Kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm thermal vuam ntawm cov hlau overshadows lwm txoj kev ua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj cov txheej txheem tsim nyog ntawm feem ntau cov khaub thuas deformation ntawm cov khoom yas. Qhuav vuam yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Rau cov hlau, tshwj xeeb, kev taw qhia deformation nrog nce kev ntxhov siab sab hauv yog siv. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, ntau yam khoom siv, cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv tau siv tau.
Technology overview
Dry welding yog ib hom kev vuam txias hauv cov theem khoom, uas muaj cov txheej txheem deformation tseem ceeb tshwm sim nrog me ntsis ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov qauv ua haujlwm. Ib qho tseem ceeb sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog lub siab siv los ua cov txheej txheem deforming. Piv nrogCov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm thermal kub vuam, cov thev naus laus zis no ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov qub lossis txawm tias qhov kub tsis zoo. Daim duab saum toj no ntawm qhuav vuam rau hlau nyob rau hauv siab qhia tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm xws li kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kub tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub degree ntawm recrystallization. Cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv no yog qhov cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv, vim tias qhov kev sib txuas yog tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau dua workpieces.
Kauj ruam los ntawm kauj ruam welding
Txheem qhuav vuam tshuab yog ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv qab no:
- Yas extrusion ntawm hlau yog ua, cuam tshuam rau cov qauv sib sib zog nqus. Hauv kev ua haujlwm no, cov chav tshwj xeeb tau siv los ua kom cov txheej txheem deformation.
- Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua deforming, kev sib cuag ntawm cov txheej sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov hlau yog tsim.
- Ib qho qauv crystalline raug tsim. Lub sijhawm ua tiav rau qhuav vuam rau cov hlau ntawm qhov taw tes no tuaj yeem suav ua feem ntawm ib thib ob, uas ua rau tsis muaj qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm.
- Kev kho mob sab nraud tshwj xeeb yog ua los ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab ntxiv dag zog, suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion thiab cov nyhuv ntawm kev txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.
yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem
Qhov tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm, ntawm ib sab, cuam tshuam qhov loj ntawm lub cev cuam tshuam rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam, qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas. Rau cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm ob qho tib si spectrasuav nrog cov hauv qab no:
- Indentation tob. Feem ntau, ib qho punch yog siv rau deformation - lub cuab yeej nias, vim tias cov duab ntawm qhov hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov vuam qhuav ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem muab tau raws li qib plasticity, uas, nyob ntawm cov khoom siv, tuaj yeem tso cai rau kev nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm 10-15% (indium) mus rau 85-90% (tooj liab, npib tsib xee).
- Squeeze action. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm compressive quab yuam thiab shear, uas yog xam los ntawm lub tangential quab yuam. Qhov no tsis yog qhov qhia ncaj qha ntawm cov qauv kev hloov pauv, tab sis yog tus yam ntxwv uas txiav txim siab qhov muaj peev xwm hloov chaw ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau koom nrog.
- Muaj peev xwm vuam. Nyob ntawm qhov nyuaj tsis kam ntawm cov qauv hlau nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov neeg kho tshuab los ntawm qhuav vuam. Cov khoom siv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws yog cov khoom ua los ntawm tooj liab, txhuas, nyiaj, cadmium, thiab lwm yam. Raws li hardness nce, lub peev xwm rau vuam txo.
Type of dry welding
Yeej, txoj hauv kev yog qhov txawv los ntawm hom kev sib xyaw ua ke, nrog rau thaum raug thermal. Nws tuaj yeem yog pob tw, qhov chaw thiab seam vuam. Tsis tshua muaj ntau yog shear thiab siab sib koom cov txheej txheem. Thaum ua qhov chaw vuam, cylindrical punches yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej, thiab nrog cov txheej txheem seam, cov menyuam cov ntsiab lus yog siv. Ob txoj kev no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsim khoom siab, tab sis vim li ntawd lawv muab cov ntxhib ntxhib thiab outwardly unattractive seams. Butt qhuav welding rau hlau koom nrogkev siv cov kev tshwj xeeb siab, nrog rau kev siv cov ntawv txiav kom tsis txhob poob ntawm lub workpiece. Qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv thiab, hauv cov ntsiab lus, kev siv lub zog siab, uas ua rau kom lub zog ntawm deformation quab yuam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, vim qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev tsis pom kev, cov tsos ntawm cov khoom yuav deteriorate txawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw sab nraum qhov chaw ua hauj lwm.
Npaj cov khoom ua haujlwm
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj cov khoom siv rau kev vuam qhuav yog vim qhov xav tau kom ceev faj tshem tawm cov adsorbed thiab organic films. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov kab ntawm cov roj thiab roj, nrog rau cov kua qaub thiab paraffin txheej, uas feem ntau siv los khaws thiab txhawb lwm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis hauv lub Hoobkas. Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, cov khoom uas muaj cawv thiab roj av, cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau kev ua hlau yog siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus qhia rau kev siv vuam qhuav rau cov hlau muaj xws li kev npaj ua haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Ntxig qhov chaw nrog cov txhuam txhuam txhuam.
- Rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhuas blanks, calcination yog siv ntawm qhov kub ntawm 300 txog 400 ° C.
- Txheej cov khoom nrog txheej nyias ntawm chrome lossis electroplated npib tsib xee.
- Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev, ces tag nrho cov txheej tiv thaiv sab nraud raug tshem tawm nrog me me ntawm qhov chaw tsis ua haujlwm.
Parameters of vuam hom
Ntawm cov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm hom vuam no yog qhov overhangqhov chaw los ntawm cov clamp, tshwj xeeb siab, punch thickness, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, qhov taw qhia siab yog xaiv raws li lub cev thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hom phiaj workpiece. Yog li, aluminium yog welded ntawm 800 MN / m2, thiab tooj liab ntawm 2500 MN / m2. Raws li kev tawm ntawm lub workpiece los ntawm lub clamping mechanism, ces nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no txhua yam yog ib tug neeg. Piv txwv li, rau txhuas rods ntev d, lub overhang yuav yog 1.2d, thiab rau tooj liab - 1.5d. Cov coefficients yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov zoo li cas. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb hauv kev ntsuas qhov tsis haum yog muab rau qhov ntev ntawm cov punches uas ncaj qha paub qhov vuam qhuav. Rau cov hlau zoo ib yam li tooj liab thiab txhuas, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab nias yog xam raws li qhov tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv thov yuav tsum yog los ntawm 600 MPa rau 2000 MPa. Dimensional parameters raug kho raws li qhov loj ntawm cov qauv, thiab cov duab thiab tsim tau hloov kho rau qhov tsis muaj ntawm cov khoom.
Ua kom qhuav vuam
Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm tau ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Clamps raug kho raws li qhov loj ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau welded.
- compressed cua yog nkag rau lub tshuab kom muab lub siab xav tau los ntawm compressor.
- Lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm tau coj mus rau hauv lub xeev nquag, lub zog uas siv los ua deformation.
- Tam sim ua ntej kev tsim cov vuam qhuav rau hlau, cov lus qhia rau kev siv thev naus laus zis qhia tias yuav tsum tau kho qhov chaw nrog acetone lossis cawv.
- Vuam ntawm cov pas nrig dawb paug thiab txiav ntawm lub teeb (hloov ntau dhau ntawm kev sib tshuam, zoo siab thaum extruded) tab tom ua haujlwm.
- Cov ntsiab lus welded raug tso tawm ntawm cov clamps.
- Lub tshuab txav tau rov qab mus rau nws txoj haujlwm qub, cov latches tau xoob.
Ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm, tus neeg teb xov tooj cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab los ntawm tes, tswj levers thiab feeders. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv niaj hnub ntawm cov cuab yeej siv rau kev vuam qhuav, hluav taws xob txhais tau tias kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm kuj tau muab, nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv-kab ntawm cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov vuam qhuav
Tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm yog qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no piv rau electrochemical hom vuam. Qhov no tshem tawm kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog, tshem tawm cov nqi tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg ntawm qhov zoo, ib tug yuav nco ntsoov ib tug txo nyob rau hauv qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm electrochemical clogging, los ntawm uas, nrog thermal txoj kev, nws yog tsim nyog los tiv thaiv workpieces nrog gaseous media thiab flux. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, muaj lwm yam zoo ntawm vuam qhuav rau hlau:
- Kev ua haujlwm siab nrog lub sijhawm nqis peev tsawg.
- Yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov khoom siv thiab khoom siv.
- Muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem automation.
- Tus neeg teb xov tooj tsis tas yuav yog tus kws tshaj lij welder.
- Yuav tsum tau ua tom qab ua tiav qhov tsawg kawg nkaus.
Disadvantages of dry welding
Nrog tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig, cov cuab yeej no tsis yog dav heev piv rau cov vuam kub, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm cov kev txwv loj hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev lees txais ntawm txoj kev rau cov hlau thiab alloys uas tsis tshua muaj ductility. Feem ntau uas tsis yog-ferrous thiab cov hlau ntshiab tuaj yeem ua tiav. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm suav rau ib tug zoo tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntsiab kev tsis zoo ntawm kev siv vuam qhuav rau cov hlau ua tau zoo yog cuam tshuam nrog kev deformation ntawm cov qauv sab hauv, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm yav tom ntej ntawm cov khoom. Feem ntau, peb tuaj yeem hais tias cov cuab yeej siv tau yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis, tab sis tsis yog thoob ntiaj teb thiab tshwj xeeb heev.
Zaj lus
Cold welding txoj kev muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis thermal ntawm kev koom nrog cov hlau blanks. Lawv muaj feem xyuam rau qhov xwm ntawm qhov cuam tshuam rau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub koom haum kev lag luam ntawm cov txheej txheem. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov vuam qhuav rau cov yeeb yam hlau, txoj kev no ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom me me hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Peb feem ntau yog tham txog cov conductors thiab cov khoom me me stamped. Thaum nws los txog rau cov qauv hlau, cov kav dej loj thiab cov ntawv tsis muaj steel hlau, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau txais kev ntseeg siab nrog kev kub siab welding. Hloov cov qauv vim deformation nyob rau hauv xws li mob yuav ua tsis tau.
