Thaum xav txog lub tswv yim zoo li qib cement, ib qho yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm, uas GOST 30515-97 tuaj yeem sau tseg, uas faib tag nrho cov cement rau hauv kev tsim tshwj xeeb thiab dav dav. Cov cement sib tov tuaj yeem muaj cov hauv paus sib txawv (ferritic, aluminous lossis Portland cement clinker) thiab muaj ntau yam ntxhia ntxiv.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias cov hom sib txawv ntawm cov cement muaj ntau theem ntawm compressive zog, sib txawv qhov chaw ceev (ceev ceev thiab ib txwm hardening), sib txawv lub sij hawm - muaj cov mix uas pib harden tsawg tshaj li 45 feeb, thiab muaj teeb tsa qeeb (ntau 2 teev).
Txhua qib ntawm cov cement yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem, suav nrog: qee yam khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg, thickening lub sij hawm, compressive zog, nws tus kheej-stressing, cement paste ntom, linear expansion, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau (chlorine ion, sulfur. oxide, oxide magnesium), dej sib cais, cua sov dissipation thiab lwm yam ntxwv.
Koj tuaj yeem kawm txog qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov cement sib tov los ntawm nwsnpe. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov cement yog muab rau saum toj no GOST, nrog rau hauv GOST 10178-85. Yog tias lub npe pib nrog PTs, ces cov no yog qib cement raws li Portland cement clinker, thiab yog tias nyob rau ShPTs, ces peb muaj Portland slag cement nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm slag mass (ntau tshaj 20%).
Tom qab tag nrho lossis lub npe luv yog cov lej hauv ntau pua, uas txhais tau tias lub zog muaj zog. Portland cements yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 600, 550, 500, 400, rau Portland slag cements - tus lej ntawm 500 mus rau 300. Lub npe kuj qhia txog qhov ntau tshaj ntawm cov additives los ntawm D0 (tsis muaj additives) rau D20 (additives - 20%).). Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov qhia txog kev tawv tawv sai sai (B), plasticization thiab hydrophobization ntawm cov cement sib tov (PL, GF), kev tsim cov cement los ntawm clinker nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg (H) thiab qhov txuas mus rau qhov sib thooj GOST.
Piv txwv li, cement qib PC550-D5-B-PL yog Portland cement nrog lub zog ntawm 550, nrog 5% additives, ceev-hardening thiab plasticized.
Thaum txhim kho lub tsev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog xoom yuav ua tau zoo. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau lub hauv paus, uas feem ntau yog ua los ntawm pob zeb. Pob zeb yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov cement, xuab zeb thiab gravel. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov cement rau lub hauv paus yuav tsum muaj lub zog txaus compressive (400-500), thiab ntau dua tus lej no, qhov tsawg dua ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua tau. Piv txwv li, rau qib 400 xis mas, cov khoom seem yog muab rau hauv qhov kev faib ua feem 1\3\3, thiab rau qib 500 cement - 1\4\4, feem.
Cement yog cov khoom sivuas absorbs dej zoo heev, uas undoubtedly cuam tshuam nws cov khoom - nws nws thiaj li poob nws lub zog tshaj tawm. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv hom ntawm cov cement rau kev tsim ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum tau saib hnub ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab qhia cov xwm txheej khaws cia, vim tias. cement qib 400 poob 10% ntawm nws lub zog hauv ib hlis ntawm kev cia, thiab hauv ib nrab xyoo nws tuaj yeem poob 30% ntawm tus yam ntxwv no thiab dhau los ua qib 280 cement.
