Lub hauv ncoo hauv ncoo hu ua kev txhawb nqa tshwj xeeb tsim los kom ruaj khov hauv av hauv ntau lub tsev thiab cov qauv. Xws li cov ntsiab lus yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ob lub nroog siab-siab tsev thiab cov tsev ntiav. Ntxiv nrog rau cov nyhuv stabilizing, xws li hauv ncoo kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo. Yog tias lawv nyob, lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog dej hauv av, thiab yog li ntawd tsis raug kev puas tsuaj. Qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus hauv ncoo tuaj yeem sib txawv. Tib yam siv rau lawv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab txhua yam.
ntau yam tseem ceeb
Pillows tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab kev lag luam:
- xuab zeb thiab gravel;
- pob zeb thiab pob zeb muaj zog.
Ob hom no tau muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus ntau zaus. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm thawj hom hauv ncoo yog lawv cov nqi qis, zoo poob siab-absorbing zog thiab yooj yim ntawm kev npaj.
pob zebdesigns ntawm no ntau yam yog, ntawm chav kawm, kim kim thiab ntau nyuaj rau nruab. Txawm li cas los xij, xws li hauv ncoo muab lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev ruaj ntseg, ua rau nws txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov. Xws li lub hauv paus ncoo rau lub hauv paus sawb tej zaum yuav muaj ntau qhov sib txawv.
yam ntxwv ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab gravel pads
Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm hom no feem ntau yog teem rau hauv qab lub hauv paus ntawm cov tsev ntiav hauv lub tebchaws qis. Pillows ntawm no ntau yam yog nteg nyob rau hauv slab thiab nyob rau hauv lub sawb bases. Xws li txheej stabilizing kuj muaj nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm columnar foundations.
Hom yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig tshaj ntawm lub tsev hauv paus substrate yog xuab zeb. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tsuas tuaj yeem muab nws:
- ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj dej hauv av tob;
- under light buildings.
Crushed pob zeb hauv ncoo muaj qib siab dua. Lawv raug nchuav tawm ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov feem sib txawv. Yav dhau los, nyob rau hauv cov hauv ncoo, ib txheej me me ntawm cov xuab zeb dej yog siv rau hauv qab ntawm lub trench lossis lub qhov.
Yuav tsum tau npaj cov xuab zeb thiab pob zeb hauv ncoo
Substrates ntawm hom no yog nchuav rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws cov tsev ua raws li cov qauv hauv qab no:
- lub thickness ntawm cov xuab zeb stabilizing ncoo yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 30 cm thiab ntau tshaj 80 cm;
-
lub thickness ntawm leveling txheej ntawm xuab zeb nyob rau hauv lub gravel cushion yuav tsum yog 15 cm;
- lub thickness ntawm gravel hauv ncoo nws tus kheej yuav tsum tsawg kawg25 cm.
Qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus pads no feem ntau sib npaug rau thaj tsam ntawm daim kab xev nws tus kheej lossis lub hauv paus phaj ntawm lub tsev lossis ntu ntu ntawm cov ncej txhawb nqa.
Nws ntseeg tias yog cov av ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj zog, nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab cov pob zeb sib xyaw-xuab zeb substrate nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Qhov piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau backfilling trench nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog txhais li 60% mus rau 40%. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ncoo ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv loj thaum lub sij hawm npaj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo compacted. Rau kev ntseeg tau, qhov kev ua haujlwm no raug pom zoo kom ua tiav siv lub phaj vibrating.
pob zeb vaj
Hom hauv ncoo no yog mounted tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tsev siab siab thiab cov qauv. Feem ntau, cov pob zeb muaj zog yog siv los muab lub zog rau lub hauv paus thiab ruaj khov. Xws li hauv ncoo muaj zog ntau dua thiab, raws li, kev pabcuam lub neej. Reinforced qhob hauv ncoo tau pw thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov tsev siab, ntawm chav kawm, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus sawb.
Thaum txhim kho lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, ob qho tib si stabilizing cov qauv cam khwb cia rau hauv qhov chaw thiab npaj ua lub Hoobkas tuaj yeem siv tau. Ob hom substrates yog suav hais tias yog kev ntseeg siab heev.
Yuav tsum tau nchuav cov pob zeb ua pob
Cov txheej txheem no yog ua raws li txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Ntawd yog, lub hauv ncoo yog nchuav rau hauv lub hauv paus raws li hauv qab no:
- nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub trenches, ib tug leveling xuab zeb cushion yog pre-nrog tamping dej;
- rau hauv lub trenchformwork thiab reinforcing tawb raug ntsia;
- pob zeb sib tov yog nchuav rau hauv ncoo.
Thaum npaj cov qauv zoo li no, nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv hauv qab no SNiP:
- lub thickness ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab gravel txheej yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 30 cm;
- qhov siab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yog muab rau cov pob zeb substrate nws tus kheej.
Raws li qhov loj me, lub hauv paus hauv ncoo ntawm hom no tshaj qhov hneev taw ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev. Raws li cov kev cai, qhov dav ntawm stabilizing reinforced pob zeb qauv yuav tsum yog 15 cm ntau tshaj li qhov qhia ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus.
Reinforced concrete foundation pads: qhov ntev raws li GOST
Qhov zoo ntawm cov substrates suav nrog feem ntau nce lub zog thiab kev teeb tsa siab. Lub tsuas drawbacks hauv ncoo ntawm hom no yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thaum lub sij hawm installation. Xws li substrates yog mounted nyob rau hauv lub sau, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub prefabricated sawb foundations.
Nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb muaj zog ntawm cov tuam txhab, thiab lwm yam, qee cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua. Tswj qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus pads GOST 13580-85. Raws li daim ntawv no, cov qauv no tuaj yeem muaj qhov siab ntawm 300 lossis 500 hli.
Qhov dav ntawm cov khoom ntawm hom no txawv ntawm 800-3200 mm (increments ntawm 200 mm). Qhov ntev ntawm cov pob zeb ua pob zeb yog nyob ntawm lawv qhov dav. Txhais qhov noqhov taw qhia rau cov khoom ntawm tus qauv loj tuaj yeem ua raws li cov lus tshwj xeeb. Rau daim phiaj ntawm qhov dav sib txawv, daim duab no yog 780, 1180, 2380 thiab 2980 mm (nyob rau hauv txawv variations).
Type by bearing capacity
Foundation hauv ncoo FL qhov ntev raws li GOST 13580-85, yog li, yuav txawv. Tab sis muaj lwm qhov taw qhia, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau hauv kev tsim vaj tsev.
Lub hauv ncoo ntawm hom no tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab siv cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, lawv cov kabmob muaj peev xwm yuav tsis zoo ib yam. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, tag nrho cov reinforced pob zeb npaj-ua hauv ncoo yog muab faib ua 4 pawg loj. Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb qhov thaiv zoo li cas yog los ntawm nws cov cim. Qhov siab dua cov chav kawm ntawm cov khoom, qhov ntau dua cov kabmob muaj peev xwm nws txawv.
Yuav ua li cas lawv cim: decryption
Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub hom phiaj ntawm lub pob zeb ua vaj huam sib luag ntawm hom no ua lub hauv paus cushion los ntawm kev xaiv FL. Tswj cov ntawv sau npe ntawm cov khoom xws li GOST. FL 16.24-3-P.
Raws li cov npe muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, koj tuaj yeem pom, ntawm lwm yam, qhov ntev ntawm lub hauv paus blocks-pillows. Lub cim ntawm cov khoom no yog deciphered raws li hauv qab no:
- thawj ob tus lej tom qab "FL" - qhov dav ntawm cov khoom (piv txwv li, 16 - 1.6 m);
- thib ob tus lej - hauv ncoo ntev;
- tus lej tom ntej yog chav kawm muaj peev xwm (1, 2, 3 lossis 4).
Yog tias daim ntawv lo ntawm lub phaj ntxivtsab ntawv P yog qhia, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb uas tsis muaj dej permeability. Cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov av ntub dej.
Installation thev naus laus zis
Raws li cov kabmob muaj peev xwm thiab qhov loj ntawm lub hauv paus pads FL, yog li, tuaj yeem sib txawv. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, thaum txhim kho cov qauv zoo li no, qee yam thev naus laus zis yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam yam tsis muaj kev poob.
Nkauj kab ntsab lawv tus kheej raug cim ua FB. Raws li cov kev cai, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse thiab vaj tse, nws yuav tsum tau siv FL slabs ua siv tib lub tsev ntaub ntawv raws li FB.
Cov pob zeb ua vaj tse pob zeb tau raug teeb tsa raws li hauv qab no:
- npog tab tom ua rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab khawb qhov trench;
- hauv qab ntawm lub trench yog compacted siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb;
- tso cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo;
- ib theem xuab zeb thiab gravel pad yog nchuav rau hauv qab ntawm trench;
- lub hauv qab substrate kuj ua tib zoo ntim;
- FL slabs raug xa mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho;
- nrog kev pab ntawm lub crane lawv tau nruab rau hauv lub trench;
- FL tab tom ntxiv;
- nrog hnav khaub ncaws, cov blocks ntawm lub hauv paus nws tus kheej raug teeb tsa;
- lub hauv ncoo thiab lub hauv paus phab ntsa yog waterproofed;
- rov qab trenches tab tom ua.
Thaum txhim kho hauv ncoo thaiv, cov neeg tsim yuav tsum siv qib. Tom qab tag nrho, lub dav hlau sab sauv ntawm lub hauv paus tiav yuav tsum yog kab rov tav.
