Ntau zaus, ntau yam kev ua tiav, xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev gypsum. Txawm tias cov neeg nyob deb ntawm kev kho thiab tsim qauv paub lub npe no. Tau ntau pua xyoo lawm, nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm thaj chaw.
Zoo heev hauv av tsev gypsum tsis tsim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phab ntsa tshiab thiab qub thiab qab nthab. Nws muaj cov qauv zoo heev thiab tsis tawg. Ua hauj lwm nrog plaster pib nrog nws nrog dej. Nrog txoj kev sib xws, cov khoom no zoo kawg nkaus ua cov kab nrib pleb thiab siv cov duab ntawm cov khoom me me.
Lub tsev gypsum muaj cov qauv ntxeem tau, yog li txhua qhov chaw kho nrog cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem nqus cov suab tsis zoo, yog li muab lub suab pov thawj ntawm chav. Cov xim dawb ntawm cov khoom siv no tso cai rau nws siv yam tsis muaj xim ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau ua kom dawb huv ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Koj tau txais cov khoom siv hauv tsev li cas? Ntuj gypsum pob zeb, uas muaj cov qauv crystalline, yog ua tiav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Hauv qhov no, qhov poob ntawm ¾ ntawm cov dej uas muaj nyob rau hauv nws tshwm sim, thiab cov ntxhia nws tus kheej hloov mus rau hauv hemihydrate, uas, thaum tov nrog dej.dua yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm ntuj pob zeb. Txij li thaum tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 1% ntawm lwm cov organic tshuaj ntxiv rau cov khoom siv ntuj thaum lub sij hawm tsim gypsum, nws yog ib puag ncig zoo rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog fireproof, yog li nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws. Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov khoom saum toj no, nws muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov dej noo ntau dhau hauv thaj chaw thaum nws nce thiab tso cov dej noo thaum nws qib qis.
Gypsum yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Cov khoom siv hauv tsev yog siv los tsim cov gypsum pob zeb thiab cov khoom siv gypsum, plaster qhuav, panels thiab muab faib boards, gypsum-lime plaster mortars. High-strength molding gypsum yog tsim los ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab tshwj xeeb refinement ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo tib yam, ua rau nws ntxuav thiab sib tsoo ntxiv. Stucco thiab lwm yam khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj rau sab hauv thiab facades yog tsim los ntawm nws. Lub tsev gypsum muab faib raws li lub sij hawm ntawm nws hardening: 2-15 feeb - ceev-ceev; 6-30 feeb - ib txwm teeb tsa; tshaj 20 feeb - qeeb qeeb.
Lub zog ntawm cov khoom no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov qib, uas txawv ntawm qhov txwv ntawm nws lub zog compressive (G-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 10, 19, 16, 22, 25). Plaster ntawm qib G-10, 16, 15 yog suav tias yog molding. Cov khoom no muaj yuav luag tsis muaj impurities thiab yog heev ruaj.
Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom no, nco ntsoov tias nws hardens sai sai, yog li tsis txhob ua noj tam sim ntawdib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm diluted gypsum. Tus nqi ntawm cov dej yuav tsum tau kom tau txais kev sib xyaw ntawm qhov ntom ntom, raws li txoj cai, yog 50-80% (rau kev tsim kho) thiab 35-45% rau kev tsim ntau yam khoom. Cov dej ntau dhau tuaj yeem nyob hauv qhov pores ntawm cov khoom tawv tawv, tom qab ntawd nws evaporates. Yog li ntawd, lub porosity ntawm lub tsev gypsum yuav yog li ntawm 50-60%. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov tsawg dua dej siv los dilute gypsum, qhov denser cov khoom tiav los yog txheej yuav yog thiab nws lub zog ntau dua. Kev nce lossis txo qhov kub yog qhov tsis zoo rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom tawv tawv. Txhawm rau kom muaj zog ntawm lub tsev gypsum, li 5% slaked txiv qaub yog qee zaum ntxiv rau nws.
Kev siv kho mob, lub npe hu ua polymer plaster yog tsim, uas yooj yim siv rau tus neeg mob lub cev raug mob nrog cov ntaub qhwv. Nws zoo kawg nkaus ua raws cov contours thiab tau nce extensibility. Cov khoom no muaj qhov porosity siab, yog li tib neeg cov tawv nqaij tseem ua pa dawb, uas tiv thaiv khaus. Qee zaum cov ntaub qhwv zoo li no tau siv kom cov neeg mob tuaj yeem ua qee yam kev txav. Cov khoom no tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem kho mob thiab kev kuaj X-ray.
