Hnub no, cov kauj ruam ntxiv dag zog tau dhau los ua neeg paub, thiab tsis ntev dhau los lawv tau ua qhov tshiab tshiab hauv kev tsim kho. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov pob zeb thiab hlau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ruaj khov thiab muaj zog, uas yog qhov xav tau siab niaj hnub no.
khoom siv ntau yam
Rau qhov chaw uas muaj tsheb ntau, cov kauj ruam yog qhov zoo. Sab chips, tawg, khawb, kab txaij los ntawm heels tsis tshwm rau lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis deteriorate los ntawm atmospheric phenomena xws li cua, nag thiab daus. Lub dav hlau tsis nqus av thiab dej, nws yooj yim los ntxuav. Reinforced qhob khoom muaj nyob yuav luag txhua qhov chaw, vim muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, yooj yim installation thiab durability. GOST tswj xyuas cov kauj ruam ua ntej nyob ntawm lawv lub ntsiab. Thiab feem ntau yog cov kauj ruam ntawm GOST 8717.1-84.
Feem ntau cov sib tov hnyav, lub teeb thiab silicate yog siv los tsim cov pob zeb ntxivpob zeb. Cov khoom tsim tau dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj zog thiab tsim los siv thaum kub txog -40 ° C. Lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus 300 lub voj voog khov, thaum lub ntsej muag thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg xyaum tsis hloov. Yog vim li cas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau nthuav dav hauv ntau lub tebchaws rau kev hloov pauv ntawm thaj chaw thiab kev tsim vaj tsev.
Muaj peev xwm siv
Cov kauj ruam rau cov ntaiv tuaj yeem siv tau rau cov ntsia hlau thiab nruab nrab kev xaiv dav hlau, tsau rau ntawm lub hauv paus monolithic lossis stringers. Lawv muaj cov qauv prefabricated, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim ib lossis ntau kauj ruam.
Lub staircase no yuav sib haum xeeb saib ob qho tib si ntawm kev tawm ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug thiab hauv ib lub tsev uas muaj ntau cov plag tsev. Cov kauj ruam pob zeb yog siv rau cov ntaiv thiab hauv qhov chaw kaw. Prefabricated qauv tuaj yeem muaj qhov loj, qhov dav thiab qhov siab. Tab sis yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 15 yam nyob rau hauv ib lub lem ntawm tus ntaiv.
Type
Tham xub thawj nws yuav zoo li cov kauj ruam yog tib yam, tab sis lawv tau muab faib ua ob peb hom:
- Qis frieze kauj ruam. Nws yog qhov sib txuas ntawm cov kab hauv qab ntawm cov ntaiv thiab hauv pem teb. Nws txawv ntawm lub ntsiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb console, vim nws yog tsau rau hauv pem teb slab.
- Frieze siab kauj ruam. Nws ua haujlwm tib yam li hauv qab thiab nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov ntaiv saum toj thiab lub platform.
- Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb - siv thoob plaws hauv lub staircaseMarch.
- Nyob liner. Nws yog ib theem tshwj xeeb, mounted tom qab lub ntsiab. Nws yog npaj rau kev thauj khoom luv luv.
Cov hom khoom siv dag zog uas tau teev tseg saum toj no yog siv ob qho tib si hauv kev ua haujlwm sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Txawm nyob rau ntawm lub sam thiaj me me, qhov qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob yuav tsum muaj cov kauj ruam frieze, ib qho ntxig thiab cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb. Yog li tus tsim muaj peev xwm hloov tau tag nrho cov loads.
khoom siv ua
Txhawm rau tsim cov kauj ruam, siv ntau hom khoom siv:
- Silicate pob zeb. Nws yog ib tug niaj hnub variation ntawm lub tsev cov khoom siv dag zog. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw quartz-hom xuab zeb, quicklime thiab av quartz xuab zeb. Cov khoom siv, nyob ntawm seb cov fillers siv, tuaj yeem yog cellular, nruab nrab-qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom. Nws feem ntau yog siv los tsim kev txhawb nqa thiab kev thauj khoom hauv pem teb.
- Lub teeb hom pob zeb. Nws zoo sib xws hauv kev txiav rau pumice thiab yog tsim los ntawm cov ntxhia pob zeb thiab cov organic aggregates. Nws tuaj yeem yog arbolite, vermiculite thiab lwm yam. Nws tau txais nws lub npe vim qhov ntxeem tau sab hauv. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si tsos thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Hom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev muaj zog ntxiv, txawm hais tias tus qauv heterogeneous.
- pob zeb hnyav. Nws yog tus neeg nyiam tshaj plaws. Lub hauv paus filling faib nws mus rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab hom. Ua los ntawm gravel, xuab zeb thiab quartz. Cov khoom tsim tau pom lawv daim ntawv thov hauv qab dej, sab hauv thiab hauv avua haujlwm. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ob qho tib si cov ntsiab lus thiab monolithic flights ntawm ntaiv.
Zoo
Muaj cov qauv tsim thiab cov cai rau cov kev txwv ntawm cov kauj ruam thiab lawv cov tsos. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau sab ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb fastening los yog ib lub voj, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau nruab ib lub railing. Hauv qab no yog lub zes rau kev kho thiab ruaj ntseg cov kauj ruam. Embedded fixtures yog siv los txuas cov stringer thiab ntaiv. Tshwj xeeb mloog yog them rau qhov coincidence ntawm lub axes ntawm cov kauj ruam thiab lub stringer.
Cov pob zeb muaj zog tau muab faib ua sab xis thiab sab laug. Qhov chaw ntawm cov fasteners rau railing nyob ntawm qhov parameter no. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov siab. Stairs nrog txoj kab nqes hav yog siv los nqis los ntawm lub qab nthab los yog qab nthab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov tsos tsis muaj teeb meem tiag tiag, thiab cov kauj ruam ntawm lawv tus kheej yog mus txog 17 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Tom qab kev teeb tsa, lawv feem ntau yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog hlau overlays thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj. Thiab, ua tsaug rau kev ua tib zoo xaiv cladding, lub staircase tsis zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem hloov pauv.
Cov kauj ruam pob zeb kuj txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv sab nraud. Lawv yog cov qauv, ua los ntawm cov khoom hnyav. Yog hais tias cov silicate los yog lub teeb version raug coj los ua lub hauv paus, ces qhov hnyav yuav siv los ua cov txheej saum toj kawg nkaus. Qhov saum npoo tuaj yeem muaj cov txheej txheem tsim tsis tsim nyog.
Cov qauv ntawm cov hlua tuaj yeem nyob sab nraud thiab sab hauv lub tsev. Cov tsos ntawm ib tug nqaim qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob rau hauv qab daus los yog zoo huv siib lub staircase me me yuav tsis lwj cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb ua ke. Qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom yuav txawv, nyob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, tab sis cov kauj ruam yog tsim, qhov siab yog 33 hli, dav yog 150 hli, thiab qhov ntev yog 1050 hli.
Tsim ntxiv
Xim mosaics tau dav siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qauv piav qhia. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm ua ke cov qauv zam thiab lub zog ntawm cov cement. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kauj ruam yog ua nrog lossis tsis muaj tes tuav (kom cov qauv sib dua). Tab sis cov railings tseem yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg, kom muaj kev nyab xeeb. Thiab yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem nruab lawv, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom muaj phab ntsa txhawb nqa.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
cov kauj ruam yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv yeej tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis nco txog lawv cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb:
- Practical. Yog hais tias lub staircase ntawm ib tug unpresentable grey saib tsis haum, porcelain pobzeb, clinker los yog pobzeb cladding yog ua tau.
- Txoj kev. Tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom hnyav niaj hnub, thiab cov khoom siv tuaj yeem tiv taus kev cuam tshuam thiab kev puas tsuaj.
- Versatility. Yuav siv tau rau hauv txhua lub tsev, tsis yog lub tsev hauv nroog, tsev siab, tshav dav hlau, chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, tsev kawm lossis tsev kho mob.
- Durability. Cov kauj ruam ua pob zeb yuav sawv tsis muaj chips thiab tawg tau tsawg kawg kaum xyoo.
