Yog tias koj muaj lub tsev ntiag tug, ces kaum qhov cub yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cua sov. Nrog koj tus kheej ob txhais tes (cov lus qhia ib ntus yuav pab nrog qhov no), nws tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov phab ntsa kom zoo los ntawm kev raug kub hnyiab. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem qhov kawg thiab txaus ntshai.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tsim lub kaum qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes, kev txiav txim yuav pab koj nrog qhov no. Nws yuav ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim kho, nrog rau ua kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev. Niaj hnub no, muaj ntau yam qauv ntawm kaum qhov cub uas yog ua los ntawm cib. Summing txog qhov zoo ntawm lub qhov cub, qhov zoo hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- khoom txuag;
- khoom siv compact;
- muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim tus kheej;
- kev zoo nkauj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tsim.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb
Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog kev txuag cov ntaub ntawv, tom qab ntawv lees paub qhov tseeb nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias cib yuav siv tsawg dua li lub sijhawm tsim khoqhov cub lossis lwm hom qhov cub, uas tuaj yeem yog phab ntsa lossis cov kob. Koj tuaj yeem ua lub qhov cub rau kaum nrog koj tus kheej tes, cov lus qhia ib ntus rau kev tsim uas yuav nthuav tawm hauv kab lus, tsis yog hauv tsev loj, tab sis kuj nyob hauv ib lub teb chaws me me.
Txawm yog tus tswv uas tsis muaj kev paub dhau los yuav muaj peev xwm tiv nrog kev ua haujlwm, vim tias nws nyuaj heev los ua yuam kev hauv cov txheej txheem xaj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj sab nraud, ces nws tuaj yeem dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub pobzeb los yog pobzeb.
Cov Lus Qhia Tus Kheej
Yog tias koj tau tso ib lub cib ua ntej, ces koj tuaj yeem tsim lub kaum qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes (qhov kev txiav txim, cov duab hauv kab lus yuav pab nrog qhov no). Tab sis koj kuj yuav tsum tau tsim ib qhov project. Thiab koj yuav tsum ua qhov no nyob rau theem ntawm kev npaj lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Qhov no yuav ua kom yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub hauv paus, uas yuav tsum yog ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus tag nrho. Yog hais tias lub tsev twb tau tsim, ces nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ib tug ntawm nws cov chav yuav tsum supplemented nrog ib tug kaum qhov cub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav xav tau kev npaj ua haujlwm.
Tsim
Raws li cov thev naus laus zis tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no, lub kaum qhov cub "Annushka" yog tsim los ntawm lawv tus kheej tes. Cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam yog kauj ruam qhia kom koj ua ntej txiav txim siab ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb uas nws yuav raug teeb tsa. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tsim cov duab kos uas yuav tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qhov tshwm sim. Hauv qab ntawm qhov kev tsim no, koj tuaj yeem tsim ib lub niche rau qhov cub lossis lub lauj kaub tshauv. Ntawm ob sab ntawm lub portal, qee zaum, muaj cov pedestals uas tau muab tso raulos ntawm cib. Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem nruab paj lauj kaub rau ntawm lawv.
Ib lub niche tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv, mus txog rau lub trapezoid. Koj tuaj yeem ua nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug semicircular arch. Qee lub sij hawm lub qhov cub ua tiav los ntawm cov hlau ua hauv lub qhov cub nrog lub qhov rooj. Hauv qhov no, lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem ua nrog iav uas tsis ntshai hluav taws. Cov khoom no yuav ua kom yooj yim rau kev tsim kho, vim tias lub thawv hluav taws tuaj yeem txuas nrog cib los ntawm sab nraud.
Npaj cov khoom
Ua-nws-koj tus kheej qhov cub qhov cub, cov lus qhia ua ntu zus rau kev siv uas koj yuav tsum kawm kom ntxaws, pib ua tiav tsuas yog tom qab kev npaj cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej. Txhawm rau tsim lub hauv paus koj yuav xav tau:
- waterproofing;
- pob zeb tawg ntawm nruab nrab feem;
- formwork boards;
- metal mesh.
Tab sis cov phab ntsa thiab lub qhov cub yog ua los ntawm cov cib. Cov khoom siv vov tsev lossis cov yeeb yaj kiab yas tuaj yeem ua raws li kev tiv thaiv dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov xuab zeb dej, uas yuav siv los ua cov tshuaj. Nws tseem yuav xav tau rau backfilling hauv lub qhov. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov khoom siv no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nruab rau thawj txheej, uas yuav ua haujlwm hauv ncoo insulating.
Rau formwork, cov laug cam yuav tsum tau npaj uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem tom qab cov tshuaj khib tau qhuav lossis nyob hauv qhov system. Yog tias koj xav tau ib qho kev xaiv ib ntus, tom qab ntawd thaum txhim kho lub formwork, qhov khoob ntawm lub hauv paus thiab hauv av yuav tsum tau npog nrog cov sib tov ntawm gravel thiab xuab zeb.
Cov ntawv hlau tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom, uas yog qhov zoo heevtsuas yog tshem tawm tom qab lub pob zeb tau teeb tsa. Ua-nws-koj tus kheej qhov cub qhov cub, cov lus qhia ua ntu zus rau kev tsim uas yuav tsum tau kawm los ntawm txhua tus tswv npaj ua haujlwm, yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau cov hlau mesh lossis steel bar. Nws txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 8 mus rau 10 mm. Yog tias koj yuav qhov kev txhawb nqa, tom qab ntawd rau kev sib khi koj yuav xav tau ib lub xaim uas cov pas nrig yuav txuas rau ib leeg hauv cov qauv mesh.
Qhia xaiv lub cib
Los ntawm txoj kev, yog tias tsis muaj qhov chaw rau lub tshuab cua sov tiag tiag hauv tsev, qhov no yuav tsis ua rau koj tsim nws cov qauv zoo nkauj. Rau qhov no, ntau yam ntaub ntawv tsim nyog. Thiab nws yuav pab tsim lub kaum qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes nrog cov lus qhia ua ntu zus, cov duab (los ntawm cov thawv ntawv, los ntawm txoj kev, koj tuaj yeem ua tau) tau npaj rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
Rau cov qauv tam sim no, lub qhov cub thiab cov phab ntsa yuav ua los ntawm cov khoom cib - koj yuav xav tau fireclay thiab liab cib. Cov yav tas yuav siv rau lub ntsiab masonry, thaum lub qub yuav siv rau tej thaj chaw uas yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nplaim taws.
Koj yuav tsum siv nws los tso cov chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no yuav tsum suav nrog qhov pib ntawm lub chimney thiab lub firebox. Cib yuav tsum tau muab xam los ntawm ib daim, nws qhov ntau yuav nyob ntawm seb tus qauv tsim. Rau lub kaum qhov cub, koj yuav xav tau los ntawm 360 mus rau 600 cib, tus lej kawg yuav nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv. Tau txaiskom muaj nuj nqis yuav tsum tau ntxiv 15%, uas yuav mus rau cov ntawv luam tsis zoo, kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab lwm yam tsis tau pom dua.
cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab tsim lub kaum qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam ntawm kev yees duab yuav tso cai rau koj nkag siab txog kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm. Los ntawm nws koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau lwm yam uas xav tau thiab npaj cov tshuaj uas yog ua los ntawm av nplaum, cement thiab xuab zeb. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm kev faib ua feem ntawm 1: 1: 3. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov av nplaum sib tov, uas cov xuab zeb ntxiv. Hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav uas siv los tso cov khoom siv cua sov xws li qhov cub thiab qhov cub.
Cov cib hluav taws kub hnyiab yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib xyaw kom zoo thiab so mortar, uas yog npaj los ntawm av nplaum thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov xuab zeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov cement ntau, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom nrawm ntawm qhov sib tov. Koj yuav xav tau hlau square fab nrog ib sab ntawm 50 lossis 60 mm. Lawv qhov ntev yuav nyob ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub firebox. 300 hli yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv rau nws thiab muab faib ua 2. Lub kaum ntse ntse yuav tsum tau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau qhib lub tshuab txiav ntoo thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xam tus naj npawb ntawm cov ces kaum kuj rau qis niche, thaum ua raws li cov txheej txheem saum toj no.
Yog tias lub thawv hluav taws yuav zoo li lub koov, ces koj yuav tsum tau npaj plywood rau tus qauv. Rau props koj yuav xav tau ntoo tuav. Nyob rau hauv lub khw, koj yuav tsum yuav ib tug hlau valve, yog hais tias koj tsis pom xws li ib tug khoom, ces cov khoom yuav raug txiav tximlos ntawm ib tug kws welder.
Ntau zaus, cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev niaj hnub no ua lub kaum qhov cub nrog lawv tus kheej tes. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug step-by-step qhia nrog ib tug yees duab pab kom paub tias tej zaum ib tug cam khwb cia-hlau firebox yog ntsia tau npaj txhij. Kev ua haujlwm feem ntau yog yooj yim, tab sis tus nqi yuav nce.
Rau phab ntsa rwb thaiv tsev, koj yuav tsum yuav cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov, uas tuaj yeem ua asbestos. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav lub qhov cub, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov nplais ntsej muag uas ua rau cov vuas luaj ceramic, pob zeb lossis cov hniav plaster. Qee lub sij hawm xaiv cov nplais ntsej muag, uas qhia txog lub portal tiav ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj.
Npaj cov cuab yeej
Yog tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, ua lub qhov cub yuav ua tsis tau, yog li koj yuav tsum saib xyuas qhov muaj:
- theem tsev;
- roulettes;
- trowel;
- roj hmab mallet;
- sib tsoo;
- picks;
- peev;
- spatula;
- pummet;
- rules;
- paj;
- shovels.
Thaum xaiv lub spatula, koj yuav tsum xaiv lub cuab yeej nruab nrab. Qee cov craftsmen siv spatula es tsis txhob siv trowel. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias koj tsis npaj yuav kho lub qhov cub tom qab ua tiav kev ua haujlwm, ces koj yuav tsum npaj lub firmware.
Tsim lub hauv paus
Lub kaum qhov cub yooj yim (nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes), cov lus qhia ua ntu zus rau kev tsim kho uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus thiab yuav tsum pab koj, yuav tsum muajlub hauv paus. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum yog 90 hli loj dua qhov cub nws tus kheej. Ua ntej nteg lub hauv paus, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los khawb ib lub qhov tob, qhov tob ntawm 600 mm. Hauv qab ntawm lub qhov yog compacted, xuab zeb yog poured rau nws (txheej thickness 110 hli), tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau nchuav nrog dej thiab compacted dua.
Pob zeb crushed yog nchuav los ntawm saum toj, uas kuj zoo compacted. Nws thickness yuav tsum zoo ib yam li cov xuab zeb. Ib tug reinforcing mesh yog pw rau ntawm lub pob zeb crushed. Asbestos strips yuav tsum tau ntsia raws phab ntsa kom tiv thaiv qhov chaw los ntawm overheating. Formwork yuav tsum tau nruab rau sab nraum lub hauv paus.
Yog tias cov duab ntawm lub hauv paus yog puag ncig, ces cov ntawv hlau 2 hli tuab tuaj yeem siv rau formwork. Sab nraud, daim ntawv yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa nrog cib racks.
Tom qab koj tuaj yeem mus rau kev tsim cov tshuaj - rau thawj txheej, cov pob zeb ua pob zeb, thiab nws yuav muaj pob zeb, xuab zeb, thiab cement. Thaum thawj txheej tau teem tseg, qhov chaw seem tuaj yeem sau tau, uas tau ntim nrog cov xuab zeb thiab cov cement sib tov. Qhov saum npoo ntawm lub phaj yog leveled thiab sab laug los teeb. Thaum lub pob zeb tau npaj lawm, nws qhov chaw yuav tsum tau npog nrog ob txheej ntawm cov khoom siv vov tsev.
Npaj rau masonry
Yog li, tso lub kaum qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes, cov lus qhia ib ntus ntawm cov uas tau nthuav tawm hauv peb tsab xov xwm, txuas ntxiv mus. Tom qab ib hlis tom qab nchuav lub hauv paus, koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm nrog cib. Rau cov khoom no, pre-soak 2 hnub.
Ua ntej, lub qhov cub yog nteg tawm qhuav, thiab cov tshuaj tsis tas yuav siv. Lub qhov cub yuav xav tias muaj ib qho grate rau lub firebox, uas muaj ib tug square zoo nrog ib sab ntawm 250 mm. Koj yuav tsum tau npaj 5 hli hlau strips, qhov dav uas yog 40 hli, lawv yuav tsum tau tsim lub qab nthab saum lub niches. Wb mus rau masonry:
- Ntawm lub hauv paus txhawb zog, tso thawj chav kawm ntawm masonry.
- Nyob rau plaub kab, koj yuav tsum tau nteg lub hauv paus ntawm lub firebox, yog li ntawd lub hauv paus ntawm kab yuav tsum tau nteg tawm nrog fireclay cib.
- kab tom ntej no yuav tsim los ntawm kev tso lub tshuab lub qhov los yog cov ntoo tshauv.
- Ntawm cov khoom uas yuav ua rau lub koob yees duab, koj yuav tsum nteg cov hlau strips uas ruaj ruaj. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov laj thawj uas nyob rau kab tom ntej yuav muab cov grate rau lawv.
- kab thib rau yog nruab nrog hluav taws cib, thaum lub grate yuav tsum tau pw.
- Kab thib xya yuav tsum pib nrog kev tsim ntawm lub qhov cub hluav taws xob.
- Txij 8 mus rau 12 kab, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub portal yuav tsum tau muab tso tawm, haum cov cib rau ib leeg.
- Ntawm kab peb caug, cov hlua hlau raug teeb tsa uas yuav npog lub qhov cub. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ces kaum nrog qhov ntev hauv qab no rau qhov no: 600 x 50 x 5 mm. Los ntawm kab 14 mus rau 15, muab "daim iav" tso, uas yuav khaws cov cua sov thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob khiav mus rau hauv cov yeeb nkab.
DIY hniav kaum qhov cub: cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam
Gypsum board duab ntawm qhov cub tsim ua pov thawj tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim nyogdecorations rau txhua qhov chaw. Wb ua lawv ua ke:
- Tom qab kos rau hauv pem teb thiab phab ntsa, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim cov ncej hlau.
- Siv lub hau ntswj thiab tus kheej tapping screws, ib qho profile yog ntsia rau hauv pem teb nto, thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov fasteners yuav yog 25 cm.
- Yuav ua kom lub qhov cub tawg nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes (cov lus qhia ua ntu zus tau muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm), nws tau teeb tsa rau ntawm phab ntsa, qhov twg cov phab ntsa profiles yuav tsum tau screwed.
- Tom qab cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab dowels ntsia hauv lub qhov.
- Sai li qhov txheej txheem ntawm qhov cub npaj tau, koj tuaj yeem pib txheej. Rau qhov no, pob zeb dag, plaster molding, wallpaper, painting thiab lwm yam kho kom zoo nkauj yog siv. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab mus rau tha xim, ces lub phab ntsa qhuav yog thawj zaug.
Rau cov khoom lag luam zoo li no, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov phab ntsa ntub dej, uas tau txiav rau qhov loj me. Koj tuaj yeem siv lub hacksaw lossis riam ntse rau qhov no. Tus kheej tapping ntsia hlau yog tsav mus rau hauv phab ntsa ntub dej los ntawm 0.5 cm. Cov pob qij txha thiab qhov me me raug kaw siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub nplaum ntxiv.
Koj tsuas yog siv nyiaj rau cov ntaub ntawv yog tias koj ua lub kaum qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes. Cov lus qhia ib ntus, cov duab (los ntawm phab ntsa qhuav, raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, koj tuaj yeem ua cov khoom zoo li no) yuav pab tau txawm tias tus tswv tshiab. Hmoov zoo!
