Lub xob laim tawm, uas ntog rau ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qauv, yog nrog los ntawm cov nyhuv electromagnetic zoo. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, adversely cuam tshuam rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv xob laim tso cai rau koj txo qis kev puas tsuaj rau cov cable conductors thiab txo qis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntaus ib yam khoom nrog tus nqi zog.
qauv
xob laim yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm, khaws kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg nyob hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim. Kev tiv thaiv xob laim muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Discharge receiver.
- Siab.
- xov xwm.
Yam kev tiv thaiv xob laim
Tam sim no, kev siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob muaj qhov txawv txav. Cov tsoos - passive version muaj ib tug tso zis receiver, ib tug tam sim no-nqa khoom thiab grounding. Kev khiav hauj lwm txoj caixws li ib tug system yog heev yooj yim. Txoj hlua hluav taws xob siv rau ntawm xob laim tawm tsam, tom qab ntawd nws coj nws mus rau hauv av los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Thaum kawg, qhov tso tawm yog tua hauv av.
Nyob rau hauv lem, lub active xob tiv thaiv system ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm huab cua ionization. Vim qhov no tshwm sim, kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tso tawm tshwm sim. Cov kab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob muaj xws li tib lub ntsiab lus xws li passive sawv daws yuav. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov ntau yog loj dua thiab ncav cuag li 100 meters. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom uas lub ntsiab ntawm lub system yog mounted, tab sis kuj nyob ze cov tsev yog tiv thaiv.
Kev tiv thaiv xob laim ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias qhov kev xaiv no nyiam los ntawm cov neeg siv hauv ntau lub tebchaws tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem no ntau dua.
Kev xaiv rau cov khoom xa tawm
Nyob rau hauv tus qauv version, tus txais tag nrho yog ib tug zoo tib yam hlau pin, uas yog mounted nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsug txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los kho cov khoom no ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws, qhib qhov chaw ntawm lub ru tsev. Yog hais tias lub tsev muaj ib tug complex ru tsev qauv, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev nce qib ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, nws raug nquahu kom nruab ob peb qhov tso tawm receivers.
Kev sib txawv ntawm cov hlua hluav taws xob yog qhov txawv, uas txawv raws li lawv tus qauv:
- Pin tiv thaiv.
- hlau cable.
- xob laim mesh.
Pin tiv thaiv
Yog tias cov qauv muaj lub ru tsev hlau, ces qhov kev daws teeb meem yog los txhim kho tus pin hluav taws xob tiv thaiv kab ke. Lub tso zis receiver nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug standard hlau pas nrig yog mounted rau ib tug toj. Lub tom kawg yog txuas rau hauv av los ntawm cov conductors down.
Kev tiv thaiv tus pin tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib puag ncig hlau pas nrig nrog ntu ntu ntawm yam tsawg 8 hli los yog ib daim kab xev ntawm cov hlau uas tsis muaj 25 x 4. Qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom tau txais cov paug yuav tsum yog xws li tias nws qhov kawg nce siab tshaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom kwv yees li 2 meters.
Lub peev xwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim thiab hauv av los tiv thaiv thaj chaw loj los ntawm kev tawm tsam ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm tus pin. Qhov chaw uas tus pas nrig hluav taws xob tiv thaiv tau txhais tias yog lub voj voog uas muaj lub vojvoog zoo ib yam rau qhov siab ntawm tus pas nrig.
tiv thaiv kab
Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm lub ru tsev npog nrog slate, lub xob laim tso zis receiver yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug hlau cable. Lub tom kawg yog rub los ntawm txoj kab ntawm lub ru tsev. Qhov siab ntawm nws qhov chaw yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 0.5 meters los ntawm qhov chaw.
Yog tias tsim nyog los tsim kev tiv thaiv kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws, kev txhawb nqa hlau yog siv los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov kev tiv thaiv kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws Txoj kev no kuj tseem siv tau rau cov tsev nrog cov ru tsev ntoo thiab cov ru tsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov vuas luaj ceramic.
Mesh tiv thaiv
Qhov kev daws teeb meem no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws los siv. ua li casraws li txoj cai, nws yog siv rau lub ru tsev nrog cov vuas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus tso zis receiver yog ib tug hlau mesh nteg nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev. Qhov hla ntawm cov hluav taws xob conductors nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 6 hli, thiab lub xov tooj ntawm tes yuav tsum yog 6 x 6 m.
Qhov kev txiav txim siab yog txuas nrog tus neeg xyuas pib thiab cov khoom siv hauv av los ntawm vuam. Thaum tsis muaj qhov ua tau no, kev siv cov bolted fasteners raug tso cai.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov conductors ntawm no yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov hlau sib txuas. Lawv muab tso rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm grounding raws phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev, kho cov hluav taws xob conductors nrog tshwj xeeb brackets.
Txoj hauv kev rau kev tso cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog xaiv raws li txoj hauv kev uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lub qhov rooj, qhov rais, porches, lub qhov rooj hlau qhov rooj, thiab lwm yam qauv uas tib neeg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm khoom siv.
Yog tias ib lub tsev muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau (polystyrene ua npuas ncauj, ntoo, yas) hauv nws cov qauv, cov khoom siv hauv qab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 15-20 cm ntawm qhov chaw, thunderstorms ntev.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, ib qho kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sab hauv tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa, uas suav nrog kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb cov neeg ntes uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kub ntxhov. Cov chaw zoo li no tau muab tso rau ze ze rau qhov chaw nkag ntawm lub hwj chim cable rau hauv qhov chaw.
Sab
Ua raws li lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim. Tsim los hloov cov nqi mus rau hauv av voj.
Cov hlau lead tam sim no yog cov hlau hlau uas muaj qhov tuab ntawm tsawg kawg 6 hli, uas txuas nrog cov khoom xa tawm. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tso cai rau koj tua cov loads txog 200,000 Amps. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev sib txuas cov khoom siv no yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhim khu kev qha vuam, uas tshem tawm qhov ua tau ntawm cov pob qij txha thiab loosening ntawm fasteners nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm cua, thaum ntog daus txheej.
Cov hmoov txhuas tam sim no tau txo qis raws cov phab ntsa ntawm cov khoom los ntawm lub ru tsev, kho tus neeg xyuas pib nrog cov brackets. Qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau hlau yog coj mus rau hauv av voj. Yog tias xob laim tiv thaiv cov tuam tsev thiab cov qauv tsim muaj kev teeb tsa ntawm ntau qhov kev coj ua, lawv nyob ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 20-25 meters ntawm ib leeg ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov rooj thiab qhov rais.
Raws li kev nyab xeeb, cov neeg tsav tsheb hauv qab yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom nrawm. Lub assumption ntawm xws miscalculations yuav ua rau kom lub txim paug nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib yam khoom raug ntaus los ntawm xob laim. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav ua rau cov qauv ignite.
Thaum txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv xob laim, nws tsim nyog ua kom tus neeg xyuas pib luv li sai tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws raug nquahu kom nruab nws los ze zog rau cov ntse ledges, cov npoo ntawm gables, dormers.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg sawv daws
Cov cuab yeej siv hauv av yog tsim los xyuas kom muaj cov paug tawm mus rau hauv av. Nws muaj ob peb interconnected electrodes hammered rau hauv av.
Thaum ib qho khoom raug muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, raws li cov cai, ib qho chaw yuav tsum tau pib muab rau txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas nrog lub network. Yog hais tias nws tsis nyob ntawd, npaj lub caij tsis yog li ntawd nyuaj. Rau qhov no, ib tug hlau los yog tooj liab conductor nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm 50-80 mm. Ib tug trench 3 m ntev thiab tsawg kawg yog 0.8 m tob yog dug, nyob rau hauv opposite sab ntawm lub recess, rods yog tsav nyob rau hauv, uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog ib tug steel crossbar los ntawm welding. Ib tug down conductor yog txuas mus rau lub resulting qauv. Thaum kawg, qhov chaw ntawm lub luj tshib yog pleev xim rau, tom qab ntawd cov qauv hauv av yog hammered rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench.
Tshuaj xyuas kev tiv thaiv xob laim
Kev ntsuas qhov kev tso tawm pov tseg suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag ntawm cov qauv tsim, nrog rau kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis kam. Sab nraud, qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm cov pas nrig, cov conductors thiab grounding raug kuaj xyuas. Tag nrho cov welds yog tapped nrog rauj.
ntsuas qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov av hauv av ntawm tus kheej cov hlua hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas bolted yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb sau npe raws li cov cai.
Nyob hauv qhov kawg
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev tiv thaiv xob laim ntawm ib qho khoom. Cov no lossis lwm cov kev daws teeb meem raug xaiv nyob ntawm qhov dav ntawm cov peev nyiaj, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qauv, qhov xav tau los xyuas kom meej ib theem ntawm kev ruaj ntseg.
Tam sim no, kev txhim kho cov phiaj xwm hluav taws xob thaum muab cov khoom siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis muaj kev tsim hluav taws xob tiv thaiv. Yam tsawg kawg nws lub xub ntiag tsis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev teeb tsa los tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm xob laim yog tsim los ntawm txhua tus tswv raws li kev xav ntawm tus kheej.
