Hydraulic txiv qaub: muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm raw khoom, ntau lawm, khoom thiab kev siv

Cov txheej txheem:

Hydraulic txiv qaub: muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm raw khoom, ntau lawm, khoom thiab kev siv
Hydraulic txiv qaub: muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm raw khoom, ntau lawm, khoom thiab kev siv
Anonim

Cov ntawv khi yog hu ua hmoov uas, tom qab sib xyaw nrog dej, tsim cov yas loj, uas tom qab sib zog ua lub pob zeb tawv. Muaj ntau hom tshuaj xws li tshuaj. Piv txwv li, hydraulic binder hmoov tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv huab cua, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tuaj yeem tswj hwm lawv lub zog hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau ntev. belongs rau pab pawg ntawm xws li binders thiab hydraulic txiv qaub.

Ntau yam

Tsev txiv qaub ntawm hom no yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov zoo. Ob lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no siv tau:

  • qis hydraulic txiv qaub nrog module 4, 5..9;
  • siab hydraulic nrog module 1, 7…4, 5.

Ib tus qauv tshwj xeeb yog siv los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv no. Rau hydraulic txiv qaub nws zoo li no:

m=(% CaOtotal - % CaOfree) / ((% SiO2(tag nrho) - % SiO2(free)) + % Al2O 3 + %Fe2O3).

Hlawv marl
Hlawv marl

Properties

Hardening ntawm hydraulic txiv qaub tshwm sim los ntawm hydration ntawm aluminates, Ca ferrites thiab silicates. Ntawd yog, cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tshwm sim raws nraim tib yam li nyob rau hauv Portland cement. Calcium oxide hydrate nyob rau hauv xws li txiv qaub thaum lub sij hawm hardening maj crystallizes thaum ya raws evaporates. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov dej, nws nkag mus rau carbonization.

Cov xim ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem yog daj, lub teeb grey lossis xim av, nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm CaO (lime formula). Nws lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tshwj xeeb hauv qhov no tuaj yeem yog 2, 8-2, 9.

Txhawm rau kom muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv kev tawg ntawm cov khoom, qee zaum cov xuab zeb me me yog sib xyaw rau hauv nws, thiab lwm yam.

Hardening ntawm hydraulic txiv qaub, raws li koj paub, pib hauv huab cua, tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv hauv dej. Cov khoom no raug sim rau tensile thiab compression raws li hauv qab no:

  • npaj txiv qaub mortar;
  • cia nws nyob saum huab cua 3 lub lis piam;
  • dib cov khoom tiav rau hauv dej.

Tom qab ib lub lim tiam ntawm dej, lub kua muag tsis kam ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm cov txiv qaub tsis muaj zog yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 2, thiab tom qab 5 lub lis piam - 3 kg / cm 2. Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov txiv qaub tawv rau compression rau lub sijhawm no yuav tsum yog 6 thiab 15 kg / cm2.

Kev npaj ntawm masonry mortar
Kev npaj ntawm masonry mortar

Cov ntau yam hydraulic ntawm cov khoom no tau kuaj xyuas ntau yam tib yam. Txoj kev daws yogTxiv qaub 1: 3 feem ntau yog khaws cia hauv huab cua rau 1 lub lis piam. Tom ntej no, lub pob zeb yog muab tso rau hauv dej rau ib hlis. Tom qab lub sij hawm no, nws tsis kam mus rupture yuav tsum yog 2, rau compression - 12 kg / cm2. Tom qab ob lub hlis raug, cov khoom ntawm hydraulic txiv qaub yuav tsum yog xws li cov ntsuas no sib npaug rau 8 thiab 20 kg / cm2 feem.

Cov khoom siv twg yog siv los tsim

Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no yog tsim los ntawm marl thiab marl limestone. Pob zeb ntawm hom no muaj:

  • carbonic txiv qaub;
  • clay.

Qhov feem pua ntawm cov khoom no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev kho cov khoom siv nrog hydrochloric acid. Tag nrho cov sediment yog cais raws li av nplaum. Ntxiv nrog rau ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, marls yuav muaj cov tshuaj hauv qab no:

  • carbonic ntsev ntawm hlau thiab magnesium;
  • oxides ntawm hlau thiab manganese.

Tsuas yog cov marls tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov kua qaub hydraulic, uas qhov piv ntawm silica cov ntsiab lus rau tus nqi ntawm Fe₂O₃ thiab alumina nce mus txog tsawg kawg 2.5.

Yas mortar nrog txiv qaub
Yas mortar nrog txiv qaub

Qhov twg raw cov ntaub ntawv mined

Muaj ntau qhov tso nyiaj ntawm marl hauv peb lub tebchaws, piv txwv li, ze Novorossiysk. Kuj tseem muaj kev lag luam tso nyiaj ntawm cov khoom siv no hauv cheeb tsam Bryansk. Cov pob zeb ntawm qhov kev tso nyiaj tshwj xeeb no zoo heev rau kev tsim cov kua qaub hydraulic. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm marl nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog mined nyob rau hauv lub Bakhchisarai thiab Vygonichskydeposits.

Yuav ua li cas

Hydraulic limes yog tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm ntuj marls. Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub pob zeb no yog tias nws cov khoom yog crushed ntau heev thiab sib xyaw ua ke kom ua homogeneously li sai tau. Tag nrho cov kev sim los npaj cov txiv qaub ntawm no ntau yam los ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog kom deb li deb tau ua tsis tiav. Tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv raw tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv raws li kev lag luam.

Hydraulic txiv qaub yog tau los ntawm firing marls ntawm nruab nrab kub ntawm 900-1100 ° C. Cov khoom siv raw ua ntej los ntawm quarries yog tawg rau hauv daim, qhov loj ntawm qhov yuav tsum yog 60-150 hli. Tom qab ntawd lub marl yog raus rau hauv ib lub qhov cub tawg uas muaj qhov ua kom tiav los yog roj rauv.

Npaj hydraulic txiv qaub yog raug rau txawm finer crushing. Qhov no ntxiv txhim kho qhov kev tua hluav taws.

Kev tsim cov kua qaub hydraulic
Kev tsim cov kua qaub hydraulic

Daim ntawv thov nta

Tsis zoo li cov cement, hydraulic txiv qaub yog slaked tsis ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, tab sis ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim lub complexity ntawm xws li ib tug txheej txheem. Thaum slaking, txiv qaub yog thawj zaug loaded rau hauv dampening augers. Tom qab ntawd nws yog txau nrog dej. Txiv qaub ces xa mus rau slaking silos.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm hydraulic txiv qaub

Burnt crushed marl feem ntau yog siv los ua raw khoom hauv kev npaj ntau hom mortars. Feem ntau, xws li txiv qaub yog ntxiv rau plaster los yog masonry mix. Qee zaum cov pob zeb qis kuj tau siv cov hmoov no. Kev siv cov khoom no tso cai rau cov mortars ntau yas.

Tsis zoo li huab cua txiv qaub, hydraulic txiv qaub tuaj yeem siv los npaj cov khoom sib tov npaj rau masonry lossis plastering ntawm cov chaw ntawm cov tsev thiab cov vaj tse uas yuav ua haujlwm tom qab ntawm cov av noo siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no qee zaum ntxiv rau cov kev daws teeb meem uas npaj rau kev nchuav cov hauv paus hauv qab dej hauv av.

Marl deposits
Marl deposits

txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv

Qhov zoo ntawm kev siv hydraulic txiv qaub, thiab lwm yam, suav nrog:

  1. Kev huv huv ib puag ncig. Cov khoom no yog tsim, raws li twb tau hais lawm, tsuas yog los ntawm ntuj raw khoom.
  2. Vapor permeability. Vim tias cov cuab yeej no ntawm cov kua qaub hydraulic, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev uas tau tsim los siv cov mortars npaj los ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog txo.
  3. nce hauv kev ua haujlwm tsim khoom. Tsis tas yuav siv sij hawm tua cov txiv qaub ncaj qha ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho.
  4. Tsis muaj paj. Cov pob dawb ntawm cov phab ntsa txhim kho siv cov yas mortars uas muaj cov txiv qaub zoo li no yeej tsis tshwm sim. Ntawd yog, cov tsev thiab cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov masonry sib tov nrog hydraulic txiv qaub ib txwm saib zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj.
Kev siv cov kua qaub hydraulic
Kev siv cov kua qaub hydraulic

Cov kev daws teeb meem npaj los ntawm lub tsev hydraulic txiv qaub tiv taus cua sov, Frost, nag lossis daus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus microflora thiab tshuaj zoo.

Pom zoo: