Cov neeg uas ua haujlwm ntau lub tshuab qee zaum ntsib qhov xav tau los txuas rau ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov fasteners tawg, ib feem lossis tag nrho cov khoom hnav thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, ntug, hnav bushing. Txhua qhov xwm txheej no suav nrog kev kho dua tshiab ntawm ib feem uas siv lub surfacing ntawm cov hlau ruaj khov tshiab ntawm qhov chaw hnav. Xws li kev tso cai tsis tsuas yog rov qab los, tab sis kuj muab cov khoom tshiab, muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Piv txwv li, hardfacing ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov hlau me me tuaj yeem ua rau ib feem nrog txhim kho kev hnav tsis kam lossis lwm yam kev ua tau zoo.
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm txoj kev siv tau zoo tsis yog tsuas yog kho kom haum (kev ua haujlwm) ntawm cov khoom hlau. Siv hlau vuam nrog cov electrode, koj tuaj yeem hloov cov qauv, muab nws cov duab zoo, txhim khu cov khoom ntawm txheej txheej, ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog thiab hnav tsis kam.
Ntse thiab cov lus piav qhia: theem pib ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm "surfacing"
Dab tsi yog qhov zais ntawm qhov notechnology, dab tsi nta nws muaj thiab yuav ua li cas siv nws nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, peb yuav sim nkag siab ua ke. Tus nyeem ntawv tsis tshua txaus siab rau kev lag luam thev naus laus zis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog kev siv tshuab robotic. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav txuas ntxiv nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm hlau surfacing manually, uas yog, siv electrodes rau vuam.
Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, raws li lub tswv yim ntawm hlau, ib tug neeg kuj txhais tau tias ib tug alloy, piv txwv li, hlau. Yog hais tias cov npe no tuaj yeem ua tau dav dav, tom qab ntawd hauv kev ua haujlwm siv thev naus laus zis rau ib qho tshwj xeeb hlau / alloy thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm sib txawv.
Xav txog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsuas yog tsis muaj tseeb vim yog cov khoom siv ntau, yog li ntawd, thaum pib paub txog cov txheej txheem zoo li no, ua ntej tshaj tawm cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau ntawm hom xaiv. Txhua yam uas peb muab rau koj hauv kab lus yog cov lus pom zoo rau kev ntog.
Feem ntau, hlau ntog muaj qhov zoo sib xws nrog vuam, nws tsis raug mob kom paub txog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no siv rau kev ua cov hlau thiab cov hlau: tooj liab, txhuas, cam khwb cia hlau, stainless hlau thiab lwm yam. cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj haujlwm tau npaj tseg.
Nyob rau saum npoo txhais tau hais tias kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau ntawm qhov sib txawv los ntawm kev siv ib qho hlau molten rau saum npoo ntawm lwm qhov. Cov khoom siv muab tub lim yog ib qho uas tau thov, qhov tseem ceeb yog ib qho kev kho saum npoo raws li cov txheej txheem hlau ntog.
Technological nta ntawm tus txheej txheem
Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau kub rau hauv ib leeg tshwm sim ntawm qibmolecules.
Ua li no, lub ntsiab txheej txheej yog rhuab mus rau qib ntawm melting mus rau ib tug ntiav tob, thiab cov additive rau lub xeev ua kua.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau overlay vuam muaj xws li lub peev xwm los tswj cov thickness ntawm txheej thiab siv ib qho ntxiv rau cov qauv, tsis hais nws cov duab.
Lub npe ntawm cov hlau los ntawm lus Askiv los ntawm lo lus sib xyaw thiab siv hauv cov lus siv ua homogeneous compound. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau muaj xws li kev ntseeg siab, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem nqa cov hlau mus rau lawv lub xeev qub los ntawm kev siv tshuab.
Cov cai yooj yim rau ntab
Hauv kev ua haujlwm, cov kev cai yooj yim ntawm cov hlau saum npoo yog qhov txawv.
Qhov tob tob ntawm txheej saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum tsawg. Cov nyhuv no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog lub hauv paus qaij ntawm lub electrode, ua nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia rov qab mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm nws lub zog.
Nrog qhov sib xyaw me me ntawm cov hlau heterogeneous, qhov seem seem raug txo qis, uas tshem tawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm deformation ntawm qee qhov chaw.
Thaum ua tiav cov txheej txheem, ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov nyiaj ntawm cov khoom ntxiv, vim tias nws qhov ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem hauv kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, uas yog nrog cov nqi zog ntau dua thiab cov sijhawm kawg.
Technology ntawm vuam nrog electrodes
Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, kev ntxuav ua ntej ntawm cov hlau yog ua, uas muaj ob theem: stripping thiab degreasing.
Surfacing ntawm hlau nrog ib qho electrode yog feem ntau txoj kev kom tau ib homogeneous txheej. Qhov yooj yim ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ua rau nws tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom thiab siv hauv tsev.
Electrode nrog cov txheej tshwj xeeb raug xaiv raws li cov hom phiaj ua tiav. Qhov kev xaiv no kuj nyob ntawm hom hlau uas lub hauv paus yog smelted. Nyob ntawm lub hom ntawm cov electrode, cov txheej txheem tau txais cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog.
Txuas lub voj voog - ncaj qha lossis thim rov qab. Qhov kev xaiv thib ob yog siv ntau zaus, vim nws yooj yim dua. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm, qhov hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua "+" ntawm cov electrode coated yog tsim nyog.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm
Cov yam ntxwv thiab txheej tuab nyob ntawm qhov hla ntawm electrode. Txhawm rau ua kom cov vuam zoo, arc voltage thiab tam sim no yuav tsum tau txo qis, tab sis qhov no yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom tes kom raug. Cov txuj ci tsim nyog tau txais nrog kev paub dhau los thiab tsis ua rau muaj kev nyuaj rau tus neeg ua haujlwm yav tom ntej.
Surfacing: me secrets
Thaum qhov hluav taws xob nce, lub caws pliav pib nce tsis nyob hauv ntim, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov dav, uas ua rau kom qhov ntev ntawm lub arc. Txhua hom electrode muaj nws tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv. Piv txwv li, koj puas paub tias nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau preheat lub hauv paus? Thaum ua haujlwm nrog qis-allergenic steel, qhov mob no tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Nyob rau hauv hom twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom txias ib feem? Thiab dab tsi theem ntawm tam sim no teem? Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus thev naus laus zis ntawm surfacing tau sau tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau hom koj tau xaiv.electrodes. Raws li rau qhov zoo ntawm surfacing, nws nce nrog rau cov cua kub kub, tus nqi ntawm uas rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm electrodes yog kwv yees li qub thiab tus nqi rau + 300 ºС. Thaum ua hauj lwm cuam tshuam nrog surfacing nyob rau hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum tau ib tug thermal furnace, piv txwv li, hluav taws xob chamber rauv.
Txheej txheem ntawm plasma hlau surfacing
Muaj zog, yuav luag sib cais tsis tau nyob rau hauv ib qho kev quab yuam yog tsim los ntawm cov plasma surfacing. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo li no, txhua yam ntawm cov khoom uas tau dhau los ntawm cov txheej txheem tau txais qhov tsim nyog dielectric, thermal, lub cev thiab lwm yam khoom. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom yog hardened thaum lub sij hawm surfacing txheej txheem. Hlau txiav, nrog rau nws cov txheej txheem, yog ua los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb cutter nrog ib tug kub plasma flow.
Plasma arc cladding khoom yog hnav-resistant, kub-resistant, acid-resistant, thiab lwm yam.
Piv rau vuam nrog cov electrode, plasma vuam muaj ntau qhov zoo, tab sis tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Mounting ib qho tshwj xeeb installation thiab yuav khoom siv rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog xws li nyob rau hauv tsev yog tsawg kawg yog ib tug kim txaus siab. Yog li ntawd, rov xav dua seb puas yuav tsum tau yuav cov cuab yeej siv tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv tsev lossis muaj qhov chaw siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo qub, uas yuav dhau los ua kom tau nyiaj ntau dua, tab sis tsis yog qhov kev xaiv phem tshaj.
Teb welds thiab lawv hom
Kom tau txais txiaj ntsigtxheej txheej tseem ceeb nrog rau lwm cov hlau, pib nteg cov caws pliav tom ntej los ntawm sab nraud ntawm cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm surfacing tsis superimposed sequentially (ib tug tom qab lwm yam), tab sis arbitrarily - ua ntej nyob rau hauv ib tug, ces nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw. Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis zoo li no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov deformation ntawm lub hauv paus thaum overheating.
Teb welds tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg nyob ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab lub hom phiaj.
Nyob ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm, ib qho ntawm qhov caws pliav yog siv:
- helix tsim los ntawm homogeneous alloy hlaws;
- ib lub voj voog ntawm ib hom kaw tsim los ntawm cov caws pliav;
- hlau strokes raws generatrix.
Thawj txoj hauv kev yog feem ntau siv thaum ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom siv tshuab. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsis delve rau hauv cov txheej txheem no. Peb yuav tau paub txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua vaj tsev tiaj tus thiab peb sab hauv kom ntxaws ntxiv, tau kawm txog lawv cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab thaj chaw.
Seams for tiaj tiaj
Thaum ua cov dav hlau, ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis rau kev siv cov txheej txheem homogeneous: nqaim lossis dav nti, ib txheej txuas ntxiv. Cia peb kawm paub cov hom hlau saum npoo.
Ntxhais hluas nraug
Txoj kev thov - nqaim nti. Lawv muab tso nrog ib qho sib tshooj ntawm li 1/3 ntawm tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub seam.
siv dav dav
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog kev pab los ntawm cov yob dav muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txav txav ntawm cov electrode txheeb ze rau axis ntawm qhov tso nyiaj. Qhov twgua oscillatory txav, kev teeb tsa uas yog xaiv raws li qhov ntim ntawm qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev sib tw nyuaj
Kev siv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tsim nyog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas nws yuav tsum tau ua kom tau txais cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv. Ua li no, lub surfacing yog nqa tawm nrog nqaim nti, nyob ntawm qhov deb me ntsis tsawg dua lawv qhov dav ntawm ib leeg. Tom qab siv thawj txheej, lub hauv paus yog ntxuav, tshem tawm cov slags, thiab lwm txheej ntawm molten hlau yog siv rau qhov seem seem.
Rau qhov chaw cylindrical
Ntxiv rau cov uas tau teev tseg saum toj no, lwm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob nrov yog siv thaum siv electrodes - hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv roj. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis yog qhov nyuaj. Qhov tseeb, nws txawv - qhov tau txais ntawm lub tog raj kheej ntim nrog cov roj sib tov tshwj xeeb: argon, helium, lwm yam, nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv muab tub lim siv rau saum npoo. Qhov kev xaiv no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev cob qhia hauv tsev me me.
Txawm tias yuav lub tog raj kheej roj rau kev ua haujlwm nrog hlau hauv tsev tsis zoo li yuav tsim nyog. Nrog koj tus kheej tes, nws yooj yim dua los ua surfacing siv electrodes raws li peb tau tham hauv kab lus.
Kuv xav vam tias ntawm no koj tau pom tag nrho cov lus teb rau koj cov lus nug, nrhiav lub tswv yim ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab qhia meej rau koj tus kheej yuav ua li cas thiaj li ua tau zoo nyob hauv tsev.
