Aluminium yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nrog qhov ntom ntom. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov hlau yog silver-dawb, matte. Nws yog lub teeb heev thiab mos, vim tias nws muaj qhov qis melting point - txog 650 degrees. Nws tau pom nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov spheres ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Nws yog nquag siv hauv kev lag luam zaub mov, nrog rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam tais diav. Hais txog kev tsim khoom ntawm tag nrho cov hlau, nws nyob qib thib ob hauv ntiaj teb, tom qab hlau.
Aluminium yog qhov raug mob los ntawm cov kua qaub. Muaj peev xwm yaj nyob rau hauv concentrated alkali daws. Txhawm rau zam cov xwm txheej zoo li no, tag nrho cov khoom siv txhuas tau npog nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv lub crushed plua plav hauv lub xeev, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig oxygen, nws txhawb active combustion.
me ntsis txog cov khoom thiab alloys ntawm aluminium
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob ntawm cov hlau no piv rau cov kub, nyiaj thiab tooj liab. Feem ntau hauv hluav taws xob engineering. Stranded wires thiab cables yog tsim los ntawm nws, lawv tsim windings rau hluav taws xob motors thiab transformers. Aluminium yog ductile heev, tab sis nkig heev. Nws tuaj yeem dov tawm mus rau cov cuab yeej ntawm ib qho translucentntawv ci. Aluminium ingots tuaj yeem yooj yim npaj thiab txiav. Nrog rau kev qhia txog cov khoom ntxiv uas tsim nyog, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov hlau, yog li nthuav qhov ntau ntawm nws daim ntawv thov.
Cov hlau no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1911 los ntawm German craftsmen hauv lub nroog Düren. Li no lub npe ntawm cov alloy, muaj xws li txhuas, tooj liab, magnesium thiab manganese - duralumin, los yog duralumin. Xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev ua kom ntev ntev ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov yam ntxwv muaj zog thiab tswj tau lub teeb ci qub (txhuas yog 3 zaug sib zog dua hlau). Lub duralumin alloy pom zoo daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub aircraft kev lag luam, vim hais tias nws yog nicknamed "winged hlau". Txhawm rau kom muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion, nws tau coated nrog ntshiab txhuas sputtering.
Txhawm rau tshem tawm xws li sputtering, qhov sib txawv aluminium alloy nrog silicon suav nrog, silumin, tau tsim. Vim nws txoj kev ci ntsa iab thiab xim nyiaj, aluminium yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov iav, ob qho tib si kev lag luam thiab kev siv tshuab (piv txwv li, rau telescopes), nrog rau tsev neeg.
Kev siv cov aluminium alloys hauv kev lag luam khoom noj
Aluminium hauv kev lag luam khoom noj, nrog rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, yog siv heev. Los ntawm nws lawv ua cov tais diav, txhua yam ntim rau cov kua thiab cov khoom sib tov, ua tshuab thiab khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom noj. Rau qhov no, zaub mov-qib aluminium ntawv feem ntau yog siv. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias aluminium alloys tsis cuam tshuam rau cov khoom lag luam lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce. Tag nrho cov vitamins, cov as-ham, cov khoom qub thiab cov kab mob tau khaws cia tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tsis muaj peev xwm ua phem rauua mob rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Ntxiv mus, tsuas yog cov khoom noj-qib aluminium thiab nws cov alloys ntawm qee qib tau tso cai siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj.
Hlau alloys uas muaj txhuas kuj siv tau. Txhua qib ntawm cov hlau no uas tso cai rau siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj yuav tsum ua raws li GOST.
Siv raws li ntim
Nyob hauv txhua lub tsev muaj lossis txawm yog cov tais diav ua los ntawm txhuas - cov no yog cov diav, khob, ladles, pots, juicers, nqaij grinders thiab ntau ntxiv. Aluminium ntawv ci yog nrov heev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua noj ua haus, uas yog siv thaum ci nqaij thiab zaub los yog tsuas yog khaws cia thiab thauj cov zaub mov. Cov ntawv ci no zoo rau ntim khoom qab zib, chocolate, ice cream, butter, cheese thiab tsev cheese.
Ntau cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, cov xim pleev xim (roj, tempera, gouache thiab txawm tias cov xim dej) tau ntim rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus qib txhuas. Lawv kuj ntim zaub mov rau cov neeg caij nkoj. Nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg hais tias txhuas, suav nrog qib zaub mov, thiab cov alloys raws li nws tau nkag mus rau hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub.
Khoom noj khoom haus txhuas yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov thawv rau cov khoom noj kaus poom. Vim qhov kev loj hlob no, cov khoom pov tseg aluminium uas decomposes hauv qhov chaw pov tseg yog nce txhua xyoo.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom noj qib aluminium
Khoom noj khoom haus txhuas muaj ntau yam zoo, ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- Tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm corrosion. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov cuab yeej siv hauv chav ua noj thiab cov cuab yeej muaj peev xwm nyob hauv dej tau ntev yam tsis muaj kev phom sij rau lawv tus kheej.
- Khoom noj khoom haus qib aluminium tsis deform nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
- Txawm tias nws tau los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom organoleptic, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Tag nrho cov vitamins lawv muaj kuj tau khaws cia.
- Vim muaj kev nruj txaus, cov khoom tsis deform thaum ua noj.
- Khoom noj khoom haus txhuas tsis muaj teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev thiab huv si.
- tais ua los ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem siv tau thaum ua noj hauv qhov cub thiab microwave ncu.
Aluminium cookware thiab khoom ua noj
Khoom noj khoom haus qib aluminium thiab nws cov alloys muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom khoom noj khoom haus. Txij li thaum cov hlau no txawv los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los tsim txhua yam ntawm cov alloys, nws, raws li tau hais los saum toj no, yog nquag siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau hom chav ua noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv rau chav ua noj thiab ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Txhuas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev nrog lub peev xwm kub tsawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws xyaum tsis deform ntawm qhov kub thiab txias los yog thaum nws sib txawv. Vim nws qhov qis melting point thiab nws ductility, aluminium yog nquag siv raucasting ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hauv chav ua noj. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau qhov chaw uas txawv los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus nyem, txhua yam ntawm cov duab nyuaj thiab cov khoom siv nrog thaj tsam loj. Piv txwv li, nws yog qhov zoo rau txhua yam khoom ci.
Aluminium alloys thiab GOST
Khoom noj khoom haus txhuas, uas yog siv rau kev tsim cov tais diav thiab lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws, tuaj yeem ua tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau yam alloys, txhua yam uas muaj thoob ntiaj teb thiab lub teb chaws cov qauv zoo, uas. qhia tias lawv siv tau li cas.
Khoom noj khoom haus qib qib
Txhua hom ntawm cov hlau no muaj nws tus kheej cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Raws li GOST, tsis suav rau qib A5 hauv kev lag luam khoom noj, koj tuaj yeem siv cov hlau xws li Ak5M2, AK7, AK9, AK12. Tag nrho lwm cov qib ntawm cov khoom noj-qib txhuas raug tso cai siv nrog kev tso cai tshwj xeeb.
Hlau alloy qib suav nrog txhuas
Hlau alloys uas muaj txhuas kuj siv tau. Cov no suav nrog hom AB, AVM, A0, AD1, AD1M, AL22, AL23, AMg22. Tag nrho cov alloys no nquag siv los ua cov diav.
Ntau zaus, cov khoom lag luam ua los ntawm cov khoom noj-qib aluminium lossis nws cov alloys tom qab yuav tsum tau coated nrog txheej tshwj xeeb. Tab sis qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog AMts hom, txij li nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yog ua raws li GOST.
Khoom noj khoom haus txhuas tau ntev thiab khov kho rau hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub. Koj nrhiav tsis tau lub chav ua noj uas tsis muaj cov tais diav ua los ntawm cov hlau no. Kev tshuaj xyuas txog nws tsuas yog qhov zoo, thiab, pom meej, nws qhov kev nyiam yuav tsis poob.
