Hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub ntawm cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish muaj ntau ntau xim sib txawv: acrylic, silicate, dej-dispersion, uas yog dav paub rau cov neeg siv khoom. Glue-raws li cov xim sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib cais thiab tseem tsis tau nrov tshwj xeeb.
Composition
Cov xim ntawm cov nplaum muaj xws li cov xim tsis muaj xim thiab cov organic, nrog rau cov khoom siv ua yeeb yaj kiab, uas tuaj yeem ua hluavtaws, tsiaj lossis zaub. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj me me ntawm thickeners, fillers, stabilizing Cheebtsam, dispersing agents thiab dej repellent.
Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm zaj duab xis tsim muaj xws li: kua nplaum, polyvinyl cawv, starch, carboxymethylcellulose, polysaccharide, resinous cog secretions.
Nyob ntawm cov nplaum muaj pes tsawg leeg
Cov nplaum nplaum ntawm cov xim tuaj yeem yog:
- Casein kua nplaum - muaj cov protein ntau. Cov xim zoo li no yog siv rau kev ua tiav facades thiab sab hauv hauv paus. Lawv tsis tshua muaj zog thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam xim.kev xaiv.
- Dextrinated - ua los ntawm cov pob txha pob txha. Cov xim no feem ntau yog siv los pleev xim rau hauv cov tsev, vim lawv tsis muaj dej tsis zoo.
Raws li lawv cov tsos, cov xim nplaum yog matte thiab glossy. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tom kawg suav nrog mica, uas tso cai rau cov xim pleev xim rau qhov ci kom zoo nkauj.
Los ntawm ntau yam, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Dej-raws li nplaum xim - cov xim no yog nrov heev thiab xav tau. Nws yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, ruaj khov, vapor-permeable nto yog tsim nyob rau hauv nws. Cov xim no dries sai sai thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw.
- Silicate yog hom tshuaj pleev xim zoo heev. Nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog dej tsis kam, uas tso cai rau nws pleev xim nrog qhov sib xyaw ntawm qhov ntub dej.
- Oil-kua pleev xim - cov xim no muaj cov roj kom qhuav. Nws qhuav rau lub sijhawm ntev - txog 48 teev. Feem ntau siv thaum pleev xim rau sab nrauv.
txiaj ntsig
Zoo li txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev, xim muaj ob qho zoo thiab tsis zoo. Xav txog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom:
- Qhov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov xim pleev xim yog muaj peev xwm siv tau rau cov chaw ntub dej.
- Cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj tau muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm vapor permeability, uas yog, kev sib pauv huab cua zoo thiab evaporation ntawm cov dej noo ntau dhau.
- Cov khoom xyaw nquag ntxiv rau cov nplaum ua kom cov khoom muaj zog ntawm cov nplaum.
- Kawcov xim yog yooj yim mus thov raws li nws hloov tau.
- Yog tias cov xim pleev xim raug siv, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev heev - 15-20 xyoo. Cov xim yuav tsis plam nws qhov ci, yog li lwm qhov ntxiv - durability.
- Kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov xim tso cai rau koj kom tau txais qhov zoo nkauj du thiab ntxoov ntxoo tob.
- Cov xim nplaum yog suav tias yog ib puag ncig zoo, vim tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw thiab cov tshuaj lom hauv cov khoom sib xyaw.
- Yog tias qhov xav tau ntim ntau dhau thaum lub sijhawm npaj cov khoom xyaw, ces nws tuaj yeem tso tseg ib ntus, thiab nws yuav tsis poob nws qhov zoo. Txhawm rau khaws cov xim, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej qhov kub thiab av noo nyob rau hauv chav tsev, thiab khaws cov khoom xyaw npaj rau hauv lub thawv huv, qhuav.
Flaws
Cov xim nplaum, zoo li txhua yam sib xyaw, muaj lawv qhov tsis zoo:
- Qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tsis kam tiv thaiv cov dej noo thiab carbon dioxide. Nyob rau hauv high humidity, cov yam ntxwv xim ntawm cov xim yog ploj, raws li cov binder sai decomposes. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog cov av tsis tu ncua, pwm pwm daim ntawv thiab ntau yam kab mob sib kis.
- Thaum siv cov xim no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov proportions: ntau tshaj ntawm cov xim yog fraught nrog chalking ntawm qhov chaw; Cov ntaub nplaum ntau dhau ua rau qhov chaw tsis sib xws thiab tsis sib xws.
Painting lub qab nthab thiab phab ntsa nrog cov nplaum nplaum
Lub qab nthab yog npog nrog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tam sim ntawd tom qab primer, nrog lub qhov rooj thiab qhov rais kaw nruj nreem. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua sai sai rautom qab pleev xim nws tseem ntub. Lub qab nthab yog pleev xim rau ob zaug nrog txhuam.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov xim pleev xim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem muab lub pob roj hmab txiav qub rau ntawm tus txhuam txhuam.
Koj tuaj yeem pleev xim rau lub qab nthab nrog rab phom tsuag, tshuaj tsuag lub vaj lossis rab phom txau los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev. Cov txheej uas siv rau hauv txoj kev no muaj qhov smoother nto.
Phab ntsa tuaj yeem pleev xim sai li sai tau thaum lub qab nthab qhuav tag. Lub phab ntsa yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau saum toj mus rau hauv qab. Cov xim yog siv rau saum npoo sov, ces nws tawm ntawm txhuam zoo dua. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov xim pleev xim rau phab ntsa los ntawm tev tawm, ib qho chaw yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsis pub ntau tshaj ob zaug.
Cov lus qhia rau kev npaj cov kua nplaum nplaum
Txhua txoj haujlwm pib nrog kev npaj cov xim.
Cov tshuaj pleev xim raws li cov protein tau npaj raws li hauv qab no: cov khoom sib xyaw qhuav yog nchuav nrog ib qho dej (feem ntau tuaj yeem pom hauv cov lus qhia). Cov dej kub yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 60 degrees. Tom qab ntawd, qhov sib tov yog stirred thiab sab laug rau 1-1.5 teev kom tag nrho cov Cheebtsam dissolve. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv dej rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Cov pob txha ua cov xim pleev xim yog qhov yooj yim dua rau kev npaj: qhov qhuav thiab dej sib xyaw hauv qhov sib piv 1: 1, qhov sib tov yog khaws cia li 5 teev thiab siv rau saum npoo.
Yog tias koj ua raws li thev naus laus zis ntawm kev npaj thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd lub ntsej muag pleev xim nrog cov xim pleev xim yuav txawv ntawm cov xim nplua nuj thiab silky matte zoo nkauj,yuav ntxiv gloss thiab khoom kim heev rau lub hauv paus. Thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov xim no ua rau nws muaj kev xaiv zoo rau qhov chaw nyob.
