Qhov ua tsis tau yog tseem ua tau. Thiab qhov tseeb tseeb ntawm qhov no yog Penrose daim duab peb sab tsis yooj yim sua. Pom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua xeem, nws tseem yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv scientific. Thiab txawm tias nws yuav zoo li cas, koj tuaj yeem ua rau koj tus kheej. Thiab nws yooj yim heev ua li ntawd. Ntau tus kiv cua ntawm kev kos duab lossis sau origami tau ua qhov no tau ntev.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab peb sab Penrose
Muaj ntau lub npe rau daim duab no. Qee tus hu nws ua daim duab peb sab uas tsis tuaj yeem, lwm tus tsuas yog tribar. Tab sis feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom qhov txhais ntawm Penrose daim duab peb sab.
Cov lus txhais no txhais tau tias yog ib qho ntawm cov duab tseem ceeb uas ua tsis tau. Judging los ntawm lub npe, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tau xws li ib tug daim duab nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag. Tab sis hauv kev xyaum, nws tau raug pov thawj tias nws tseem muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov no. Qhov ntawd tsuas yog cov duab ntawm daim duab peb sab, daim duab yuav siv, yog tias koj saib nws los ntawm ib qho chaw ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Los ntawm txhua sabdaim duab yog tiag tiag. Nws sawv cev peb ntug ntawm ib lub voos xwmfab. Thiab ua tus qauv zoo sib xws yog ib qho yooj yim.
Discovery keeb kwm
Lub Penrose Daim duab peb sab tau pom rov qab rau xyoo 1934 los ntawm Swedish artist Oscar Reutersvärd. Daim duab tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub cubes sib sau ua ke. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, tus kws kos duab pib hu ua "tus txiv ntawm cov duab tsis yooj yim sua."
Tej zaum daim duab Reutersvärd tseem tsis tau paub tsawg. Tab sis xyoo 1954, Swedish tus lej lej Roger Penrose tau sau ib daim ntawv ntawm cov lej tsis tuaj yeem. Qhov no yog qhov thib ob yug ntawm daim duab peb sab. Muaj tseeb, tus kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm nws hauv daim ntawv paub ntau dua. Nws tsis siv cov kab, tab sis kab teeb. Peb kab teeb tau txuas rau ib leeg ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 degrees. Qhov txawv kuj yog tias Reutersvärd siv qhov kev xav sib luag thaum kos duab. Thiab Penrose tau siv txoj kev pom zoo, uas ua rau kev kos duab tsis yooj yim dua. Xws li daim duab peb sab tau luam tawm xyoo 1958 hauv phau ntawv xov xwm British psychology.
Xyoo 1961, tus kws kos duab Maurits Escher (Holland) tau tsim ib qho ntawm nws cov lithographs nrov tshaj plaws "Dej". Nws tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm kab lus hais txog cov duab tsis yooj yim.
Nyob rau xyoo 1980, pab pawg neeg thiab lwm cov duab tsis tuaj yeem tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov nyiaj muas noj ntawm Sweden. Qhov no mus tau ntau xyoo.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem (ntau qhov tseeb, hauv 1999), ib qho duab puab txhuas tau tsim hauv Australia, piav qhia txog Penrose daim duab peb sab. Nws mus txog qhov siab ntawm 13 meters. Cov duab puab zoo sib xws, tsuas yog me me xwb, kuj pom muaj nyob hauv lwm lub tebchaws.
Impossible in reality
Raws li koj yuav tau twv, daim duab peb sab Penrose tsis yog daim duab peb sab tiag tiag hauv qhov kev nkag siab ib txwm. Nws yog peb sab ntawm ib lub voos xwmfab. Tab sis yog tias koj saib los ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse, koj tau txais qhov illusion ntawm daim duab peb sab vim qhov tseeb tias 2 lub kaum ntse ntse sib npaug ntawm lub dav hlau. Qhov ze tshaj plaws los ntawm tus saib thiab cov ces kaum nyob deb yog qhov pom kev ua ke.
Yog tias koj ceev faj, koj tuaj yeem twv tau tias lub tri-bar tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis yog kev dag ntxias. Qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag ntawm daim duab tuaj yeem muab cov duab ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm nws. Nws qhia tau hais tias qhov tseeb cov ces kaum tsis txuas nrog. Thiab, tau kawg, txhua yam yuav pom tseeb yog tias koj khaws daim duab.
Tsim daim duab nrog koj tus kheej tes
Penrose daim duab peb sab tuaj yeem sib sau los ntawm koj tus kheej. Piv txwv li, los ntawm daim ntawv los yog cardboard. Thiab cov duab kos yuav pab tau qhov no. Lawv tsuas yog yuav tsum tau luam tawm thiab nplaum. Muaj ob daim duab hauv Internet. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib qho yooj yim me ntsis, lwm qhov nyuaj dua, tab sis nrov dua. Ob leeg tau pom hauv cov duab.
Penrose Daim duab peb sab yuav yog ib qho khoom nthuav uas cov qhua yuav nyiam. Nws yeej yuav tsis mus unnoticed. Thawj kauj ruam los tsim nws yog los npaj cov schema. Nws raug xa mus rau daim ntawv (cardboard) siv lub tshuab luam ntawv. Thiab ces nws tseem yooj yim dua. Nws tsuas yog yuav tsum tau txiav ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter. Daim duab kos twb muaj tag nrho cov kab tsim nyog. Nws yuav yooj yim dua los ua haujlwm nrog cov ntawv tuab. Yog tias daim duab luam tawm raudaim ntawv nyias, tab sis koj xav tau ib yam dab tsi denser, qhov dawb paug tsuas yog siv rau cov khoom xaiv thiab txiav tawm raws qhov contour. Txhawm rau kom tus qauv txav mus los, koj tuaj yeem txuas nrog daim ntawv clips.
Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab cov kab uas lub workpiece yuav khoov. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog sawv cev los ntawm kab dotted hauv daim duab. Peb khoov ib feem. Tom ntej no, peb txiav txim siab qhov chaw uas yuav raug gluing. Lawv coated nrog PVA kua nplaum. Ntu yog txuas rau hauv ib daim duab.
Kev nthuav dav tuaj yeem pleev xim. Los yog koj tuaj yeem pib siv cov duab los qhia xim.
Kev kos duab tsis tuaj yeem
Penrose daim duab peb sab kuj tuaj yeem kos tau. Yuav pib nrog, ib qho yooj yim square yog kos rau ntawm daim ntawv. Nws qhov loj me tsis muaj teeb meem. Nrog lub hauv paus ntawm sab hauv qab ntawm lub square, ib daim duab peb sab yog kos. Cov duab plaub me yog kos rau hauv nws cov ces kaum sab hauv. Lawv ob sab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, tsuas yog cov uas zoo sib xws nrog daim duab peb sab. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum yog daim duab peb sab nrog cov kaum sab xis.
Ib kab ncaj yog kos los ntawm sab laug ntawm lub kaum sab xis saum toj. Tib kab, tab sis luv me ntsis, yog kos los ntawm sab laug ces kaum. Ib txoj kab txuas ntawm lub ces kaum sab xis yog kos mus rau lub hauv paus ntawm daim duab peb sab. Nws hloov tawm qhov thib ob dimension.
Raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov thib ob, qhov thib peb yog kos. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov kab yog raws li lub kaum sab xis ntawm daim duab, tsis yog thawj, tab sis qhov thib ob dimension.
