ces kev noj cov nplais nplaum yuav nce mus txog ob zaug. Yog li ntawd, yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qib siab dua 1-2 centimeters nyob rau hauv qhov ntev thiab qhov siab, nws raug nquahu kom plaster nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog lub ces kaum ntawm chav tsev yog tig (ntau tshaj 90 degrees), ces tus nqi ntawm cov kua nplaum kuj yuav nce.
Ua ntej plastering, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau kho cov phab ntsa nrog primer lossis pob zeb sib cuag (rau cov phab ntsa monolithic). Yog tias enamel yog thawj zaug siv rau ntawm phab ntsa, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum tau ua cov ntawv sau. RauKom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, siv cov cement-based stucco mix.
Txhua yam saum toj no siv rau poj niam txiv neej thiab.
Ib qho tsis sib xws (tsis yog theem) hauv pem teb yuav tsis tsuas saib tsis zoo, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau kev teeb tsa tsis raug ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab rooj tog. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los kho nws nrog lub teeb ci siv cov cement-xuab zeb sib tov. Yog tias tsim nyog, ua kom cov dej tsis muaj dej nrog qhov nce ntawm phab ntsa ntawm 15-20 centimeters.
Tile installation method
Tsis muaj lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej. Qee tus nyiam pib ntawm phab ntsa, thaum lwm tus pib rau hauv pem teb. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev siv tshuab, tsuas muaj me me nuances:
- Yog tias nws tau txiav txim siab pib nrog cov phab ntsa, tom qab ntawd ua ntej kos ib puag ncig ntawm chav tsev ntawm theem pib ntawm kab thib ob. Peb ntsuas qhov siab ntawm kab yav tom ntej, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub thickness ntawm cov vuas hauv pem teb thiab cov kua nplaum, muab lub cim. Siv lub laser theem, peb muab cov cim nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm chav tsev. Koj tuaj yeem kos ib kab nrog txoj cai ib txwm muaj lossis siv txoj hlua khi. Tam sim no nws tseem txuas cov lus qhia rau phab ntsa thiab mus ua haujlwm.
- Txoj kev thib ob yog pib tso cov vuas hauv pem teb. Tej zaum qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas thawj zaug ntsib nrog cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej. Feem ntau pib los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm qhov nkag. Tom qab cov kua nplaum qhuav lawm, koj tuaj yeem pib kho cov phab ntsa.
- Tseem muaj ib txoj hauv kev thib peb, txawm tias nws tsis tshua muaj, qhov no yog thaum cov vuas pib muab tso rau ntawm theem lawmntsia da dej. Ntawd yog, cov vuas tsis tau muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa tom qab chav dej. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, tej zaum, muaj ntau minuses tshaj pluses. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv feem ntau, thawj kab ntawm cov vuas nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho cov perimeter yuav tsum tau ua ntaub ntawv. Cov lus nug tseem ceeb heev: "Yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv qab da dej hauv qhov no?". Tab sis tsis muaj txoj hauv kev, cov pobzeb tau coj los rau hauv qab da dej kom tom qab ntawd lawv tau npog los ntawm lub vijtsam zoo nkauj.
Tseem muaj txoj hauv kev los ntawm hom layout:
- Direct layout, thaum cov vuas yog perpendicular rau phab ntsa. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws, vim nws tsis xav tau kev ntsuas ntxiv thiab cov nplais txiav.
- Diagonal, thaum kab ntawm daim phiaj khiav raws cov ces kaum, piv txwv li diagonally. Haum rau cov chav me me, vim nws pom qhov chaw nthuav dav. Ua kom cov vuas xav tau los ntawm 10-15%.
- Space layout. Tsis tshua muaj siv, feem ntau hauv chav loj siv cov vuas ntev.
Tseem cov vuas rau hauv pem teb
Thiab thaum kawg, tag nrho cov kev npaj ua tiav tiav, thiab koj tuaj yeem mus ncaj qha rau kev teeb tsa cov vuas. Yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej hauv pem teb? Qhov twg siv cov nplaum - ntawm cov vuas lossis hauv pem teb? Cov no thiab lwm cov lus nug yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj yog tias koj yog ib tug pib lossis txiav txim siab los kho koj tus kheej. Tab sis tsis txhob ntshai, txhua yam tsis txaus ntshai:
- Cov vuas pem teb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv pem teb raws phab ntsa los ntawm kaum ntawm qhov pib npaj. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj kom pom tias txawm lub dav hlau ntawm phab ntsa thiab lub ces kaum yog li cas. Yog tias nyob rau theem kev npaj cov phab ntsa thiab lub kaum sab xis tau sib dhos, ces qhov nokauj ruam tuaj yeem hla.
- Pobzeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib txoj kev uas qhov chaw qhib tshaj plaws hauv chav dej yog kab nrog tag nrho cov slabs (qhov kev teeb tsa tau txiav txim siab ntawm theem npaj). Yog hais tias lub layout yog diagonal, ces koj yuav tsum xub ua tus markup. Feem ntau pib ntawm phab ntsa mus rau qhov nkag.
- Cov kua nplaum tseem yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv pem teb nrog ib qho trowel lossis spatula nrog tus hniav loj ntawm 8-10 millimeters. Tau kawg, ntau tus qhia kom siv rau ntawm ob qhov chaw (hauv pem teb thiab ntawm cov nplais), tab sis qhov no yuav cuam tshuam qhov nrawm, thiab ntxiv rau, qhov kev txiav txim no tsis tseem ceeb. Yog tias cov screed tau ua raws li qib, ces cov kua nplaum yog siv rau hauv qab zuag (hauv pem teb), tiv thaiv kev nce ntawm cov kua nplaum thiab cov voids ntawm cov pobzeb thiab hauv pem teb.
- Lub tiaj tus ntawm cov slabs nteg yog kuaj xyuas siv txoj cai thiab qib tsev. Lub seams nruab nrab ntawm cov vuas yog tsau nrog crosses, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm phab ntsa yog tsau nrog cov pobzeb wedges.
- Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tshem tawm cov kua nplaum ntau dhau tam sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm cov hlua ntawm daim hlau. Raws li nws qhuav, qhov no yuav nyuaj dua ua thiab yuav ua rau cov pobzeb puas.
- Koj tuaj yeem taug kev lossis pib ua haujlwm ntxiv tom qab tsawg kawg 12 teev, txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov nplaum nplaum. Nws raug nquahu kom ntxuav tag nrho cov seams los ntawm cov nplaum residue.
Tseem cov vuas rau ntawm phab ntsa
Txawm tias xaiv txoj kev teeb tsa twg los xij, nws yuav tsis cuam tshuam li cas rau pobzeb hauv chav dej kom zoo. Txawm li cas los xij yuav raug. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tso phab ntsa yog thawj kab. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntxiv yuav nyob ntawm qhov tseeb installation ntawm thawj kab ntawm cov vuas. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas nteg vuas nyob rau hauv lub chav da dej, cov lus qhia hauv qab no yuav pab tau koj:
- Thawj kab yog nteg nruj raws li qib (ntu thiab kab rov tav). Koj tuaj yeem kho cov kab rov tav nrog kev pab los ntawm wedges, muab tso rau hauv qab pobzeb. Cov theem ntsug yog kho los ntawm nias lub pobzeb. Lub thickness ntawm seam yog tsau nrog crosses, feem ntau 1.5 millimeters.
- Lawv feem ntau pib ntawm phab ntsa tawm ntawm qhov nkag. Qhov no yog ua kom cov vuas nteg rau ntawm phab ntsa uas nyob ib sab npog cov npoo ntawm cov vuas nteg rau ntawm phab ntsa pem hauv ntej. Yog li qhov sib koom ua ke (sab hauv kaum) yuav pom tsawg dua. Tab sis yog tias koj npaj yuav siv cov pob zeb zoo nkauj, ces koj tuaj yeem pib nrog ib qho ntawm cov phab ntsa.
- Cov kua nplaum zoo dua rau ntawm cov pobzeb, yog li yuav muaj av tsawg. Tab sis yog tias cov phab ntsa tsis sib npaug me ntsis, ces nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov nplaum rau ob qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub thickness ntawm cov nplaum yuav nce, tab sis nws yuav tuaj yeem kho cov pobzeb yog tias phab ntsa "poob" (khoov, protrudes) rau hauv chav.
- Nws raug pom zoo kom ua ntej nteg tawm thawj kab nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd mus rau kab tom ntej. Qhov no yuav ua tau yooj yim dua los siv cov qib laser.
- Koj tuaj yeem txiav cov vuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis phau ntawv txiav cov nplais, nrog rau lub tshuab sib tsoo nrog lub pob zeb diamond ntsia rau ntawm nws. Peb ua qhov nrog cov laum ceramic lossis cov yas tshwj xeeb.
Tom qab cov pobzeb tau muab tso tag thiab cov kua nplaum tau qhuav, koj tuaj yeem pib grouting. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntxuav tag nrho cov seams los ntawm crosses, wedges thiab pobzeb nplaum residues. Feem ntau cov seams raug ntxuav tom qab hnub tom qab tso.
Diluted grout yog rubbed rau hauv cov seams nrog cov roj hmab spatula, ces ntxuav tawm nrog ib daim ntaub ntub dej los yog daim txhuam cev hauv ib ncig. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis txhob nias rau ntawm daim txhuam cev, kom tsis txhob plam cov seams uas tseem tsis tau qhuav. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob grout ntau dhau, feem ntau yog 1-1, 5 square meters yog rubbed, nws tag nrho nyob ntawm kev paub, thiab qee zaum hom grout.
Grout tuaj yeem tinted txhua xim nrog cov xim tsis tu ncua.
Tsis txhob ncaj cov seams nrog koj tus ntiv tes, raws li ntau tus neeg qhia, qhov no yuav ua rau koj txiav koj cov ntiv tes. Zoo dua siv cov raj tshwj xeeb (lawv tuaj nrog grout) lossis sab nraub qaum ntawm cov roj hmab spatula.
Tom qab cov dej dries (zoo dua rau hnub tom ntej), cov quav hniav tuaj yeem tshem tawm tau yooj yim los ntawm kev so ua ntej nrog ib daim ntaub qhuav thiab tom qab ntawd nrog cov ntaub ntub dej.
Txhim khoom siv thiab rooj tog zaum
Yog li peb xav txog cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas kom cov pobzeb hauv chav dej kom zoo, nws tsuas yog rau nruab cov khoom siv thiab rooj tog. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub da dej los yog da dej yog ntsia, thiab cov khoom no yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub chav nws tus kheej. Tom ntej no, txhua yam tau teeb tsa: lub tais tso quav, lub dab dej, txhua yam khoom siv thiab lwm yam khoom siv, nrog rau lub qhov (socket), keyboards thiab teeb.
Kho tiav thiab tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej. Yog tias txhua yam tau ua tiav lawm, ces koj yuav txaus siab rau kev kho kom ntev mus. Teeb meem thaj chawtuaj yeem raug kaw siv cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj sib txawv. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem muab chav dej coziness thiab kev zoo nkauj thiab hais txog nws tus kheej.
