Txhua lo lus "kub-plated", "silver-plated", "chrome-plated" lossis "nickel-plated" twb tau nkag mus rau hauv cov lus qhia ntawm ib tug neeg niaj hnub no thiab pom tau los ntawm nws yuav luag tau txais.. Tsis muaj leej twg txawm xav tias tom qab tag nrho cov lus no yog ib qho kev siv tshuab uas tso cai rau tus neeg mus txog qib kev vam meej niaj hnub no - electroplating.
Electroplating - txheej txheem no yog dab tsi?
Ib txheej txheem electrochemical uas, nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, cov hlau tau tso rau ntawm qhov chaw xaiv hu ua electroplating. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem siv rau txhua yam khoom, txawm tias tsis yog hlau. Qhov no yog qhov txiav txim siab rau kev siv dav hauv electroplating hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam. Nrog nws, koj tuaj yeem gild, nyiaj, npib tsib xee thiab chrome plating txhua yam khoom, ennobling lawv cov tsos rau cov hom phiaj kho kom zoo nkauj lossis hloov lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm qhov chaw rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev coj ua dawb huv (kom hnav tsis kam, nce ntxiv.tsis kam mus txhom ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam). Cov khoom siv hauv rooj plaub no yog da dej galvanic.
Type of electroplating
Muaj ob hom kev siv tshuab no, uas tau siv dav tsis yog hauv ntau ceg ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no, tab sis kuj nyob hauv tsev. Thawj - electroplating - muaj raws li nws lub hom phiaj tsim cov ntawv luam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov hlau tso rau ntawm lawv. Qhov thib ob, feem ntau ob qho tib si hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab hauv kev tsim khoom, yog tsim kom nyias nyias - tsis muaj tuab dua li tib neeg cov plaub hau - txheej txheej ntawm tag nrho cov khoom nto thiab hu ua electroplating.
dab tsi yog plating da dej?
Txij li cov txheej txheem galvanic tshwm sim los ntawm electrolysis, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas siv cov tshuaj electrolytic thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Electroplating da dej yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov khoom saum toj no ntawm cov txheej txheem, tab sis cov khoom tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau nce ntxiv yog cov tshuaj (electrolyte) thiab lub thawv rau nws. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv electroplating lossis electroforming hauv tsev.
Cov kev cai dav dav ntau dua yog tsim rau cov thawv rau electroforming, uas, txawm hais tias muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm cov thawv no, txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav tsum ua raws li nruj me ntsis. Lawv yuav tsum yog hermetic thiab chemically nruab nrab rau cov tshuaj siv, muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov yuav tsum tau thermal tej yam kev mob.(cov cua kub ntawm plating da dej thiab lawv cov cua txias yuav tsum tau tswj), nrog rau kev saib xyuas yooj yim thiab nyab xeeb. Cov chav da dej yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv.
Txoj kev rau kev tsom xam ntawm electroplating da dej
Ua tsaug rau cov kev txhim kho niaj hnub no, cov cib fim tshiab tau tshwm sim rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov electrolyte siv hauv cov txheej txheem electroplating. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem, tau txais cov txheej txheem ntau dua thiab ruaj khov. Kev txheeb xyuas cov da dej galvanic hauv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev siv tshuaj thiab physico-chemical txoj kev. Hauv qhov thib ob, cov kev tshawb fawb photometric, polarographic, ampero- thiab potentiometric txoj kev tau siv, uas muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua los txiav txim siab qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm electrolyte.
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm galvanic capacities
Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem galvanic yog kev tiv thaiv cov thawv electrolyte los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuaj (acidic lossis alkaline) uas electrolysis tshwm sim. Yog tias lub dab da dej yog ua los ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab, xws li yas, ces tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis qhov no yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub nrog me me ntim. Yog tias peb siv cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam, tom qab ntawd hauv kev tsim khoom galvanic, ntim rau kev daws teeb meem yog ua los ntawm hlau. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm:
- tiv tauj nrog cov tshuaj, uas ua kom lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua;
- corrosion ntawm cov hlau, tsim tsis tsim impurities hauv cov tshuaj;
– distortions thiab hloov pauv hauv hluav taws xob.
Kev tiv thaiv zoo li no tuaj yeem muab los ntawm cov kab hauv ob sab ntawm cov da dej galvanic,nqa tawm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polymer siv cua kub vuam.
Ua dej da dej hauv tsev
Muaj ntau tus neeg xav kom muaj electroplating hauv lawv lub tsev lossis chaw nres tsheb. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov txheej txheem no tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb. Kev puas tsuaj thiab tawg vapors, cov tshuaj caustic thiab txawm tias muaj kuab lom, kev siv hluav taws xob ua rau nws nyuaj los ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Tab sis rau kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, xws li tooj liab plating, chrome plating, npib tsib xee plating ntawm cov khoom me me, lub plating da dej tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke los ntawm improvised txhais tau tias. Thiab txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam ntau yam tseem ceeb:
- lub thawv tshuaj yuav tsum nruj, tshuaj tsis haum thiab dielectric;
– tso pa tawm;
– muaj cov dej huv txaus - cov txheej txheem yooj yim tshaj plaws yuav tsum muaj tsib qhov dej ntws;
- muaj cov ntim khoom thiab txhais tau tias rau kev tshem tawm cov khib nyiab pov tseg thiab dej khib nyiab.
Cov qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov da dej galvanic tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm lub kaus mom yas los ntawm kev txiav lub hau nrog lub caj dab thiab txhawb nqa ob sab nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv. Tom qab ntawd, lub qhov rais lossis lub tsheb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub thawv raws li txoj kab txiav. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhuam, nws yuav tsum txuas cov hlua khi. Lub caj dab hauv lub hau txuas nrog lub hose kom tshem tawm cov vapors mus rau sab nraud - qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws tso pa tawm.
Tam sim no nws tseem yuav ua peb lub qhov rau cov rods nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lub thawv raws txoj kab txiav. Nws yog ntshaw kom ua rods los ntawm ib tug tooj liab raj nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 10-20 mm, nyiam dua ib tug tuab-walled ib tug. Qhov kawg ntawm cov hlab yog flattened thiab lub qhov yog drilled nyob rau hauv lawv mus cuag cov ncej los ntawm lub hwj chim qhov chaw. Anode daim hlau yog dai rau ntawm cov pas nrig nyob ntawm cov npoo thiab txuas nrog qhov ntxiv ntawm qhov chaw. Ib feem yog raug tshem tawm ntawm tus pas nrig hauv nruab nrab, uas yog lub cathode, txuas nrog cov xaim tsis zoo. Tam sim no
thiab qhov hluav taws xob raug xaiv nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm da dej.
Schemes of homemade galvanic baths
Cov txheej txheem yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm chav da dej galvanic suav nrog tsuas yog peb txoj haujlwm: kev npaj, txheej txheem galvanization tiag tiag thiab ua tiav. Thawj yog ntxuav, degreasing, etching thiab polishing ib yam khoom lossis ib feem - kev npaj. Qhov kev ua haujlwm thib peb tso cai rau koj nqa ib feem uas twb tau them nrog cov txheej txheem hlau mus rau "kev lag luam" zoo li passivation, polishing, thiab lwm yam. Txhua txoj haujlwm yuav tsum xaus nrog kev ntxuav hauv dej huv thiab txias. Thiab yog tias cov khoom raug kho nrog cov tshuaj alkaline, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntxuav ua ntej nrog dej kub thiab tom qab ntawd nrog dej txias.
Qhov yuav tsum tau coated yog txuas nrog lub cuab yeej tsis zoo hlau (cathode) thiab dipped rau hauv electrolyte. Cov xaim zoo yog txuas nrog lub npog hlau electrode (anode) uas tseem txo qis rau hauv cov tshuaj. Electrolysis yuav ua rau lub anode (+) yaj thiabtso hlau rau ntawm qhov cathode (–).
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Electroplating rau niaj hnub tsim khoom
Lub da dej electroplating, uas cov txheej txheem electroplating lossis electroplating tshwm sim, yog ob qho tib si lub hlwb ntawm kev nce qib thiab nws qhov txav mus rau ntawm kev lag luam. Vim hais tias ua tsaug rau galvanic coatings, cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov txheej txheem tau txhim kho, lawv cov khoom yog pheej yig dua, qhov siab tshaj plaws mating raug tiav, hnav tsis kam nce thiab tiv thaiv corrosion nce.
