Tib neeg tau paub txog kev sib tsoo rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Cov neeg siv pob zeb thiab xuab zeb los tsim thiab ua kom muaj riam, hmuv thiab xub xub thiab nuv ntses. Thawj abrasive yog sandstone, nyob rau hauv uas lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub active tshuaj yog ua si los ntawm lub me tshaj plaws nplej ntawm quartz. Txog thaum nrhiav tau cov txheej txheem hlau ua, cov khoom siv abrasive no ua tau rau kev loj hlob ntawm noob neej, txij li thaum ntawd tib neeg tsuas tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los ua cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm thiab riam phom.
Nws yog dab tsi los ntawm lub cev ntawm kev pom
Feem ntau, abrasives yog cov ntxhia nyuaj heev uas nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Mohs hardness nplai - los ntawm quartz mus rau pob zeb diamond. Tab sis txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv mos tuaj yeem ua qhov haujlwm no. Daim txhuam cev, ci dej qab zib, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo pits tuaj yeem raug hu ua abrasives. Peb ntsib lawv txhua hnub, thiab lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub neej niaj hnub ntawm tib neeg yog qhov zoo.
Cov txheej txheem dab tsi lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv?
Cov khoom siv abrasive feem ntau hu ua tsis yog vim nws lub cev, tab sis vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv. Muaj ob peb chav kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no. Tshwj xeeb, nyob rau hauv lub tshuab sandblasting, cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws tuaj yeem siv tau, uas nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj tsis muaj cov khoom siv abrasive. Cov cuab yeej siv no siv cov dej ntws muaj zog ntawm huab cua lossis dej, uas cov khoom me me ntawm qee cov khoom txav ntawm qhov nrawm. Qee zaum, siv cov khoom siv abrasive, uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab lim dej.
Sandblasting tshuab yog siv los txhuam thiab ua tiav qhov chaw thiab cov khoom tiav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv abrasive tuaj yeem nqa tau: los ntawm lub plhaub ntawm cov txiv ntoo thiab cov noob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov plhaub ntawm cov mollusks thiab lwm yam organic teeb meem rau cov khoom me tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau, slag, iav los yog ci dej qab zib..
Main Components
Quartz xuab zeb yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws abrasive rau sandblasting txuas hniav thiab lwm yam steel qauv. Hauv qhov no, kev tshem tawm xeb zoo heev tshwm sim, uas ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau muaj cov abrasives siab ceev. Raws li txoj cai, kev tu vaj tse hlau yuav tsum siv cov cua compressed. Nws ua raws li cov khoom siv accelerator thiab tsis muaj cov nyhuv corrosive ntxiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum, dej kuj siv tau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ntxuav pob zebcov qauv. Yuav luag tag nrho cov qauv tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntug dej hiav txwv ib ntus xav tau nws. Qhov tseeb yog tias txheej tuab ntawm ntsev thiab lwm yam sib xyaw ua ke loj hlob ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob rau lub sijhawm. Cov dej tshiab, uas cov khoom tsim nyog (abrasive) tau ntxiv yav dhau los, tsis tsuas yog tshem tawm ntawm cov pob zeb, tab sis kuj ua rau "desalination". Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov kev txiav txim no ua rau lub neej ntawm lub tsev nce ntxiv.
Polishing tiav cov khoom
Polishing yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov abrasives xav tau zoo. Raws li txoj cai, tshwj xeeb pastes lossis mos disks, nrog rau cov khoom sib txuas raws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws, yog siv los ua kom tiav cov khoom tiav lossis qee qhov chaw. Txawm tias yooj yim abrasive daim txhuam cev yog nyob rau hauv kev thov. Cerium oxide, pob zeb diamond, quartz, hlau oxide thiab chromium oxides yog cov khoom siv feem ntau niaj hnub no.
Novaculite (ntab siliceous pob zeb) kuj yog cov khoom siv zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom polishing. Cerium oxide yog cov ntxhia ntau tshaj plaws siv los txhuam iav. Cov tshuaj no tsis khawb nws, tab sis muab nws ib qho tshwj xeeb smoothness thiab ci. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, txawm li cas los xij, silicon carbide thiab cov pob zeb hluavtaws tau siv ntau dua rau lub hom phiaj no. Raws li lawv, ib qho tshwj xeeb kim thiab siv tau zoo abrasive yog tsim. Nws yog qhov zoo heev rau kev ua cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb "capricious".
Siv magnetic teb
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau thiab ntau zaus hauv kev lag luam pib xyaum cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txhuam. Qhov no tsis siv dej.nyob rau hauv siab thiab tsis compressed cua: qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hais ntawm abrasives hover nyob rau hauv ib tug haib magnetic teb, uas ua rau lub "sib tsoo log". Txoj kev no yog siv rau hauv precision engineering, raws li nws tuaj yeem siv los txhuam lossis ua kom cov qhov chaw uas ib txwm kim dhau thiab / lossis siv sijhawm los ua cov txheej txheem. Raws li abrasive, aluminium compounds nrog cov hlau uas muaj cov cuab yeej no feem ntau siv.
Magnetorheological polishing method
Nrog cov txheej txheem rheological polishing, cov cuab yeej "lub cev" tsis siv txhua. Cov ntaub ntawv yog tov nrog kua, nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm uas lawv tsiv nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob teb. Cov qauv no zoo ib yam li cov lus piav qhia saum toj no, thiab kuj tseem siv rau qee qhov hauv kev ua haujlwm precision thiab kev lag luam zoo sib xws.
Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, abrasives ua ntej sib xyaw nrog cov kua lossis cov khoom siv hluavtaws tau siv ntau dua hauv kev tsim khoom. Ib qho piv txwv zoo yog GOI wetted abrasive muab tshuaj txhuam raws li chromium oxide. Nws tau paub ntev, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo tas los no nws tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov yooj yim - tus nqi qis ntawm qhov sib xyaw no thiab nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab hauv polishing. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj abrasive maj mam ua rau cov khoom ua tiav yam tsis muaj khawb lossis ua rau nws puas.
Abrasive log rau lub kaum sab xis grinders ("grinders")
Lawv tsis yog siv rau polishing xwb. Abrasives kuj tseem tuaj yeem txiav cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv lub log sib tsoo nyias ua los ntawm aluminium oxide thiab phenoliclub suab. Muaj tsawg zaus, siv cov hlau abrasive disc. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb, hauv kev rho tawm ntawm marble hauv quarries. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov pob zeb no yog qhov ntom ntom, nws nyuaj rau txiav nrog cov saws zoo tib yam.
Raws li peb tau hais lawm, aluminium oxide, silicon carbide, pob zeb diamond dag thiab boron carbide yog siv rau sawing. Lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho abrasive disc, lawv kuj tseem siv los tsim cov saws tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv ruaj khov.
Cov cuab yeej siv tseem ceeb siv rau kev lag luam
Yog li, cov khoom sib xyaw no tsim nyog rau kev sib tsoo, polishing, txiav cov ntaub ntawv. Kev lag luam niaj hnub no feem ntau siv cov cuab yeej abrasive ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tus nqi qis ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Compounds ntawm natural keeb kwm yog ntau kim dua. Cov no suav nrog txhuas oxide, uas peb tau hais ntau zaus, nrog rau silicon carbide, zirconium dioxide, thiab hu ua superabrasives (pob zeb diamond lossis boron nitride).
Kev zam tsis tshua muaj thiab feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm corundum. Nws yog kim heev, thiab nws siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm yog heev txwv. Txawm tias tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, cov pob zeb diamond ntuj yog siv tsis tsim nyog rau kev txiav vim lawv qhov loj me me lossis cov qauv tsis xws luag.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev lag luam abrasives
keeb kwm ntawm kev lag luam abrasives rau kev sib tsoo log pib nrog cov khoom siv ntuj - quartz thiab silicon, nrog rau corundum. Nws yog tom kawg, los ntawm txoj kev, thawj zaug uas tau txais lub npe "emery". Nws yog thawj barabrasive. Kev tsis lees paub cov khoom siv ntuj tsim tau pib hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum thiab yuav luag tiav los ntawm nws qhov kawg. Thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm no tsis yog tsuas yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntuj. Qhov tseeb yog tias lawv txhua tus muaj cov cuab yeej nruj me ntsis uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv txhua txoj hauv kev. Synthetic abrasives, tsim nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, tuaj yeem sib txawv kiag li thiab zoo dua rau kev daws qee yam haujlwm atypical.
Piv txwv li, los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, qhov sib xyaw nrog cov duab zoo ib yam li cov nti tuaj yeem tsim tau. Cov khoom siv no yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev siv lub log polishing rau saum npoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, piv txwv li, titanium oxide nrog aluminium compounds. Cov abrasives no zoo tagnrho rau cov tawv tawv tshwj xeeb.
Thaum twg "kev sib tsoo" hauv kev lag luam tshwm sim?
Niaj hnub tsim khoom ntawm abrasives, suav nrog kev tsim cov log sib tsoo thiab cov tawv nqaij emery, yog qhov nyuaj los piav qhia vim muaj cov cim lag luam loj thiab patents, uas feem ntau piav qhia tib yam khoom. Kev daws rau cov kev sib tsoo zoo li no yog qhov yooj yim - vim tias qhov sib txawv me tshaj plaws hauv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, koj tuaj yeem sau npe rau cov cim lag luam tshiab. Tab sis dab tsi yog lub hauv paus rau hluavtaws abrasives, thiab thaum twg kev lag luam tau txais lub sijhawm los siv lawv ntawm qhov loj me?
Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm silicon carbide, ib qho ntxhia tsis pom nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej. Lub creation ntawm hluavtaws alumina nyob rau hauv 1890s tsuas yog txhawb kev pib ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1920Synthetic alumina, silicon carbide, garnet thiab corundum yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.
Tab sis qhov kev tawg tiag tiag tuaj rau xyoo 1938. Nws yog tom qab ntawd nws tau dhau los ua kom tau txais cov tshuaj ntshiab txhuas oxide, uas tam sim ntawd pom cov ntawv thov dav tshaj plaws hauv kev siv tshuab engineering. Tsis ntev nws tau pom tseeb tias kev sib xyaw ntawm zirconia thiab alumina yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev thov txiav cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov hlau tawv. Qhov no yog cov hmoov abrasive tiag tiag: nws khaws cov kev ua haujlwm siab, tab sis kuj pheej yig. Niaj hnub no, lub xibtes tseem tuav los ntawm hluavtaws aluminium oxide, uas tau khaws cov thawj microcrystalline qauv ntawm bauxite raw cov ntaub ntawv. Tshwj xeeb, qhov tshwj xeeb Cubitron ™ tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, nrog rau cov ceramic-raws li abrasives raws li SolGel ™ hom.
About "poj niam cov phooj ywg zoo tshaj"
Natural pob zeb diamond yog lub pob zeb qub tshaj plaws. Nws tau nrov hauv xyoo 1930. Muaj ob qho laj thawj rau qhov no. Ua ntej, kom txog rau thaum xyoo ntawd, qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb diamond mining tsuas yog negligible thiab lub cev tsis tuaj yeem npog qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam loj hlob. Qhov thib ob, vim muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kev ua tsov rog uas yuav tshwm sim, ntau lub tebchaws tau pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev los ua cov tungsten carbide siv tshuab. Cov tshuaj no tseem siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov cores rau armor-piercing projectiles.
Qhov teeb meem yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv no, uas ua rau abrasive yooj yim tsis siv. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1960 los ntawm General Electric Companycoj mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hluavtaws pob zeb diamond. Thaum kawg, kev tshawb fawb hauv cheeb tsam no ua rau pom qhov cubic boron nitride, CBN. Cov pob zeb diamond-tawv tawv no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lwm cov abrasives, raws li nws tuaj yeem cia cov hlau tawv tawv rau plua plav.
Tau kawg, tag nrho cov tshuaj abrasive no, ntxiv rau tag nrho lawv cov khoom zoo, muaj ib qho tsis zoo - tus nqi. Ib qho kev zam tsis ntev los no yog Abral abrasive, synthesized los ntawm European kev txhawj xeeb Pechiney. Lub tuam txhab no tau tsim ib hom "hloov rau pob zeb diamond", uas, thaum tsis inferior rau lawv nyob rau hauv hardness, ho yeej nyob rau hauv nqe.
Tab sis nws tsis yog cov abrasives lawv tus kheej uas tsav kev lag luam mus tom ntej. Qhov tseem ceeb heev yog cov ntaub ntawv siv los ua lub hauv paus rau lawv daim ntawv thov. Tshwj xeeb, thaum Bakelite tau tsim, nws tau dhau los ua kom sib zog dua tsis tau muaj zog sib tsoo log. Lawv grinded ntau tusyees, thiab abrasives tau zoo dua faib rau hauv lawv cov ntim sab hauv. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom siv tau zoo dua qub.
Sandpaper
Emery tawv nqaij siv cov khoom tsim thiab ntuj tsim, cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab txawm tias daim ntawv dawb ntxiv nrog cov woven fibers ua lub hauv paus. Qee zaum, "sandpaper" yog tau los ntawm impregnating ib daim ntaub nrog cov tshuaj raws li phenolic resins los yog dej (nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm abrasives, tau kawg). Kuj tseem tuaj yeem tau txais daim txhuam cev abrasive. Cov cuab yeej zoo li no tau paub dav rau yuav luag txhua tus, peb ntsib lawv tas li thiabtxhua hnub.
Peb tau piav qhia ntau yam kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Tab sis qhov tseeb yog qhov nruab nrab tus neeg tsis tau ntsib feem ntau ntawm lawv lub neej txhua. Yog li, ntau tus neeg paub txog cov pob zeb, whetstones lossis tib daim ntawv xuab zeb, ib tus neeg siv cov mesh abrasive. Tab sis ob peb tus neeg paub txog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas siv, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov tuam txhab ntawm cov kabmob lossis cov riam zoo ua los ntawm cov hlau tawv tawv. Tom qab, los ntawm txoj kev, yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom ntse nyob rau hauv tsev. "Sharpeners" rau lawv xav tau tshwj xeeb heev.
Daim ntawv thov twg tsim nyog rau qhov no lossis qhov abrasive?
Rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, xav tau superabrasives, uas peb tau hais luv luv hais saum toj no. Lawv kuj tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm emery tawv, txhuam txhuam, discs thiab voj voog. Yog li, hauv kev tsim cov riam los ntawm cov txheej txheem steel, cov tuam ntxhab siv aluminium oxide thiab silicon carbide. Kev tsim ntau lawm, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv ntau lub tshuab sandblasting: stainless hlau, pob bearings thiab kev ua haujlwm loj ntawm cov ntoo tawv tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, cov neeg ua lag luam tseem muaj tseeb rau "zoo qub" aluminium oxide. Cov hmoov abrasive no pheej yig tsis tau zoo heev.
Abrasives, ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj, ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm yuav luag txhua yam uas tib neeg cuam tshuam nrog txhua hnub. Hauv particular, tsis muaj lawv, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los tsim rooj plaub ua los ntawm anodized txhuas, uasthiaj li nrov nrog cov kiv cua ntawm "apple" cov khoom. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias ib qho yooj yim abrasive pob zeb "sib tsoo" lossis txawm tias daim ntawv xuab zeb zoo tib yam yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg txawj ntse uas tau sau thiab ua kom lawv txoj kev paub ntau xyoo.
Cov tuam txhab uas tsim ntau hom abrasives, sib tsoo lub log thiab cov tawv nqaij emery, siv cov kev paub theoretical uas muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam. Lawv raug coj los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais thaum kawm ntawm ceramics, dav siv chemistry, physics thiab metallurgy. Abrasives yeej ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig, lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom niaj hnub ntawm ntau lub lag luam.
