Nrog ntau yam ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, muaj cov nroj tsuag nthuav ntawm tsev neeg legume nrog ib qho tshwj xeeb unpretentiousness - genus lupine, suav nrog ntau dua 600 hom. Ib qho ntawm cov subspecies ntawm kab lis kev cai, daj lupine, yog nrov heev nrog cov neeg ua teb thiab cov kws ua liaj ua teb, vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb zoo thiab daim ntawv thov dav. Peb yuav xav txog nws kom ntxaws ntxiv hauv kab lus no.
Lupin daj. Description
Ib tsob nroj txhua xyoo dav dav hauv qhov xwm txheej, tseem hu ua "hma taum". Lub tebchaws - Mediterranean lub tebchaws. Lub peev xwm ntawm lupine kom loj hlob ntawm ib qho av thiab kev loj hlob sai ua rau lub fact tias cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem pom txawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tso tseg. Loj hlob txhua qhov chaw: hauv Africa, California, Sahara, Chile, Peru. Tej zaum yog vim li cas nws thiaj suav tias yog tsob nroj tau ntev.
Cov nplooj ntoo zoo thiab cov ceg qis qis nce mus txog qhov siab ntawm 60-90 cm. Cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov xim ntsuab tsaus muaj 9 nplooj nrog nqaim elongatedpuag ncig, zoo li tus kiv cua thiab npog nrog cov plaub hau tuab ntawm ob sab.
Cov inflorescences ntawm lupinus luteus yog elongated, sib txawv ntxoov daj, exude ib tug muaj zog qab ntxiag aroma. Paj ntawm luv stalks. Lub caij cog qoob loo yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm 95-105 hnub. Lub sij hawm flowering kav ntau tshaj ib hlis. Thaum lawv loj tuaj, cov paj hloov mus rau hauv cov plaub hau nrog cov xim dub-speckled dawb-pink noob. Lub hauv paus yog taproot, tuaj yeem loj hlob mus txog 2 meters hauv qhov tob. Hauv thaj chaw qhib hnub ci nws teb nrog kev loj hlob sai, txawm tias qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo rau lupine tsis yog teeb meem. Nws tiv taus fusarium thiab xyaum tsis tawm tsam los ntawm cov kab tsuag ntuj.
Muaj ntau xyoo, biennial thiab perennial ntau yam, herbaceous thiab shrubby. Txhua hom zoo ib yam: paj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tswm ciab, xibtes nplooj. Tsis tshua muaj kev zam, lawv txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm inflorescences.
Ntau yam daj lupine
Muaj hybrid hom lupine rau ntau hom kev siv, bred raws li kev xaiv xaiv. Universal qib suav nrog Prestige thiab Reliable. Demidovsky, Peresvet, Academichesky-1, Narochinsky yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev siv nplej. Ntau yam tshiab ntawm daj lupine tiv taus ntau yam kab mob thiab tuaj yeem cog rau hauv ib qho chaw rau 3-5 xyoos.
Siv lupine
Cov nroj tsuag tau siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb rau kev cog qoob loo sai ntawm cov av, hauv kev ua vaj ornamental thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj nuj nqis hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Lupins qab zib thiab iab. Thaum cov khoom qab zib nrog cov ntsiab lus muaj protein ntau yog siv los ua tsiaj pub, iab sawv daws siv ua chiv.
Ib xyoos lupine yog suav tias yog cov qoob loo ntsuab zoo tshaj plaws thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cog raws li cov chiv uas ua kom cov av zoo dua qub, uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntxiv. Lub hauv paus muaj zog ua kom cov av ntws tawm, thiab cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav txo nws cov acidity thiab ntxiv rau nws nrog lom nitrogen.
Thaum lub sijhawm loj tshaj plaws ntawm nplooj ntsuab, fodder ntau yam ntawm lupine yog siv rau ensiling rau tsiaj. Hauv cov ntses ua liaj ua teb, ntses tau pub nrog cov noob lupine.
Nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws, taum lupine tau siv los ua zaub mov ua khoom noj txom ncauj, feem ntau hauv daim ntawv pickled. Thiab roasted noob yog ib qho kev hloov zoo rau cov taum kas fes.
Kuj siv los tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj, hauv kev tsim cov xab npum thiab kev kho mob plaster. Cov stems yog siv los ua cov khoom dai, thiab cov quav cab yog siv hauv kev lag luam pulp thiab ntawv.
Lupin yug me nyuam
Cov nroj tsuag yog propagated nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev: seedlings, noob thiab cuttings. Thaum cog cov noob, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 30 mus rau 50 cm ntawm kab thiab qhov tob ntawm 4 cm, yog tias cov av hnyav, tob 2-3 cm. Nrog rau kev npaj av kom zoo, cov noob yuav tshwm hauv 12-14 hnub.
Rau cog lupine seedlings, pre-npaj av los ntawm ib tug sib tov yog sivsod av, peat thiab xuab zeb nyob rau hauv sib npaug proportions. Noob yog nteg mus rau ib tug tob ntawm tsis ntau tshaj 2 cm thiab sprinkled nrog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm peat on to top. Lub thawv ntim nrog ib daim ntaub ntub dej thiab ntxuav hauv qhov chaw sov. Tom qab ob lub lis piam, thawj tua tuaj yeem pom. Tom qab qhov tsos ntawm thawj khub ntawm nplooj ntawm sprouts, cov yub tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw ruaj khov.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, basal rosette raug txiav tawm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qia ntawm ib tsob ntoo muaj hnub nyoog 3-4 xyoos. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, tom qab flowering tiav, lateral tua yog tsim rau cuttings, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub axils ntawm nplooj daim hlau. Tom qab cov hauv paus hniav tshwm rau ntawm tua, thiab qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib lub hlis, lawv yog transplanted mus rau ib tug mus tas li qhov chaw ntawm cultivation. Xws li paj tawg thawj xyoo.
Thaum cog cov noob lossis cov noob, koj tuaj yeem tau paj liab lossis ntshav, tab sis koj tuaj yeem tau xim dawb los ntawm kev txiav, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem khaws cov xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Luag
Nroj tsuag yog unpretentious kiag li nyob rau hauv cultivation thiab loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej av, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov av xoob, zoo li tej paj, lawv yuav loj hlob zoo dua. Lawv tsis nyiam cov av acidic thiab muaj zog shading. Txawm hais tias lupine tuaj yeem tiv taus drought, nws xav tau kev ywg dej me ntsis thaum lub sij hawm tsim hauv paus, paj thiab paj teeb. Nws raug nquahu kom npaj qhov chaw tsaws hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Cog cov khoom yog cog nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis: noob, seedlings thiab cuttings. Nws tuaj yeem cog lupine hauv Lub Kaum Hli, ua ntej lub caij ntuj no, tom qab ntawd lupine yuav tawg rau lub caij ntuj sov. Cov noob tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm cov av kub ntawm 4-5 degrees. Withstand txawm me ntsis poob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cog lupine yuav tsum tau mulched.
Kua noob
Txhawm rau npaj cov khoom cog zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob nco lub sijhawm sau. Lupine noob pib sau sai li sai tau thaum lub pods qhuav thiab tig daj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsis txhob cia lub sijhawm tawg ntawm lub li qub, txij li thaum lub sijhawm siav, cov pods feem ntau coil thiab tawg lub teeb, flattened taum ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov deb txog li 20 meters.
Nyhav 1000 daim ntawm cov noob - hauv 150 grams. Cov pods ntawm qee hom lupine tsis nquag tawg, yog li lawv tau plucked xaiv thaum lawv siav. Tom qab sau qoob, cov noob lupine raug ntxuav ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag, qhuav thiab khaws cia.
Kev
Qhov kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb rau lupine seedlings yog tswj cov nroj tsuag. Ornamental perennial hom yuav tsum tau saib me ntsis ntxiv rau kev loj hlob ib txwm thiab flowering zoo nkauj. Zoo li txhua yam nroj tsuag, nws xav tau kev ywg dej tsis tu ncua, tsis muaj dampness ntau dhau, thiaj li tsis ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hauv paus fungus. Nws yog tsim nyog los loosen lub ntiaj teb tom qab watering, xyuas kom meej tias lub hauv paus caj dab yog them nrog lub ntiaj teb. Tom qab flowering, lub lupines yog pruned thiab cov noob tau sau. Nrog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm nplooj thiab paj, qia yuav tsum tau muab khi rau ib qho kev txhawb nqa kom cov nroj tsuag tsis tawg nyob rau hauv cua thiab huab cua phem. Perennial ntau yam rau lub caij ntuj no yog sprinkled nrog peat los yog sawdust los tiv thaiv Frost. Tom qab 3-4 xyoos ntawm flowering, xws li cog yog kiag li renewed. Kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj raws sijhawm, nroj tsuag thiab watering - yog txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau uarau cov nroj tsuag zoo nkauj no nws tus kheej.
Nutritious supplements
Txawm hais tias lupine nws tus kheej ua cov chiv, tab sis thawj xyoo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg nws yog ntshaw kom siv phosphorus-potassium chiv rau hauv av, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo thib ob - complex mineral chiv. Tsis xav tau nitrogen chiv, txij li cov tubers ntawm lupine hauv paus system muaj peev xwm sau nitrogen ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Ib xyoos lupine nws tus kheej muaj peev xwm muab cov as-ham rau hauv av, qhov no ua tau thaum cov zaub ntsuab yog plowed rau hauv av thaum puv puv. Txiav biomass tsuas yog tom qab decomposition yog cov chiv uas tom qab tau yooj yim absorbed thiab saturate av nrog humus thiab organic teeb meem.
Zoo li txhua kab lis kev cai, kho kom zoo nkauj lupine tuaj yeem raug kab mob thiab kab tsuag ntawm paj. Thaum buds tsim ua ntej flowering, cov nroj tsuag yuav raug tua los ntawm aphids thiab May beetles, uas noj tam sim ntawd paj. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, cov av yog txau thiab cog nrog tshuaj tua kab.
Kab mob kab mob tuaj yeem zam tau los ntawm kev ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev loj hlob:
- kho cov noob ua ntej cog;
- saib qoob loo tig;
- lupine hlob zoo tom qab cereal;
- tsis txhob cog rau qhov qub 3 xyoos thiab ze rau lwm cov nroj tsuag ntawm tib tsev neeg legume.
Rau tag nrho nws txoj kev zoo nkauj, kev siv tau zoo thiab kev cog qoob loo tsis xav tau, lupine tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas. Nws yuav tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws xwbntsuab manure rau cov av, tab sis kuj yog ib qho kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm txhua qhov chaw, paj txaj lossis chaw ua si.
