Ib qho sab hauv sai lossis tom qab dhau los ua dhuav thiab dhuav. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv rau txhua chav - chav dej, chav nyob thiab txawm chav ua noj. Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev kho tsev apartment tseem cuam tshuam ib txwm. Txhua leej txhua tus xav muab chav tsev zest thiab ua kom chav tsev zoo dua thiab ntxim nyiam. Feem ntau, thaum kho, cov vuas yog siv los ua cov khoom tiav. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau chav ua noj lossis chav dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, niaj hnub no muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom no tau nthuav tawm. Cov vuas tuaj yeem yuav ntau qhov sib txawv, hauv txhua hom xim. Tab sis kev yuav tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab tau txais cov khoom tsim nyog, cov lus nug tshiab tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb? Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab ntawm no. Tab sis cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm ntau thiab siv zog. Yog li ntawd qhov tshwm sim tsis poob siab, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas kom zoo nteg cov vuas rau ntawm phab ntsathiab poj niam txiv neej. Hauv tsab xov xwm niaj hnub no, peb yuav txiav txim siab qhov teeb meem no kom ntxaws thiab piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem no tau ua nrog peb tus kheej tes.
Vim li cas nws thiaj nrov?
Cov khoom siv no tau siv dav tsis yog hauv chav dej xwb, tab sis kuj hauv chav ua noj, nrog rau hauv chav nyob. Ntau tus twb tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov vuas, uas yog:
- Nyob rau hauv siab hnav tsis kam. Cov khoom siv tsis poob nws qhov tsos rau ntau xyoo lawm. Tsis zoo li cov ntawv ntsa thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv tiav, cov vuas tsis plam xim, tsis txhob pos huab, thiab nyuaj rau kev puas tsuaj. Los ntawm txoj kev, raws li kev hnav tsis kam, cov khoom no tau muab faib ua tsib pawg. Yog tias koj npaj yuav cov vuas chav dej, qib peb txaus. Cov khoom lag luam hauv pawg no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau txhua qhov chaw hauv tsev.
- Hluav taws kub. Cov khoom siv tsis ntshai hluav taws thiab tsis tawm cov tshuaj lom, yog li nws feem ntau siv los ua kom tiav qhov cub thiab npaj cov cua sov hauv qab.
- Practicality. Cov khoom tsis nyiam plua plav thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntau zaus.
- Kev huv. Cov vuas tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob phem, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov chav uas muaj av noo siab.
Yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis hauv pem teb? Txoj haujlwm no muaj ob peb kauj ruam. Peb yuav piav qhia txhua yam hauv qab no.
Kauj Ruam 1: Kev npaj
Txhawm rau kom qhov tshwm sim saum npoo zoo ib yam thiab ruaj khov, koj yuav tsum npaj cov phab ntsa lossis hauv pem teb kom zoo. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, los ntawm lub renovated thaj chaw koj xav tautshem tawm tag nrho cov rooj tog, khoom siv thiab khoom siv. Yog li peb yuav pab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Yog tias kho hauv chav dej lossis chav dej, nws tsim nyog tshem lub tais tso quav, dab dej, thiab tseem kaw cov dej.
Koj tso cov vuas nrog koj txhais tes li cas? Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum xub rhuav lub qub qub. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv lub cuab yeej xws li puncher. Nrog lawv peb nuv cov npoo ntawm cov pobzeb qub thiab yog li rhuav tshem nws. Tsis txhob ntshai ua kom puas cov pobzeb nrog rau cov cement mortar. Cov khoom qub qub ntawm qhov chaw, qhov zoo dua.
Thov nco ntsoov: tsis txhob cia siab tias qhov tsis sib xws tuaj yeem kho tau yav tom ntej los ntawm kev siv ntau cov tshuaj. Yog li koj yuav tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog li ntawd, tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov pobzeb qub, peb yuav tsum tsim ib lub screed, thiab yog tias nws yog chav dej, ces kuj yog ib txheej waterproofing.
Screed yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev. Qhov no yog txoj kev qhuav thiab ntub. Yog tias koj xav tau nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo ua qhov no ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb. Qhov no yog qhov ntub screed. Ua ntej tso cov vuas, theem saum npoo nrog cov cement mortar nrog koj txhais tes. Yog tias cov no yog cov phab ntsa, lawv tseem yuav tsum tau plastered. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb reinforcing mesh. Putty kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig xav tau yuav tsis ua haujlwm, vim tias cov khoom no cuam tshuam adhesion. Nws tseem tsim nyog tshem tawm tag nrho cov rooj zaum thiab cov rooj zaum ntawm lub qhov rooj.
Kauj Ruam 2: khij thiab txhim kho kev txhawb nqa
Ua ntej tso cov vuas hauv chav ua noj, koj yuav tsum npaj cov cim rau thawj kab:
- Yog qhov nophab ntsa, nyob rau hauv qis tshaj ib tug ntoo lath los yog ib tug yas ces kaum yog txuas. Nws yog nyob ntawm nws tias thawj kab ntawm cov khoom siv raws li. Tom ntej no, kos ib kab nrog ib tug kav dej kab. Yog li peb yuav tswj cov theem ntsug ntawm kev tso. Yog tias koj siv cov vuas ntau xim, cov ntsiab lus nteg yuav tsum tau cim nrog cov cim, qhov ntxoov ntxoo uas txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
- Yog tias peb muab cov vuas rau hauv pem teb nrog peb tus kheej tes, kos ib kab ntawm qhov sib nrug ntawm thawj kab. Ua li cas txog cov khoom siv ntau xim? Qhov chaw ntawm cov vuas yuav tsum tau cim rau hauv cov chaw uas nws yuav txawv ntawm cov qauv. Qhov no yuav yooj yim heev rau kev daws cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas rau hauv pem teb.
Kauj Ruam 3: nteg cov khoom zoo
Yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas rau ntawm phab ntsa nrog koj tus kheej tes tom ntej? Tom qab npaj cov cim thiab tag nrho cov lus qhia (yog tias nws yog cov khoom siv nrog cov qauv), peb mus rau kev teeb tsa. Ua li no, npaj ib qho kev daws ntawm pobzeb nplaum. Nws tuaj yeem ua siav lossis qhuav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, nws yuav tsum tau diluted nyob rau hauv qhov kev faib ua feem (nws yog txawv thiab qhia nyob rau hauv lub ntim los ntawm lub khw). Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, qhov sib xws ntawm cov kua nplaum yuav tsum zoo ib yam li cov slurry nyias.
Tau nws nrog ib qho trowel rau ntawm phab ntsa. Lub txheej yuav tsum nyias. Tom qab ntawd peb lean lub pobzeb ntawm qhov chaw. Peb tso nws ua ntej ntawm kev txhawb nqa lossis kev hla, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tib zoo muab cov pobzeb rau ntawm lub mortar. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los nias lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Txhawm rau kom cov kua nplaum ua kom tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv rov qab ntawm cov pobzeb, peb tig me ntsis tom qab raws li axis. Nov yog qhov peb ua tiav qhov siab tshaj plaws adhesion.
ThovNco ntsoov: nws yuav nyuaj heev rau dismantle xws li cov pobzeb tom qab siv nws rau hauv pem teb lossis phab ntsa. Kuv yuav tsum paub hais tias yog kuv nteg cov vuas rau hauv pem teb, lawv yuav tsum dag kom sib npaug li sai tau. Nws yog qee zaum tsis tuaj yeem txav nws qee yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Lwm lo lus nug nrov yog: "Yog tias kuv tso cov vuas rau hauv pem teb, kuv puas tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej pabcuam?" Cov kws tshaj lij muab cov lus teb zoo. Thaum tso cov vuas, koj tuaj yeem siv cov roj hmab mallet. Lawv ua rau lub teeb tawg ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Yog li, nws yog ze ze rau ntawm qhov chaw.
Yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas hauv chav dej? Koj yuav tsum paub qhov ntsuas. Tsis txhob nias lub pobzeb kom nruj (kom cov kua nplaum tawm ntawm cov npoo). Qhov khoob ntawm cov vuas yuav tsum huv. Lawv tseem yuav siv grout, uas yuav tiv thaiv qhov chaw los ntawm ya raws thiab av nkag mus rau hauv, thiab kuj muab ib tug zoo nkauj tsos.
Puas muaj peev xwm nteg cov vuas ntawm lub dab da dej ua khub? Yog tias koj txhais tes puv thiab koj ntseeg hauv koj lub peev xwm, koj tuaj yeem nruab ob peb lub vuas ib zaug ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txhua tus yuav tsum tau zaum hauv ib lub voj voog kom cov tshuaj sib kis kom sib npaug li ntau tau tshaj qhov chaw. Ces cov ntoo khaub lig faib rau hauv qhov khoob.
Nrog txhua kab tshiab koj yuav tsum siv qib. Peb xyuas nrog lawv nyob deb npaum li cas kab tau mus rau sab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov kev sib txawv no yuav tsum tsis yog. Yog tias koj txheeb xyuas txhua kab tshiab ntawm qhov cim, koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov teeb meem no. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tam sim pib nteg ib kab tshiab. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tiv taus lub sijhawm me ntsis kom txog thaum cov pobzeb tuav ib txwm. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau siv cov vuas tom ntejnto.
Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tso ib kab tshiab, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob ncua. Yog tias koj tseem yuav tau so, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm cov nplaum nplaum nyob ib ncig ntawm cov npoo (tsis yog hauv qab cov vuas - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb). Yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, txheej yuav qhuav, thiab qhov no yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom sib txuas.
Kauj Ruam 4: nteg cov pobzeb uas ploj lawm
Tom qab tso cov khoom siv, koj tuaj yeem pib txiav thiab txuas cov khoom ploj. Qhov no yuav ua li cas? Nws raug nquahu kom txiav cov nplais nrog cov nplais cutter. Nws tuaj yeem yog hom phau ntawv lossis hluav taws xob. Thaum tsis muaj cov khoom siv zoo li no, peb siv lub tshuab txiav iav los yog grinder nrog rau hom vaj huam sib luag tsim nyog. Thov nco ntsoov tias muaj hmoov av ntau ntau thaum txiav khoom.
Yog li ntawd, nws yuav pab tau kom muaj lub tshuab ua pa. Hauv qhov no, nws yog qhov zoo dua los qhib lub qhov rais kom cov plua plav tawm hauv chav sai dua. Yog tias koj yuav tsum tsim qhov tsis sib xws, siv cov nplais pobzeb txiav los yog lub tshuab nrog lub pob zeb diamond log.
Kauj Ruam 5: Grout
txheej txheem no tseem hu ua kev sib koom ua ke. Tab sis koj yuav tsum pib nws tsuas yog tom qab cov tshuaj tau qhuav tag. Tom qab tso cov pobzeb, nws tsim nyog tso nws tsawg kawg ib hnub ntawm chav tsev kub. Yog tias nws nyob nraum zoov, tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum taug kev ntawm lub sijhawm no. Yog li, involuntary deformations ntawm cov khoom yog ua tau. Hnub tom qab, koj tuaj yeem nyab xeeb tshem tawm cov ntoo khaub lig thiab ua kev sib koom ua ke. Muaj ntau hom grouts:
- YSilicon.
- Epoxy.
- Cement based.
Nws tsim nyog xaiv qhov yog raws li cov xim ntawm cov pobzeb. Nco ntsoov tias cov cement grout tsuas yog muag hauv daim ntawv qhuav xwb. Txhawm rau siv nws yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej. Epoxy thiab silicone yog muag npaj txhij, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov hlab nrog ib tug nyias nozzle rau ib rab phom.
Txawm hais tias xaiv grout hom twg, ua ntej ua haujlwm nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntxuav qhov chaw thiab cov seams ntawm cov vuas los ntawm hmoov av. Txhua lub ces kaum yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua tiav. Plua plav nyiam tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis muaj kev cia siab tshaj plaws. Ua li no, siv lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum nrog lub nozzle tsim nyog.
YYog siv silicone lossis epoxy grout, nco ntsoov npog cov nplais nrog daim kab xev npog. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav qhov sib tov los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov pobzeb yam tsis muaj khawb.
Nyob rau theem tom ntej, siv cov roj hmab spatula, siv me me ntawm grout thiab nias rau hauv seam. Nruab lub spatula hla lub seam. Tom qab ntawd, tam sim ntawd tshem tawm cov tshaj nrog ib daim ntaub ntub dej. Tsis txhob cia grout qhuav rau ntawm qhov chaw glazed. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ua txhua qhov seams thiab qhov chaw zais. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum lub grout ua khov. Tom qab ib hnub, peb thaum kawg ntxuav cov nplais. Qhov no ua tiav cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa pobzeb.
About txiav vuas
Ua ntej tso cov vuas nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes, suav cov lej ntawm tag nrho thiab txiav daim. Nws yog ib advisable mus khaws cov vuas nrog ib tug margin. Tseeb, thaum txiav, cov pobzeb feem ntau deformed. Raws li peb tau hais ua ntej,Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov haujlwm no nrog lub iav cutter lossis txawm tias lub grinder. Hauv thawj kis, cov txheej txheem zoo ib yam li txiav iav. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nruab lub txiav lub log ntawm lub cuab yeej ntawm ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kos nws raws kab cim ua ntej. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum ua scrapping. Tab sis nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua lub pobzeb tuaj yeem txiav tau li no. Piv txwv li, hauv pem teb muaj chav kawm muaj zog, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav nrog lub khob txiav. Yog li ntawd, ntawm no koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej nteg cov vuas hauv pem teb, koj yuav tsum tau ntim rau ntawm lub voj voog rau lub tshuab ua ntej los yog yuav cov pobzeb txiav. Qhov kawg, los ntawm txoj kev, tuaj yeem xauj. Cov pobzeb cutter muaj lub log loj loj (ntau tshaj ib thiab ib nrab centimeters). Nws tuaj yeem siv rau ob phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb.
Cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm nrog cov pobzeb txiav
Txiav ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo li no tau ua nyob rau ntau theem:
- Cov khoom raug teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tshwj xeeb, qhov twg siv txoj kab cim. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txoj kab txiav yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub cuab yeej.
- Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub cuab yeej muaj lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog lub log thiab qhov tseem ceeb, uas txav raws ob txoj kev. Lub carriage no yuav tsum tau txav deb ntawm koj. Tom ntej no, ib lub log txuas rau ntawm ntug ntawm cov pobzeb thiab txiav yog ua los ntawm lub siab.
Feem ntau ntawm cov lus nug tsis yog txiav ncaj, tab sis kev siv cov kab curly nrog ob peb khoov lossis ib lub voj voog. Qhov no feem ntau yog ua yog tias cov pobzeb npog lub qhov hluav taws xob lossis cov kav dej. Yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv xws li mob? Ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm cov duab ntawm qhov txiav tawm ntawmglossy sab ntawm cov khoom thiab khiav raws txoj kab nrog lub log ntawm cov pobzeb cutter. Tom qab ntawd qhov tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov pobzeb raug tshem tawm kom txog thaum tsuas yog ib feem tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa. Feem ntau, xws li ntug yuav tsis sib xws. Yog li ntawd, cov kauj ruam kawg yuav ua tiav cov kab nrog cov ntaub ntawv (lossis zoo dua nrog hluav taws xob jigsaw). Cov vuas puas tuaj yeem tso rau saum cov vuas qub?
Lo lus nug no ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntau tus uas xav kho hauv tsev lossis chav tsev. Feem ntau, cov tswv xav txuag lub sijhawm thiab txiav txim siab los txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov vuas qub. Cov kws txawj hais li cas txog qhov no? Tso cov vuas nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yog ua tau, tab sis tsis tas li. Yog li, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas qhov zoo ntawm adhesion ntawm cov pobzeb qub rau saum npoo av thiab phab ntsa. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog rauj. Yog hais tias cov khoom trembles thiab vibrates raws li kev cuam tshuam, ces nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau nteg cov vuas rau nws. Nws tsuas yog poob tom qab ib pliag. Nws kuj yog tsis yooj yim sua rau nruab cov vuas rau ib tug qub yog hais tias tom kawg muaj o los yog tawg. Kev teeb tsa tuaj yeem pib tsuas yog thaum cov khoom siv ruaj khov rau saum npoo.
Koj tso ib pobzeb tshiab rau saum ib lub qub li cas? Muaj ntau txoj kev. Muaj ntau tus kws tshaj lij ua cov ntawv txiav thiab txiav tawm cov glaze nrog lub grinder. Tab sis tag nrho cov haujlwm no tuaj yeem raug cais tawm yog tias siv cov primer tshwj xeeb (xws li "Betonokontakt"). Cov khoom no yog siv rau saum npoo nrog txhuam los yog cov menyuam. Thov nco ntsoov: qhov saum npoo yuav tsum tau ua ntej ntxuav ntawm plua plav thiab av, thiab kuj zoo degreased. Qhov no yog tib txoj hauv kev los xyuas kom meej qhov nruj ntawm cov pobzeb tshiab rau qhov qub. Qhov nruab nrab noj"Concrete contact" yog 300 grams ib square meter.
Cov khoom no yog tsim los ntawm acrylic. Nws muaj cov cement, xuab zeb thiab tshwj xeeb muab tub lim tsim los ua kom cov adhesion ntawm qhov sib tov. Tom qab siv cov khoom, qhov saum npoo yuav ntxhib. Koj yuav tsum tau tos kom txog thaum cov khoom dries me ntsis. Tom qab daim ntawv thov, qhov sib tov dries li ntawm peb teev. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov vuas tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm cov tshuaj nplaum no. Yuav ua li cas koj nteg ib lub pobzeb tshiab rau saum ib lub qub? Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li thaum txhim kho cov vuas ntawm ib tug pa npaj nto. Cov cuab yeej tso tau zoo ib yam li tau piav qhia saum toj no.
cov lus qhia pab tau
Txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa pobzeb yooj yim thiab yooj yim li sai tau, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ob peb lub tswv yim:
- Koj yuav tsum tau sim ua kom haum cov vuas ua ke mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws yam tsis muaj kev txiav. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, peb hloov cov kab kom cov pobzeb kawg tseem nyob tsis tau. Thiab cov vuas dav tsuas haum rau qhov sib txawv.
- Thaum tso cov khoom hauv chav ua noj, nws tsim nyog kos cov kab hauv txoj hauv kev uas qis dua yog tsim los ntawm daim, thiab sab saud los ntawm cov vuas khoom. Sab saum toj ntawm phab ntsa tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau catches lub qhov muag, thiab lub xub ntiag ntawm trimmings ho spoils lub tsos.
- Thaum tso cov khoom rau hauv txoj kev hauv tsev, nws raug nquahu kom nruab nrog cov phab ntsa ntev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov sib txawv me me ntawm ib pobzeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob yuam kev yav tom ntej, koj yuav tsum siv cov kab kos. Tseem ceeb,kom qhov seem qhib tsis tau nqaim dua ib daim ntawm cov pobzeb.
- Thaum siv ntau xim lossis curly styling, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kos npe ua ntej qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm kev tsim, duab thiab kev taw qhia. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom faib cov vuas diagonally los ua tus qauv xav tau.
- Nyeem cov lus qhia rau cov nplais nplaum uas koj siv. Qee cov tuam txhab tsim cov qauv tsim uas tsuas yog siv rau qhov chaw moistened. Cov nuances no yeej tsim nyog xav txog.
- Yuav cov vuas thiab nplaum nrog cov npoo. Qhov no yuav txuag lub sijhawm ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab tshawb nrhiav cov khoom zoo. Thiab yog tias cov kua nplaum tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv thawj lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse uas tuaj hla, ces cov vuas (tshwj xeeb yog cov tsim qauv) nyuaj heev.
Zaj lus
Yog li ntawd, peb tau txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas nteg cov vuas nrog koj tus kheej tes rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab hauv pem teb. Raws li koj tau pom, tus txheej txheem yog heev laborious. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob hloov cov kab, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua cov cim. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob nruab ib lub pobzeb tshiab rau ntawm ib qho qub yog tias nws tsis ua raws li qhov zoo. Vim yog qhov nce load, cov khoom qub yuav poob tag nrho. Yog siv cov vuas nrog cov qauv, cov kev hloov pauv yuav tsum raug cim kom raug. Txhawm rau kom phim qhov khoob, siv cov teeb pom kev zoo. Lawv raug ntsia raws cov npoo ntawm cov vuas los ntawm ntau sab.
