Cov plag tsev ntoo yog feem ntau siv hauv cov cib qis, ntoo lossis ua npuas dej thaiv. Xws li cov qauv tsim muaj ntau yam zoo. Lawv tsis muaj qhov hnyav hnyav, tso cai rau koj ua yam tsis muaj cov khoom siv kim tshaj lij, muaj tus nqi tsim nyog thiab muaj lub zog siab. Cov khoom siv nws tus kheej tau yooj yim ua tiav, uas txhais tau hais tias tus tswv tsev tsis tas yuav ntiav cov kws tshaj lij lossis siv cov kev pabcuam hauv kev tsim kho.
Cov qauv zoo li no kuj zoo rau lawv qhov kev nkag tau yooj yim. Ntoo niaj hnub no tuaj yeem yuav ntawm tus nqi pheej yig, thiab cov khoom siv nws tus kheej kuj yog qhov txawv ntawm cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo.
Lub ntsiab nta
Cov plag tsev ntoo yog ntsia raws qhov dav ntawm qhov ntev, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 8 m. Koj tuaj yeem siv lub cav debarked ntawm txoj kab uas xav tau. Cov kauj ruam ntawm cov kab teeb yog suav nrog ntau yam thiab sib txawv ntawm 0.6-1 m.ntoo dabtsi yog khoov ntau dua hardwood.
Yuav kuaj xyuas cov khoom zoo li cas koj tus kheej
Beam los yog cav yuav tsum tau qhuav nyob rau hauv ib tug canopy nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Yog hais tias koj khob lub beam nrog lub pob tw, koj yuav tsum hnov lub suab meej. Qhov ntev ntawm cov kab teeb yuav tsum raug xaiv kom cov khoom lag luam tau ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub zes ntawm lub tsev log lossis brickwork, qhov no yuav ua kom ntseeg tau.
Qhia xaiv cov ntaub ntawv
Cov plag tsev ntoo, ntxiv rau cov kab teeb, yog tsim los siv:
- cranial bars;
- subfloor boards;
- chav tsev hauv pem teb rau saum;
- rwb thaiv tsev;
- zaj duab xis dej;
- dab neeg cover;
- tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov pob txha taub hau yuav tsum muaj ib ntu square nrog ib sab ntawm 50 hli. Lawv tsau rau hauv qab ntawm cov kab teeb thiab lub qab nthab yog hemmed. Rau subfloor boards, koj tuaj yeem siv txhua yam khoom siv, suav nrog tsis tau npaj. Ib tus nplaig thiab groove board tuaj yeem mus rau hauv pem teb ntawm sab saud. Raws li thermal rwb thaiv tsev hauv cov plag tsev ntoo, cov ntxhia pob zeb lossis cov khoom siv dov feem ntau yog siv, vim tias fiber ntau thermal rwb thaiv tsev tsis kub hnyiab thiab muaj suab nrov-absorbing zog. Qhov no ua rau nws sib nrug ntawm cov yas ua npuas ncauj.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm ya raws vapor, dej tsis zoo yuav tsum tau siv. Txhawm rau txhawm rau tshuaj tua kab mob, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv vov tsev los yog bituminous mastic.
Ntaus Ntaus
Cov plag tsev ntoo yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom thauj ntawm lawv, nrog rau cov khoom ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm phab ntsa thiab lwm yam nta. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv piav qhia yog tus nqi qis thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev, uas yog kwv yees li 50 xyoo.
Kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm tsis suav nrog kev siv cov cuab yeej kim thiab cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cuab yeej li ib txwm muaj nyob hauv tus tsim lub arsenal. Kev tsim ntawm cov plag tsev tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Qee zaum cov ntsiab lus nyob ntawm cov hlau lossis ntoo kab, plywood lossis ntoo trusses. Cov kev xaiv tom kawg feem ntau yog siv rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm thaj chaw loj, xws li gyms thiab khw muag khoom.
Thaum tsim ib lub tsev ntiag tug, qhov nyiam yuav tsum tau muab rau cov qab nthab teeb tsa ntawm cov kab ntoo. Kev tsim ntawm ib lub tsev ntoo tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm ib qho ntawm peb hom, uas txawv ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab kev ua haujlwm rau lawv. Peb tab tom tham txog interfloor, attic thiab qab nthab qab nthab. Lawv sab sauv yog ua los ntawm flooring, thaum lub cheeb tsam qis yog drywall.
Thaum tsim lub tsev cib, cov plag tsev ntoo feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv uas yog coated nrog cov khoom sib txuas kom ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom tsis zoo. Qhov no kuj pab txhim kho kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.
Thaum txhim kho cov plag tsev ntoo, sim tshem tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom siv. Rau cov khoom no, lawv raug kaw nrog tsis-combustible cua sov-insulatingcov ntaub ntawv. Cov chaw uas yuav pw ntawm phab ntsa cib yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov resin los yog npog nrog cov khoom siv vov tsev. Ntoo pem teb kab teeb ua lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tsim no. Lub thickness ntawm cov khoom nce mus txog 8 cm. Cov cav ntoo tuab yog siv, uas yog sawn rau hauv 4 qhov sib npaug. Rau ib kab, ob lub cav feem ntau yog siv, txhua qhov yog 5 cm tuab. Cov khoom sib cuam tshuam thiab txuas nrog rau tes.
Cov kab ntoo hauv pem teb tau teeb tsa rau ntawm phab ntsa cib, uas ua rau cov chaw so. Lawv loj yog 18 cm. Ceev yog muab los ntawm thauj tog rau nkoj bolts. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau kho rau lub cib. Thaum xaiv lub thickness ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, ib tug yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub kauj ruam ntawm lub beams thiab lub deflection ua tau, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tswj. Thaum txhim kho cov plag tsev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov seem ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob.
Xaiv nta
Ntoo pem teb ntawm ib lub tsev ntiag tug yog ntsia rau hauv tus account ntawm cov kab teeb nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam load. Yog tias tsim kom muaj lub tsev nyob tag nrho, tom qab ntawd nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 400 kg / m 2, yuav tsum siv 75 x 100 mm beam. Cov kauj ruam ntawm kev teeb tsa yuav yog 0.6 m. Qhov ncua sij hawm hauv qhov no yog 2 m. Yog tias tus nqi kawg yog nce mus rau 3 m, thiab cov kauj ruam kev teeb tsa tseem zoo ib yam, ces cov kab teeb yuav yog 75 x 200 mm.
Kev suav ntawm cov ntoo hauv pem teb kuj tuaj yeem nqa mus rau hauv tus account lwm yam tsis. Yog hais tias lub span yog 6 m, thiab cov kauj ruam installation yog 0.6 m, ces tus ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm lub beam yuav yog 150 x 225 m. Thaum lub ncua yog 2.5 m, thiab cov kauj ruamkev teeb tsa yog 1 m, qhov hla ntawm kab yuav yog 100 x 150 m.
Cov plag tsev ntoo tuaj yeem ua rau qis qis txij li 150 txog 350 kg / m 2. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, peb tab tom tham txog ib lub tsev los yog chav tsev attic uas tsis muaj loads. Yog hais tias qhov ncua sij hawm yog 3 m thiab cov kauj ruam installation yog 150 cm, ces seem ntawm cov kab teeb yuav yog 50 x 140 mm. Nrog rau qhov nce ntxiv mus rau 6 m thiab qhov nrug ntawm 150 cm, qhov hla ntawm lub nqaj yuav yog 100 x 220 mm.
Thaum xam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xyuam xim rau qhov ntev ntawm cov kab teeb. Nws yuav nyob ntawm qhov dav ntawm qhov dav thiab txoj kev kho cov khoom. Yog hais tias lub fastening yog nqa tawm siv hlau txhawb, ces qhov ntev yuav yog qhov dav ntawm qhov span. Thaum embedded rau hauv ib phab ntsa zawj, qhov ntev yog xam los ntawm summing qhov tob ntawm insertion ntawm ob kawg ntawm lub beam thiab lub ncua.
Nws tseem yuav tsum suav cov kab teeb. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum npaj qhov twg cov khoom kawg yuav nyob. Lawv kho nrog ib qho indent los ntawm phab ntsa ntawm 50 mm. Cov kab teeb uas tseem tshuav yog sib npaug sib npaug hauv qhov chaw dav. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, qhov deb ntawm 0.6 mus rau 1 m yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm cov kab teeb, coj mus rau hauv tus account cov tsis, kev xam yog nqa tawm.
Cov ntoo hauv pem teb thib ob yuav tsum tau npaj siv ib ntu. Nws tuaj yeem yog:
- square;
- rectangular;
- I-beam;
- ncig.
Qhov kev xaiv classic yog ib daim duab plaub. Cov feem ntau siv tsis yog: qhov siab - los ntawm 140 mus rau 240 hli, dav - los ntawm 50 mus rau 160 hli. Lub ntsiab txhais ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig seem yuav nyob ntawmnpaj load, kauj ruam ntawm kab teeb thiab span dav. Koj yuav tsum xam cov load ntawm lub nqaj los ntawm kev ntxiv cov load ntawm tus kheej-qhov hnyav ntawm hauv pem teb nrog rau cov nyob load. Rau cov plag tsev nruab nrab, thawj tus nqi tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 190 txog 220 kg / m2. Qhov kev thauj khoom nyob kuj tseem hu ua haujlwm thiab yog 200 kg / m 2. Rau kev khiav hauj lwm pem teb, qhov nruab nrab load yog 400 kg/m2.
Ua ntej koj yuav ua ib lub hauv pem teb hardwood, koj yuav tsum txiav txim seb nws yuav ua li cas. Yog tias nws yog cov qauv tsis ua haujlwm, ces qhov load yuav tsawg dua, txog li 200 kg / m 2. Kev suav tshwj xeeb yuav xav tau yog tias xav kom muaj cov khoom hnyav hnyav. Lub da dej loj heev, boiler lossis pas dej ua ke tuaj yeem teeb tsa hauv tsev.
Kev txhim kho cov plag tsev ntoo yog nqa tawm nrog qhov ntev ntawm ntau tshaj 6 m. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev tswj xyuas no yog los tiv thaiv sagging ntawm cov khoom, uas ua rau deformation ntawm cov qauv. Txhawm rau txhawb nqa lub nqaj hla qhov dav, ib qho kev txhawb nqa lossis kem yuav tsum tau nruab. Txwv tsis pub, tus squirrel yog nteg nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv ncua, txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov siab tshaj plaws yuav tsum yog 6 m. Qhov hla ntawm lub nqaj yuav nyob ntawm qhov dav ntawm qhov ntev. Nrog rau qhov nce ntxiv ntawm tus nqi kawg, koj yuav tsum nqa lub nqaj muaj zog dua, uas yuav ua rau muaj zog heev.
Txhawm rau npog nrog cov kab teeb, qhov ntev yuav tsum muaj qhov dav txog li 4 m. Yog tias tus nqi no ntau dua, ces cov blocks uas tsis yog tus qauv nrog cov ntu ntu txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau siv. Rau cov khoom zoo li no, qhov siab yuav tsum raug xaiv kom raug, uas yog 1/20 ntawmqhov loj. Yog li nrog qhov ntev ntawm 5 m, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov khoom uas nws qhov siab yog 200 hli, thaum lub thickness tuaj yeem pib ntawm 80 hli.
Mounting Features
Beams tau muab tso rau hauv cov phab ntsa thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho lub tsev, thiab qhov seem ntawm kev tsim kho hauv pem teb yog nqa tawm tom qab kev tsim kho thiab ua ntej pib ua tiav. Beams yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub cib los yog thaiv phab ntsa thaum lub sij hawm masonry; rau qhov no, zes yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa. Qhov tob ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog ib nrab ntawm lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa. Nws tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev sib khi tom qab nrog thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom vapor-permeable.
Nyob hauv cov tsev ntoo, cov kab teeb raug txiav rau hauv lub qhov rais sab saud ntawm lub tsev cav. Cov khoom yog kho nrog ib tug antiseptic thiab qhuav. Thaum txhim kho cov khoom sib dhos, xyuas kom meej tias sab dav yog ntsug. Hauv qhov no, qhov rigidity tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Qhov kawg ntawm cov kab teeb yuav tsum tau txiav ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60˚, kho nrog bituminous mastic thiab qhwv nrog vov tsev.
Cov kab hluav taws loj tau tso ua ntej. Lawv yog leveled nrog ib tug ntev board, uas yog muab tso rau ntawm ntug. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau siv ib theem. Cov kab nruab nrab nruab nrab yuav tsum tau ua raws li lub rooj tsav xwm uas tau muab tso rau ntawm cov kab teeb loj. Thaum cov phab ntsa thiab lub ru tsev tiav lawm, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim cov ceilings. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cranial tuav tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm hauv qab ntawm kab teeb ntawm ob sab. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog kev txhawb nqa rau subfloor.
Pine ntoo yog siv rau cranial tuav, uas yog kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Rau cov kab teeb ntawm nws pem tebtsau nrog ntoo screws. Pem teb boards yog muab tso rau ntawm cranial tuav. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv lub rooj tsav xwm uas tsis tau npaj tseg. Cov ntsiab lus yog nyob rau sab perpendicular rau kab teeb thiab so ntawm cranial tuav. Fastening yog nqa tawm nrog tus kheej tapping screws.
Thaum tso cov plag tsev hla cov ntoo tawv tawv, cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog los nteg cov dej tsis zoo. Nws tuaj yeem ua "Izospan". Cov nplooj ntawv zaj duab xis yog overlapped, cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tau glued nrog daim kab xev. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm zaj duab xis yog ib tug ntxhia rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau soundproofing ntawm cov plag tsev ntoo. Lub thickness ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum yog xws li hais tias cov khoom tsis protrude saum npoo ntawm kab teeb. Koj tuaj yeem siv lwm txoj kev xaiv, piv txwv li:
- xov av nplaum;
- nthuav dav polystyrene.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Tom qab ua tiav lub suab pov thawj ntawm cov ntoo hauv pem teb, koj tuaj yeem pib nteg lub cav hauv pem teb ntawm sab saud. Cov khoom no yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm cov kab teeb. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lawv yuav yog qhov txwv ntawm 0.6 txog 1 m.
Lub cav tuaj yeem ua raws li cov kab lossis cov laug cam. Lub thickness yuav tsum yog 40 mm. Fastening yog nqa tawm mus rau hauv pem teb kab teeb nrog kev pab los ntawm hlau fab tsau rau tus kheej-tapping screws. Ib txheej ntawm cov ntxhia rwb thaiv tsev yog nteg nruab nrab ntawm cov lags. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov pob qij txha ntawm qis tshav kub-insulating txheej yuav tsum tau thaiv.
Mineral rwb thaiv tsev yuav soundproof lub qab nthab thiab pem teb. Ib txheej waterproofing yog nteg nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub thib ob txheej nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj ib tug ua kua nchuav. Nyob rau hauv pem teb ntawm lub Upper pem teb yog sewn nrog ib tug finishing floorboard, plywood los yog drywall, los ntawm saum toj nokoj tuaj yeem nteg lub tsho tiav, uas yog:
- laminate;
- tile;
- cork;
- linoleum.
Plywood lossis floorboard yog tsau ntawm tus kheej tapping screws.
vapor barrier xav tau
Cov kev xav ntawm qee tus kws tshaj lij txog kev xav tau siv lub vapor barrier txawv. Cov khoom no yog pw hauv pem teb qauv thiab mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ua lub suab rwb thaiv tsev. Siv cov txheej txheem no yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm chav dej lossis condensation. Qhov no tshwm sim yog tias lub qab nthab nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov plag tsev, thawj qhov uas yog cua sov, thiab qhov thib ob tsis yog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, peb tab tom tham txog ib tug unheated attic los yog attic saum toj no hauv av pem teb.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv pem teb tuaj yeem tau ncu los ntawm cov chav ntub dej hauv pem teb. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no feem ntau yog tsim hauv pas dej da dej, chav dej thiab chav ua noj. Lub vapor barrier yog nyob rau saum cov kab teeb. Cov canvases yuav tsum tau sib tshooj, cov npoo ntawm cov canvas yav dhau los yuav tsum tau coj mus rau cov tom ntej los ntawm 10 cm. Cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tau muab khi nrog daim kab xev.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thermal
Los ntawm saum toj no, nruab nrab ntawm cov kab teeb, yuav tsum tau muab dov los yog slab cua sov los yog suab rwb thaiv tsev. Cov voids thiab qhov khoob yuav tsum tau zam, yog li cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum haum kom nruj li sai tau rau cov kab teeb. Nws yog qhov tsis tsim nyog siv trimmings uas yuav tsum tau koom ua ke.
Yuav kom txo taucuam tshuam lub suab nrov nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los nteg ib lub suab insulator rau saum npoo ntawm cov kab teeb. Nws thickness yuav tsum yog 5.5 hli los yog ntau tshaj. Hauv qhov no, peb tab tom tham txog cov xwm txheej thaum lub tsev sab saud yog nyob.
Nyob rau qhov xav tau kev tiv thaiv dej
Atop lub suab thiab cua sov insulating txheej yog ib zaj duab xis waterproofing. Nws yuav tsis suav nrog kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej noo los ntawm sab saud mus rau hauv cov khoom siv insulating. Yog tias lub tsev sab saud tsis yog neeg nyob, ces tsis muaj leej twg yuav ntxuav cov plag tsev nyob ntawd, yog li kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej noo, suav nrog atmospheric, tsis suav nrog. Yog li ntawd, ib tug waterproofing zaj duab xis yuav tsis siv nyob rau hauv xws li mob. Txwv tsis pub, canvases yog siv uas tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib tshooj ntawm 10 cm. Cov pob qij txha yuav tsum tau muab cov nplaum nplaum nplaum kom tsis txhob ya raws los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv.
In xaus
Hauv qab lub tsho tiv no, koj tuaj yeem muab cov cua sov hauv qab, tab sis cov ntawv ci, ib txwm siv rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no, yuav ua rau lub vapor barrier. Ib lub tsev ntoo sib piv nrog cov pob zeb ua vaj tse nyob rau hauv uas nws tsis tsim ib qho khoom tsis tsim nyog ntawm lub hauv paus. Vim qhov no, koj tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim lub hauv paus muaj zog. Yog tias qhov sib tshooj ua tiav lawm, ces nws yuav tig tawm kom ruaj thiab muaj zog txaus. Cov qauv tsim yuav muaj lub suab zoo heev thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev kub. Ntawm lwm yam, cov ntaub ntawv ntuj tso cai rau hauv pem teb ua pa.
