Kev tiv thaiv hauv pem teb hauv chav dej yuav tsum tau ua vim qhov tseeb tias kev tsim ua haujlwm hauv chav no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws. Cov av noo yuav luag tas li nyob rau hauv nws thiab muaj coob tus engineering systems nyob. Ib lub thawv ntim dej hauv chav no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntxiv rau hauv pem teb, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov plag tsev deformation.
Kev faib cov ntaub ntawv hauv chav dej hauv pem teb
Lawv ntau yam dav heev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lawv yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov npe thiab cov chaw tsim khoom.
Raws li kev tsim khoom siv tshuab thiab kev siv, txhua yam khoom siv hauv kev txiav txim siab tau muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:
- Rolled (pasting). Kev tsim khoom yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev hloov kho bitumen yam tsis muajdaim ntawv thov burner. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov yob yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis-woven. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm ib tug me me extensibility, tsis kam mus rau ultraviolet rays thiab kub heev. Piv nrog rau yav dhau los rolls ntawm glassine thiab ntuj bitumen, thev naus laus zis tau zoo tuaj. Sealing chav dej nrog da dej nyob rau hauv nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Raws li cov khoom siv cladding nrov tshaj plaws, cov vuas luaj ceramic tuaj yeem muab tso rau tib hnub raws li chav dej hauv pem teb.
- Painting (txheej txheem). Cov no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws uas muaj cov kua dej los yog tuab tuab, ua nrog kev taw qhia ntawm cov polymers feem ntau rau hauv lawv, vim tias kev ruaj ntseg, plasticity thiab nruj. Yuav siv tau rau saum npoo nrog spatula, cov menyuam los yog txhuam. Cov no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv raws li bitumen, tab sis lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo dua piv rau cov polymers. Txawm hais tias rau cov neeg tau txais kev pab uas tau nyiaj tsawg, qhov tom kawg yog qhov zoo dua.
- Piav (plaster). Nws muaj universal daim ntawv thov. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv polymeric additives rau cement mortars, uas tsim ib tug hydrobarrier thaum solidification. Subdivided rau hauv ib- thiab ob-ntev. Kev ntseeg tau thiab zoo yog qhov siab, raws li qhov tseeb, tus nqi ntawm cov dej tsis zoo hauv pem teb hauv chav dej nrog cov khoom siv no. Nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog ib hnub kom solidify (nyob ntawm seb lub thickness ntawm sau thiab cov khoom additives tuaj).
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv vov tsev, vov tsev muaj kev xav thiab sib xyaw av nrog bentonite thiabkua iav. Thawj cov ntaub ntawv no muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Tus nqi kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm kev siv zog ua haujlwm.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo
Kev xaiv yuav tsum tau ua, suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov dej tsis sib haum hauv pem teb hauv chav dej hauv qab pobzeb. Yog hais tias lub Hoobkas pob zeb hauv pem teb slab siv nyob rau hauv chav tsev no, kev xaiv cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua raws li nws cov mob. Nrog nws cov tiaj tiaj, tsis muaj cov kab nrib pleb, tsis muaj screed nyob rau hauv cov pobzeb. Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv dov waterproofing. Nws kuj yog siv rau qhuav qhob screed. Ntxiv rau lawv, cov ntaub ntawv txheej qhuav yog siv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv xws li screeds muaj ntau voids uas yog heev nyuaj rau sau nrog ib tug kua neeg sawv cev. Lawv tau npaj kom txo qis hauv pem teb, txo cov nqi ntawm kev tsim kho thiab ua kom nws nrawm dua.
Cov pob zeb ua tau siv tau hauv chav dej, txawm tias lwm cov substrates zoo dua.
Kev tiv thaiv cov ntoo hauv pem teb hauv chav dej tuaj yeem ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv yob lossis cov kua mastic, uas tsis muaj dej.
Txhua cov ntaub ntawv insulating tuaj yeem siv tau raws li OSB boards, tshwj tsis yog rau tom kawg.
Tiav hauv pem teb hauv chav dej yog ib txwm ua nrog cov vuas ceramic.
Rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv kev ya raws ntawm cov plag tsev hauv chav dej los ntawm OSB panels
SivCov vaj huam sib luag tsis muaj dej noo nteg nyob rau hauv ib txheej txawm siv lub tsev theem, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm SNiPs cuam tshuam. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov panels, lawv tau ntim nrog cov yas sealant, nruj nreem rau cov npoo, thov rau tag nrho cov tuab ntawm daim hlau.
Ua ntej, OSB panels raug ntxuav nrog ib tug broom los yog broom los ntawm plua plav, xyuam xim rau cov ces kaum. Tom ntej no, do lub mastic mus rau lub xeev homogeneous (tsawg kawg 3 feeb). Thaum sib tov manually, nws yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ob peb kis.
txhawm rau txhim kho adhesion, cov laug cam yog coated nrog primer los yog mastic, coj mus rau ib tug dej sib xws thiab npaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 4 nrog ib tug hnyav. Lawv tau thov los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm qhov nkag mus rau hauv chav tsev. Cov kaum tsev yuav tsum tau muab txhuam nrog txhuam.
Tom ntej no, cov pob qij txha ntawm hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa raug kaw. Rau ib lub tsev ntoo, cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, txij li cov av noo siab ntawm no yuav ua rau cov tsos ntawm fungus. Yog tias koj tsis pom nws nyob rau lub sijhawm, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib txoj haujlwm kho kom zoo. Kev sib khi yog nqa tawm nrog lub dav dav, npog nrog mastic, tsawg kawg peb zaug. Koj tuaj yeem siv daim kab xev tshwj xeeb, uas tuaj yeem yuav hauv khw muag khoom siv.
Nkauj ces kaum
Daim ntawm qhov ntev yuav tsum tau txiav los ntawm daim kab xev. Waterproofing ntawm ib phab ntsa tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog hauv ib qho xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv ntau ntu.
Hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa yog smeared nrog mastic, qhov siab ntawm daim kab xev yuav tsum tshaj qhov dav ntawm daim kab xev los ntawm 2-3 cm. nws yog nias ntawm tes rau ntawm qhov chawraws tag nrho qhov ntev.
Lub ces kaum yog theem nrog lub spatula nqaim, thaum sab ntawm daim kab xev yuav tsum tau nias kom nruj li sai tau.
Tawm sab nraud, daim kab xev nplaum yog npog nrog cov txheej txheem dej.
Txuas ntxiv dej tsis zoo OSB vaj huam sib luag
Ib serpyanka yog glued mus rau seams ntawm daim hlau, uas muaj nws tus kheej-nplaum li ib sab. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov mesh tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub seam.
Ib txheej ntawm mastic yog siv rau lub qhov cub. Yuav muaj cov voids ntawm tus kab mob ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa. Qhov thib ob txheej ntawm mastic yuav tshem tawm lawv.
Cov mastics siv tam sim no nrog cov polymers yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab. Lawv xyaum tsis tshem tawm, koj tuaj yeem txav mus rau lawv yam tsis muaj kev ntshai. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj screeding, tom qab waterproofing hauv pem teb nyob rau hauv lub chav dej nyob rau hauv lub vuas, koj muaj peev xwm tam sim ntawd pib nteg nws.
kua thiab muab tshuaj txhuam insulating txheej
Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom no twb npaj siv tom qab kev yuav khoom. Cov kua dej tsis muaj dej ntawm hauv pem teb hauv chav dej yog ua los ntawm cov masonry lossis cov txhuam hniav dav. Yog hais tias qhov sib tov muaj qhov sib xws ntawm plasticine, ces lawv muab faib rau saum npoo nrog spatula nrog cov hniav.
Cov kua mastics, cov khoom siv hauv paus uas yog bitumen, yog siv rau hauv ob txheej perpendicular rau ib leeg. Tag nrho cov txheej thickness yuav tsum yog 1-1.5mm.
A screed yog ua los ntawm cov kua rwb thaiv tsev.
Muab tshuaj txhuam zoo li mastics tuaj yeem ua hauv 1-2 txheej, thiab tuabtxhua qhov nce hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus mus txog 3 mm. Thaum siv nws, screed yuav tsis ua. Cov txheej txheem yog txhawb nrog lub zog PVC mesh.
Tom qab ua ntawv thov txhua txheej, koj yuav tsum tau so kom qhuav, uas tau txiav txim siab hauv cov lus qhia sib raug.
Kev npaj rau kev tiv thaiv cov ntoo hauv tsev
Nws suav nrog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej ntawm cov qauv no. Waterproofing ntoo pem teb nyob rau hauv chav dej muab rau daim ntawv thov ntawm antibacterial impregnation. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj, ntoo yuav poob sai sai, cuam tshuam los ntawm fungus lossis rot.
Hauv cov tsev qub, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom thauj khoom nyob twj ywm. Yog tias pom muaj teeb meem thaj chaw, lawv yuav tsum tau hloov. Yog li, kev tiv thaiv dej hauv chav dej hauv pem teb hauv tsev ntoo yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev soj ntsuam xyuas, uas yuav txuag tau nyiaj los ntawm kev kho yav tom ntej.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los suav cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej xav tau thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Yog tias muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov txaus, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom cov txheej txheem ntau ntxiv, uas yuav ua rau kom nruj thiab txo qis qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua yuam kev hauv daim ntawv thov technology.
Lub tswv yim thiab kev npaj ntawm cov dej tsis huv ntau
Nws yog ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muab kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov qauv ntoo los ntawm ya raws. Bulk waterproofing yog ib yam khoom kim heev, txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis, nws tau muabyuav luag 100% leak pov thawj.
Kev npaj yog los xyuas qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov qauv ntoo. Yog tias muaj kev vibrations ntawm cov laug cam, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Yog tias nws ua tsis tau raws li qhov kev txiav txim no, kev ua dej tsis huv hauv pem teb hauv chav dej yuav tsum tau ua nrog lwm cov khoom siv, piv txwv li, dov. Yog tias txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, qhov saum npoo ntawm cov laug cam yog ntxuav ntawm plua plav (zoo dua nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev). Lub qhov khoob ntawm cov laug cam uas hla dhau yog muab khi nrog sealant.
Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov laug cam yog primed. Cov kua dej rau cov haujlwm no yuav tsum yog cov khoom zoo, vim tias lawv yuav tsum nkag mus rau qhov tob tob rau hauv cov ntoo thiab muab kev tiv thaiv noo noo thiab adhesion rau lub ncuav.
Cov primer yog siv nrog txhuam rau hauv cov ces kaum, thiab nrog cov menyuam hla qhov seem ntawm qhov chaw.
Daim kab xev yog nplaum nyob ib ncig ntawm tag nrho ib puag ncig. Qhov kev txiav txim no tuaj yeem ua tiav siv mastics tshwj xeeb.
Thaum npaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov dej tsis sib haum, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus pom zoo. Dej yog poured rau hauv txhua lub thawv dav, rau hauv uas cov sib tov qhuav yog poured. Thaum siv cov khoom sib tov rau kev sib tov, cov khoom xyaw ua ke hauv 2 kauj ruam. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm thawj thiab thib ob rov ua dua, so yog ua rau 10-15 feeb kom ntseeg tau tias cov pa npuas thiab pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization. Ntawm qhov sib tov thib ob ntawm qhov sib tov yog txo.
Cov khoom tiav yog nchuav rau hauv pem teb. Nws yuav tsum tau muab faib kom sib npaug li ntau tau thoob plaws cheeb tsam. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm qhov chaw pib yuav tsum yog qhov uas koj tuaj yeem ncav cuag thaj chaw nrog koj txhais tes txhawm rau txhawm rau theem nws.
Davsiv lub spatula nrog ib tug zuag rau theem saum npoo, thaum cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab faib ua tus sib npaug li sai tau.
Ib hnub tom qab ua haujlwm no, koj tuaj yeem pib tso cov vuas. Waterproofing hauv pem teb ntoo hauv chav dej pobzeb siv cov khoom siv no muaj peev xwm tsim deflections uas tuaj yeem tsim cov kab nrib pleb. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov dej tshwm hauv cov qhov nqaim no tsawg heev.
Siv cov ntaub ntawv yob rau hauv pem teb
Rau cov plag tsev ntoo, qhov no yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Qhov saum npoo yog npaj rau tso cov vuas luaj ceramic hauv ib teev.
Raws li lwm txoj hauv kev, qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej los ntawm kev tu kom qhuav.
Rau impregnation, mastics yog siv rau hauv paus. Lub kaum sab xis yog kho nrog txhuam, qhov seem ntawm qhov chaw yog kho nrog cov menyuam. Nws raug nquahu kom siv bituminous emulsion primers, vim tias lawv tsis tso cov khoom tsis zoo rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab muaj cov khoom adhesion ntau dua. Hauv qhov no, cov phab ntsa ntawm chav dej yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau qhov siab ntawm 10 cm.
Tom qab nws qhuav, pib tso cov dej tsis huv. Lub sijhawm pib yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub qhwv rau hauv lub hauv paus - yog tias tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov mastic ntawm nws, koj tuaj yeem mus rau qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lub waterproofing membrane yog pw tom qab kev npaj ntawm lub hauv paus.
Bitumen tus kheej nplaum cov khoom yog dov raws phab ntsa. Nws xav tau sijhawm los taug qab, thaum lub sijhawm ntawdleveling waterproofing. Tom qab ntawd, siv rab riam, tshem tawm qhov dhau.
Tom qab ntawd, cov yob yog dov los ntawm ob sab sab nraud ntawm ib leeg. Pib nrog phab ntsa sab nrauv. Thaum gluing ib yob ntawm ib sab, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab uas nws yuav muab tso rau ntawm qee lub kaum sab xis. Qhov no yuav ua rau tsim cov folds, uas yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm, lossis cov haujlwm yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj zaug tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej xau. Txij li thaum nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov kev sib tw hauv cov txheej txheem ntxiv dej hauv pem teb hauv chav dej nrog koj tus kheej tes, cov teeb meem tseem yuav tshwm sim nrog cov khoom siv tom ntej.
Muaj ib zaj duab xis tiv thaiv ntawm lub yob, uas yog txiav nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev kom tsis txhob ua los ntawm lub qhov ntawm nws. Tom qab ntawd, nws raug coj los ntawm nws txhais tes thiab rub ntawm nws tus kheej, uas yuav ua rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov yob, tso cov nplaum rau ntawm lub hauv paus.
Cov haujlwm no tau ua rau ob sab. Lub yob yog ntxiv dov nrog cov roj hmab cov menyuam, uas tso cai rau koj tshem tawm cov hnab tshos huab cua, nrog rau kev ua kom adhesion ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Thaum dov tawm, qhov dav ntawm sab sib tshooj yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 10, thiab qhov kawg sib tshooj yuav tsum yog 15 cm. Lub yob thib ob, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, txiav tawm ntawm qhov kawg thiab sab ntawm tib yam. nyob deb. Kev sib khi ntawm qhov sib tshooj yog nce los ntawm kev kho mob nrog bituminous mastics los yog primer thiab dov nrog quab yuam los ntawm rollers.
Siv yob waterproofing nyob rau hauv ib ntsug dav hlau
Tiavtso rau hauv pem teb yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm qhov pib ntawm qhov ntawd ntawm phab ntsa. Qhov siab uas lub sealing yuav ua tau yog xaiv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub xoom cim ntawm cov vuas nyob rau hauv pem teb. Yog tias tom kawg tau muab tso ua ntej ua tiav cov phab ntsa, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua kom qhov siab ntawm cov dej tsis zoo tso rau ntawm phab ntsa.
Rau qhov tso, daim ntawv yob tau npaj, muaj qhov dav ntawm 20 cm lossis ntau dua. Ib nrab mus rau qhov sib tshooj, thiab ib nrab mus rau phab ntsa.
Ntawm thaj chaw tiaj tus, cov khoom siv tau khoov raws txoj kab tsim nyog ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kab ntsug thiab kab rov tav.
Qhov dav ntawm qhov sib tshooj thiab sab qis ntawm phab ntsa yog smeared nrog mastic. Ib ntu ntawm yob yog siv rau qhov chaw thiab nias nrog ib tug menyuam. Lub membrane yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm yam tsis tau tsiv.
Kev tiv thaiv dej hauv pem teb hauv qab chav dej, yog tias muaj cov kav dej, yog ua los ntawm kev tso cov khoom siv ntxiv. Patches raug txiav tawm, hauv pem teb nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv yog smeared nrog mastic thiab cov khoom no yog glued rau nws. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov dej tsis muaj dej.
Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib tso cov vuas rau hauv pem teb.
tshav kub hauv pem teb
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, zoo li lwm yam haujlwm zoo sib xws, yog kev tiv thaiv cov av noo siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov dej tsis zoo ntawm cov rhuab hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej ua raws li kev tiv thaiv corrosion rau cov kav dej thiab mats ntawm cov cua sov. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem siv:
- coatings;
- roll khoom;
- lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke (kev kho mob nrog mastic yog ua los ntawm overlapping pasting waterproofing).
Kuj siv taukua raws li cov khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, siv cov cement-sand screed ntawm no.
In xaus
Qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis muaj dej hauv pem teb hauv chav dej yog vim qhov tseeb tias koj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv hauv pem teb los ntawm cov dej ntws tawm, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau rau tus tswv ntawm chav. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim tsis tsuas yog lub fact tias nws yuav tsim nyog los kho koj lub tsev, tab sis koj muaj peev xwm dej nyab koj cov neeg zej zog, thiab ces lawv yuav tsum tau them rau qhov kev siv ntawm qhov kev ua si. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hydrobarrier tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm ntau yam fungi thiab, saum toj no tag nrho, muaj teeb meem pwm, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm lwm yam kab mob microflora. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas siv los tiv thaiv dej hauv pem teb hauv chav dej yog dov, pasted thiab plastered. Cov khoom ua kua kuj siv tau, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub no.
