Ua npuas ncauj thaiv yog cov khoom siv tshiab, uas feem ntau siv los tsim cov tsev hauv teb chaws thiab tsev. Nws muaj qee qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Koj yuav tsum paub dab tsi tsis yog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum xaiv. Qhov no yuav pab tau cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Qhov ua npuas ncauj qhov twg zoo dua rau kev tsim lub tsev? Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no yuav nthuav tawm hauv kab lus.
Khoom nta
Qhov twg ua npuas ncauj zoo dua rau kev tsim tsev? Txhawm rau ua qhov kev xaiv zoo, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv no. Nws tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam tsis ntev los no. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv hluas thiab pheej yig uas yog siv rau hauv kev tsim vaj tsev. Cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yog nrawm los ntawm 1.5-2 zaug.
Phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov blocks no yuav muab kev sov siab thiab kev nplij siab hauv tsev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv yog ib puag ncignyab xeeb, ruaj. Qhov no yog ib lub teeb yuag cellular hom ntawm lub tsev pob zeb, uas belongs rau qeb ntawm porous hom dag pob zeb. Qhov loj ntawm cov blocks yog geometric kom meej.
ua npuas ncauj ua li cas? Ua ntej, ib lub cement mortar yog npaj, thiab ces xuab zeb thiab ib tug foaming neeg sawv cev yog ntxiv rau nws. Cov khoom siv no yog tsim rau kev tsim kho ib-zaj dab neeg. Sab nraud, qhov chaw ntawm cov npuas blocks zoo ib yam li lub plhaub pob zeb, pumice. Hauv lawv muaj cov npuas kaw.
Xav seb yuav ua li cas ua npuas ncauj blocks, koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias vim li cas lawv muaj thermal conductivity zoo thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev. Cov huab cua sab hauv ua haujlwm zoo rau kev nkag mus rau qhov txias thiab suab nrov ntawm txoj kev. Nov yog cov khoom siv uas tsis tshua muaj siab.
Blocks zoo ib yam li cib, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv. Lawv muaj ntau tshaj li cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov no tso cai rau koj ua txhua yam ntawm masonry. Thaum siv cov khoom no, nws hloov tawm los tsim cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo, txuag kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus.
Nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm npuas blocks nws yog ib qho yooj yim los txiav qhov rau lub qhov (socket), nteg cov xaim zais thiab lwm yam kev sib txuas lus. Koj tuaj yeem ua txhua qhov project architectural. Cov khoom no muaj ntau qhov zoo, yog li nws yog qhov xav tau niaj hnub no.
Txoj kev tsim khoom
Foam block manufacturers siv ntau txoj hauv kev thaum lub voj voog thev naus laus zis. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom tau txais cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Muaj peb pawg ua npuas ncauj:
- Cassette. Cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog poured rau hauv tshwj xeeb hlwb. Cov no yog cov ntawv uas muaj qhov ntev. Lawv khopob zeb. Cov txheej txheem no siv sijhawm li 10 teev.
- Ua npuas ncauj thaiv nrog tsis siv neeg demoulding. Qhov no yog ib qho kev txhim kho version ntawm lub cassette ntau lawm. Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ntsia rau hauv lub tshuab tshwj xeeb. Cov tshuaj yog nchuav rau hauv lub hlwb, thiab tom qab ntawd tom qab 14 teev cov cuab yeej nyem cov khoom ua npuas ncauj npaj rau hauv lub pallet.
- Sliced los ntawm ib qho array. Cov khoom xyaw yog tov thiab nchuav rau hauv pwm loj. Nws ntim qee zaum nce mus txog 3 m³. Cov khoom hardens hauv 15 teev. Tom qab ntawd ib qho loj loj tau saws ua ob peb lub me.
Koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov npuas npuas, uas tuaj yeem sib txawv. Qhov siab dua daim duab no, qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thermal conductivity kuj nce. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov npuas blocks cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Yog hais tias lub ntom ntom yog siab, koj yuav tsum tau nruab ib txheej tuab ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal.
Nws tsim nyog xav txog tias cov thev naus laus zis uas siv thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov blocks qhia tias dhau sijhawm cov khoom siv yuav nyuaj dua. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov blocks ua npuas ncauj uas tau sawv hauv cov masonry rau ntau tshaj 50 xyoo dhau los ua 3 zaug nyuaj dua li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab.
Ntau yam
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov blocks tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm autoclave thiab tsis yog-autoclave txoj kev. Hauv thawj kis, lub workpiece hardens sai dua thaum siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los ua kom lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv, tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm shrinkage thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv.
Txoj kev tsis yog autoclave tso cai rau koj ua cov blocks yuav luag hauv tsevtej yam kev mob. Qhov xav tau lub zog ntawm qhov khoob yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ziab ntawm cov cement mortar. Tab sis qhov shrinkage ntawm cov khoom nce ntau.
Sizes
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom nthuav tawm yog tsim raws li cov cai ntawm GOST 21520-89 thiab 25485-89. Nws tau qhia ntawm no tias thaum lawv tsim khoom lawv ua raws li tus qauv ntau thiab tsawg ntawm cov npuas blocks. Dimensions sib txawv raws li cov ntaub ntawv thov.
Rau cov phab ntsa thauj khoom, cov blocks ntawm 20 x 30 x 60 cm hauv qhov loj yog tsim. Tus qauv loj ntawm cov npuas npuas hauv pawg no yog 10 x 30 x 60 cm.
GOSTs tswj kom lub thickness ntawm cov npuas blocks yuav tsum nyob rau hauv 30-40 cm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tus qauv qhov ntev muaj xws li: 20 x 30 x 50 cm, 20 x 30 x 60 cm, 30 x 40 x 60 cm thiab 20 x 40 x 60 cm. Lwm qhov ntau thiab tsawg kuj muaj.
Yog tias tsim nyog, cov blocks tuaj yeem txiav thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tsim cov blocks ntawm qhov xav tau loj. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias GOST muab qhov ntev tshaj plaws ntawm ib qhov thaiv txog li 60 cm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias ib qho txheej txheem phab ntsa ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem hloov tau 17 qhov zoo tib yam, 15 silicate cib thaum ua haujlwm masonry.
Thaum xaiv, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov teeb tsa ntawm cov blocks. Lawv yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas lawv siv cov qib tsev. Qhov tseeb qhov ntev ntawm cov blocks tso cai rau koj txuag ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ua haujlwm dhau sijhawm.
Stamps
Muaj 4 lub npe tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj muag. Lawv muaj tsab ntawv D nyob rau hauv lub cim thiab tus lej tus nqi:
- Khoom D150-D400. Cov no yog cov cua sov-insulating ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb ua npuas ncauj. Tus lej nyob rau hauv lub cim qhia lub zog ntawm cov npuas npuas. Lub npe qhia tau hais tias chav tsev muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hnyav ntawm 150-400 kg / m³. Txhua qib qis dua D400 tsis muaj tus qauv chav kawm muaj zog. Rau D400, daim duab no tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm B0.5 txog B0.75. Qhov no yog lub zog tensile, uas yog 9 kg / cm³.
- Khoom D500-D900. Cov pab pawg no yog hu ua cov khoom tsim thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Cov chav kawm muaj zog ntawm cov npuas blocks ntawm pawg no yog li ntawm 13 txog 35 kg / cm³.
- Khoom D1000- D1200. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem ua npuas ncauj uas muaj zog heev. Qhov ntsuas no txawv ntawm 50 txog 90 kg / cm³.
- Khoom D1300- D1600. Qhov no yog hom ua npuas ncauj ntau tshaj plaws, uas yog hu ua kev tsim kho thiab ntau lawm ntau yam. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tau tsim hauv cov khoom me me. Nyob rau hauv GOST, lub npe rau xws li npuas blocks yog tsis muab. Lawv muaj qhov txwv tshwj xeeb.
Lub zog ntsuas feem ntau nyob ntawm cov av noo thiab qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov blocks tau tsim, nrog rau hom muab tub lim, qib ntawm cov cement siv thaum tsim khoom.
txiaj ntsig
Xav txog cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov npuas npuas, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov khoom siv no muaj ntau yam zoo. Nws muaj tus nqi tsim nyog, uas txo cov nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem.kev tsim kho. Nws yog cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg uas tsis ua mob rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Ua npuas ncauj blocks muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:
- Tus nqi siab ntawm cua sov thiab suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov no zam qhov kev npaj ntawm ib txheej ntxiv ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab suab rwb thaiv tsev. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav ua tau kom txuag tau txog 30% ntawm cua sov.
- Cov khoom siv yog lub teeb, uas ua tiav los ntawm qhov ntom ntom. Lub teeb yuag txuag ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus, uas ntxiv txo cov peev nyiaj tsim kho.
- Cov phab ntsa thiab muab faib ua npuas ncauj yog qhov loj heev, uas tso cai rau koj los ua qhov tso tawm sai. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los ua yuam kev hauv qhov no. Txawm tus tswv tshiab tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov npuas npuas nrog nws txhais tes.
- Cov khoom siv hluav taws kub. Ua npuas ncauj blocks muaj peev xwm tuav tau cov nplaim taws, tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis mus rau ib puag ncig lub tsev, 4 teev nrog qhov sib faib tuab ntawm 15 cm.
- Lub vapor permeability ntawm cov blocks tso cai rau koj kom muaj qhov tseeb, noj qab nyob zoo microclimate hauv cov chav hauv tsev. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, cov pob zeb ua npuas yuav luag tag nrho sib haum mus rau ntuj ntoo. Cov chav yog txias rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab sov thaum lub caij ntuj no. Cov av noo nyob ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yog li cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm phab ntsa, qab nthab, thiab lwm qhov chaw.
- Ua npuas ncauj pob zeb yog ib qho yooj yim. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem nyuaj los ntawm nws, ua rau lub neej muaj ntau yam tsim qauv.
- Cov khoom yog Frost-resistant. Nws cov khoom yog khaws cia txawm tias thaum lub sij hawm ntau lub voj voog ntawm thawing thiab khov. NtawmKev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij ntuj sov tsis tuaj.
- Yog tias koj tsim cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov npuas npuas kom raug, dhau sijhawm lawv yuav muaj zog dua.
Cov txiaj ntsig tau teev tseg tso cai rau koj los tsim lub tsev ua npuas ncauj rau qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov. Tab sis ua ntej tsim ib txoj kev npaj rau yav tom ntej, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom no.
Flaws
Aerated pob zeb muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Tab sis koj yuav tsum paub txog lawv thaum npaj kev tsim lub tsev los ntawm cov pob zeb ua npuas ncauj. Cov khoom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus nqi siab ntawm kev nqus dej. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias sab nrauv ntawm phab ntsa nqus dej noo zoo, uas muaj nyob hauv ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, lub façade ntawm lub tsev yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav tshwj xeeb.
Cov khoom muaj qhov ntom ntom. Qhov no tsis tso cai rau koj los tsim cov tsev ntau-storey los ntawm cov blocks. Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv, koj yuav tsum paub tias qhov twg ua npuas ncauj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim lub tsev. Yog li, rau cov phab ntsa load-bearing, qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum muaj qhov ntom ntom. Txwv tsis pub, tus qauv tsim yuav tsis yooj yim, yuav txo qis ntau.
Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tseeb tias cov khoom maj mam nce lub zog. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau ceev faj thaum pib ntawm lub tsev ua haujlwm.
Cov kev tsis txaus siab tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem hla qhov zoo ntawm cov npuas npuas. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv no tau nquag siv hauv kev tsim kho.
Yuav xav li cas thaum xaiv?
Kev txiav txim siab ua npuas ncauj qhov twg yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim tsev,nws tsim nyog nyeem cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Lawv sib cav tias cov khoom siv zoo tsuas yog yuav los ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam uas ntseeg siab. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov blocks tuaj yeem raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag thiab kev siv lub tsev theem. Qhov ntev ntawm txhua qhov thaiv yuav tsum yog tib yam.
txhawm rau xyuas seb cov blocks puas, koj yuav tsum tau muab lawv tso rau ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug siv rau ib leeg. Ua npuas ncauj blocks yuav tsum haum snugly ib tug mus rau lwm yam tshaj tag nrho cov nto. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas cov blocks. Ntawm lawv qhov chaw yuav tsum tsis muaj pob, bulges, deformations. Yog tias muaj ledges, yuav tsum tau mortar ntau.
Koj yuav tsum nug tus neeg muag khoom rau daim ntawv pov thawj rau cov khoom. Cov khoom no yog tsim raws li GOSTs, yog li cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
txhawm rau txheeb xyuas lub zog ntawm cov npuas npuas, koj yuav tsum rub nws nrog koj cov ntiv tes. Yog tias nws muaj peev xwm zom cov khoom, cov tuam txhab khaws cia rau ntawm cov cement. Qhov no qhia tias tsis ua raws li kev siv tshuab tsim khoom. Cov khoom zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau ntev.
Tsis tas li, kev ua txhaum ntawm kev tsim khoom siv tshuab qhia tias muaj cov kab nrib pleb ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem ziab tsis tau ua kom raug, muaj qhov nro sab hauv ntawm cov khoom. Vim li no, cov npuas npuas tuaj yeem tawg nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev thauj khoom.
Cov khoom siv zoo muaj npuas ntawm tib qhov loj hauv cov qauv. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab sib npaug ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov npuas npuas. Lawv qhov loj me yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1 hli, thiab cov duab yuav tsum yogkheej kheej. Yog tias lawv muaj lub cev oval, qhov no yuav txo qis zog.
Blocks yuav tsum muaj xim zoo ib yam, tsis muaj streaks. Hauv nruab nrab yuav tsum yog cov xim tib yam li cov phab ntsa. Yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv, cov khoom siv tsis zoo yog siv rau lubrication. Vim li no, plaster yuav tsis ua raws li zoo rau saum npoo.
Lwm qhov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas yog qhov zoo ntawm lub ntim. Ua npuas ncauj blocks yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm ib lub pallet, ntim nrog lub pob tshab zaj duab xis. Hauv zaj duab xis, noo noo los ntawm cov khoom tsis evaporate sai heev. Ua npuas ncauj blocks tau lub zog thaum khaws cia. Yog tias lawv qhuav sai, cov khoom yuav tawg thaum lub sijhawm.
Yuav ua li cas xam tus nqi ntawm cov khoom?
Lub pob zeb ua npuas ncauj muaj ntau qhov zoo. Txhawm rau xam cov khoom siv kom raug, koj yuav tsum ua raws qee cov lus pom zoo. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum xam cov cheeb tsam ntawm phab ntsa. Ua li no, lawv qhov ntev yog muab los ntawm lawv qhov siab.
Qhov chaw ntawm qhov rooj lossis qhov rais qhib yog rho tawm los ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm rau tag nrho cov phab ntsa. Qhov no yog li cas tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm masonry tau txais. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum xam tus naj npawb ntawm cov npuas blocks. Wb hais tias yuav siv cov khoom siv phab ntsa ntau yam. Lub tsev yuav yog ib-zaj dab neeg, 10 x 10 m, lub qab nthab qhov siab yuav yog 3 m thiab thickness yuav yog 30 cm.
Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib yog 15 m². Muaj 27.7 daim rau 1 m³. ua npuas ncauj blocks. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub tsev yog 40 m, thiab tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm phab ntsa yog 40 x 3=120 m². Tag nrho cov masonry cheeb tsam yog 120-15=105 m².
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov xav tau ntawm cov blocks ib square meter, koj yuav tsum xam cov khoom sab nraud ntawm 0.2 x 0.6=0.12 m². Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm npuas blocks: 1 / 0, 12=8, 3 ua npuas ncauj blocks.
Cov khoom siv tag nrho yog 105 x 8, 3=871.5 pcs. Cov khoom yog muag hauv cubic meters, yog li tus naj npawb ntawm cov npuas npuas yuav ua raws li hauv qab no: 871.5 / 27.7=31.5 cm³.
Ib co lus pom zoo
Nws tsim nyog xav tias cov npoo ntawm cov blocks yog qhov tsis yooj yim. Lawv tuaj yeem tawm tsam rov qab, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ntim cov khoom kom zoo. Nws yog tsim nyog los nteg cov blocks tsis nyob rau hauv ib tug dog dig tov, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb nplaum muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws muaj lub hauv paus cement. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los ua cov txheej txheem thinner. Nws tuaj yeem tsuas yog 2-3 cm. Qhov no yuav zam qhov tsos ntawm cov txuas hniav txias. Los ntawm cov seams tuab, cua sov los ntawm chav yuav khiav tawm sai sai.
Phab ntsa ua los ntawm npuas thaiv yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntxiv. Huab cua tej zaum yuav cuam tshuam rau sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cement-based plaster. Lub plaster mesh yog pre-mounted rau ntawm phab ntsa. Thaum cov txheej txheem ntawm mortar hardens, nws tuaj yeem pleev xim rau hauv cov xim uas haum. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, koj tuaj yeem ua kom lub neej ua haujlwm ntev ntawm lub tsev ua npuas ncauj.
