Kev tsim kho vaj tsev monolithic yog ua los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb txawm tias tus neeg tsim khoom zoo ib yam. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, ib tug formwork qauv yog tsim. Tom qab ntawd nws puv nrog pob zeb. Dab tsi nyiam cov tsev monolithic niaj hnub no?
Kev tshuaj xyuas
Hnub no, cov tsev tau tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis sib txawv. Yog tias koj npaj yuav tsim koj lub tsev npau suav, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom muab kev nyiam rau cov qauv monolithic. Ua tsaug rau nws, nws ua tau los tsim cov tsev kho mob txhim khu kev qha ntawm txhua qhov kev teeb tsa. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov kws tshaj lij nco ntsoov tias kev tsim vaj tsev monolithic tsis hais txog kev siv cov cuab yeej hnyav. Tshwj xeeb, qhov no siv rau cranes. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov twj tso kua mis yog siv. Nrog kev pab los ntawm tom kawg, cov tshuaj yog nchuav rau hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb. Qhob tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm qhov siab txog li 4 m. Yog li, cov toj roob hauv pes yog khaws cia rau ntawm qhov chaw.
Qhov zoo ntawm Technology
Siv cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv ntawm txhua qhov nyuaj thiab teeb tsa. Cov duab curvilinear tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws uascov tsev monolithic. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm ntau tus tswv ntawm thaj chaw nyob hauv tsev qhia txog qib siab ntawm kev npaj cov tsev rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm raug txo kom tsawg. Yog tias peb sib piv cov kev tsim vaj tsev zoo sib xws, uas siv cov qauv ruaj khov nrog rau lwm cov thev naus laus zis, tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho tau nrawm los ntawm yuav luag kaum zaug. Tseem muaj kev txuag nyiaj. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau ntau tus neeg yuav khoom uas xaiv cov phiaj xwm tsim vaj tsev monolithic rau lawv tus kheej.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm lwm tus qauv
Cov phab ntsa monolithic yog nyias dua li cov ua los ntawm cib, ntau dua ob zaug. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv qub nrog lub thickness ntawm 0.3 m nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm thermal conductivity ntse hloov 2.3 m ntawm tom kawg. Kev tsim kho tus kheej ntawm lub tsev txo cov nqi cua sov los ntawm yuav luag 4 zaug. Yog li, thaum txhim kho 10x10 m qauv, nws qhov chaw sab hauv yuav nce 15 square meters. m. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, koj tau txais chav ntxiv.
Txoj kev muaj zog
Monolithic private tsev yog qhov txawv ntawm lub zog thiab nruj. Cov kws tshaj lij hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias raws li cov kev txwv no, cov qauv no tsis sib xws. Nyob rau hauv xws li lub tsev, lub load ntawm lub hauv paus yog ho txo. Qhov no yog tiav vim peculiarities ntawm kev tsim kho technology. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv suburban kev tsim kho, kev siv cov tshiab ntiav ntiav yog tso cai. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tus nqi qis ntawm lawv cov kev tsim kho. Qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv ib txwm siv thiab cov formwork ruaj khov yog qhov ua tau. Ua tsaug raurau qhov no, tus tsim tawm tuaj yeem siv txhua qhov kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev lub caij ntuj sov lossis lub tsev. Qhov no siv tau rau ob qho tib si kev npaj thiab kev tsim vaj tsev zoo nkauj heev.
Vim kev loj hlob
Ib chav tsev nyob hauv ib lub tsev monolithic tam sim no suav tias yog thaj chaw lag luam hauv tsev. Qhov kev siv tshuab no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo dua qub. Qhov no tseem muaj pov thawj los ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thaum lub tsev nyob. Peb tab tom tham txog lub sijhawm secular.
Kev tsim kho
Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev niaj hnub no uas cov tsev monolithic tau tsim. Cov lus teb los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom qhia tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv me me rau kev tsim cov qauv. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm thev naus laus zis yog qhov yooj yim heev: pob zeb yog nchuav rau hauv cov ntawv ua tiav. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, lub qab nthab, pem teb thiab phab ntsa yog zoo kawg nkaus txawm. Cov tsos ntawm lub tsev zoo cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua tiav ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv. Hauv particular, lub tsev monolithic-cib zoo li zoo. Hom qauv no tseem hu ua "ua pa". Lawv txias thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab sov heev thaum lub caij ntuj no.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev nyab xeeb
Txhua tus qauv yuav raug shrinkage. Monolithic tsev tsis muaj qhov zam. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov tswv ntawm thaj chaw nyob qhia tias tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov phab ntsa, cov plag tsev thiab lwm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm shrinkage, vim nws tshwm sim sib npaug. Raws li cov neeg yuav khoom ntawm cov vaj tse no lawv tus kheej, tau ntau xyoo tsis muaj qhov tawg, distortions thiab lwm yamdeformations. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm atmospheric nag lossis daus yog tsawg heev. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov phiaj. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag vaj huam sib luag. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, nce ploj mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, kev siv thev naus laus zis ua ke tau siv. Yog li, piv txwv li, qee cov neeg yuav khoom xaiv lub tsev monolithic-vaj huam sib luag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus nqi ntawm vaj tse plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov tsev ntau tsev (monolithic) tuaj yeem ua tau rau txhua qhov huab cua, txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias qis dua xoom. Cov qauv zoo li no tuaj yeem hu ua "seamless". Lawv txawv los ntawm enviable durability.
Ultramodern erection
Monolithic thav duab thev naus laus zis yog ib txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb. Nws muab ob txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev. Txoj kev no tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Tam sim no, tej yaam num ntawm monolithic tsev ntawm hom no yog nrov heev. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia cov thev naus laus zis no sai, yooj yim thiab zoo. Nws tso cai rau koj kom txuag tau nyiaj ntau rau cua sov koj lub tsev. Cov tshuab no yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov polystyrene ua npuas ncauj boards. Qhob yog siv rau lawv nyob rau hauv siab. Xws li lub tsev yuav ruaj khov thiab txhim khu kev qha thaum piv nrog lwm cov qauv. Lub tsev zoo li no tau lees tias yuav tiv thaiv los ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- kev sib haum xeeb tsis sib haum.
- Ntau kab nrib pleb.
- Deformation of window opens.
Nrog rau hom kev tsim kho no, tsuas yog cov tsev tsim tau ruaj khov. Lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus av qeeg thiabmuaj zog nag xob nag cua. Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom siv cov txheej txheem kev tsim kho no hauv thaj chaw muaj kev puas tsuaj seismically thiab ntawm cov av subscription. Cov tshuab no tau ntev tau siv dav hauv cov tebchaws tsim. Lub neej ua haujlwm yog txog 200 xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsev zoo li no yog airtight heev. Cov cottages no soundproof thiab xis heev. Qhov no yog ua tiav vim qhov kev tsim seamless thiab tsis muaj cov txuas hniav txias. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev, ib tug "thermos effect" yog tsim. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias thaum lub caij kub nws txias ntawm no, thiab lub caij ntuj no nws sov heev. Tam sim no nws pheej yig dua los tsim lub tsev monolithic-thav duab dua li tsim lub tsev ib txwm muaj.
Khoom siv xav tau
Ua ntej kev tsim kho, yuav tsum muaj kev suav tsim nyog. Qhov nruab nrab noj pob zeb rau 1 sq. m. - mus txog 0.7 m3. Kev txhawb nqa steel yuav xav tau txog li 70 kg. Yuav kom ua formwork, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau siv ntau yam ntaub ntawv.
Metal
Hlau thiab aluminium alloys yog cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Los ntawm thawj zaug, load-bearing formwork ntsiab yog tsim. Hauv qhov no, galvanized lossis galvanized steel nrog cov hmoov txheej yog siv. Lub tom kawg thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm kom ceev ceev ntawm formwork thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm corrosion. Aluminium kev tsim kho yog li peb zaug sib dua li hlau. Qhov no txo tus nqi ntawm formwork installation, nrog rau cov complexity ntawm nws cov tsheb thauj mus los. Yog li, tus nqi ntawm kev tsim lub tsev monolithic kuj raug txo. Tsis tas li ntawd,lub crane tsis koom nrog kev ua haujlwm.
Teeb
Laminated ntoo lossis plywood feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom sib luag. Thawj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab heev rau deformation thiab lub zog. Txawm li cas los xij, ntoo kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Nws yog hais txog hygroscopicity. Nws paub tias cov khoom ntoo tuaj yeem hloov pauv lossis o. Yog li ntawd, laminated plywood nrog tshwj xeeb phenol-formaldehyde txheej yog siv hauv kev tsim kho. Ua tsaug rau nws, muaj qhov txo qis hauv adhesion rau pob zeb thiab ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv siab.
Styrofoam
Kho cov formwork ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no tau nquag nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim qis qis ntawm cov tsev monolithic. Nws yog sib sau ua ke siv kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem sab nrauv thiab sab hauv ntawm cov blocks. Raws li cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv, nws zoo ib yam li ntuj. Peb tab tom tham txog cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo cork, uas suav nrog microgranules. Thaum foamed, cov khoom no ua vapor-tawv. Ntawm nws cov khoom muaj xws li hauv qab no:
- Tsis nyiam nas los yog kab phem.
- Tsis ua qias neeg hauv av.
- Moisture resistant.
- Chemically neutral.
- Non-radioactive.
Cov khoom siv hauv tsev no suav hais tias tsis muaj teeb meem kiag li. Moulding tej pob khoom txawm yog tsim los ntawm nws, uas tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom noj. Outwardly, nws zoo li ua npuas ncauj, txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov yam ntxwv txawv heev. ATThaum lub sij hawm tsim cov khoom no, cov impurities tsis zoo ntawm phenol raug tshem tawm los ntawm nws, thiab tshwj xeeb additives yog qhia uas tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm hlawv.
yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm phab ntsa
Kev tsim hauv tsev uas siv cov thev naus laus zis no kuj muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv, ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- II hluav taws kub tiv thaiv.
- Acoustics - 53 dB.
- Kev nqus dej txhua hnub - 1%.
- Hloov pauv cua sov ib 1 sq. m. – 3.2 K/W.
- Cov phab ntsa tsis tas - 340 kg ib 1 sq. m.
- Design thickness - 30 cm.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim cov qauv ruaj khov: cov txheej txheem dav dav
Kev tsim lub tsev nyob siv cov thev naus laus zis no suav nrog ntau theem, ntawm lawv cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:
- Koj yuav tsum pib nrog kev npaj cov pob zeb.
- Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv nws tus kheej tau npaj.
- Npaj pob zeb tau ua ke.
Ntxiv mus, kev tsim kho yuav tsum tau kho nrog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Nws tau nruab ua ke nrog cov khoom siv (cov hlua khi, cov ncej thiab cov xauv sib txuas).
Ua haujlwm algorithm
Monolithic formwork yog nchuav nrog cov pob zeb npaj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tos rau kev daws teeb meem. Tom qab ntawd, lub formwork raug tshem tawm, thaum lub sij hawm uas tsis yog tshem tawm ib feem tseem nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nws yuav dhau los ua cov txheej txheem cua sov.
cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb
Hauv kev tsim kho monolithic muaj ntau hom formwork. Piv txwv li, muaj cov qauv tsim raufoundations, ceilings thiab phab ntsa. Raws li, lub installation ntawm formwork yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hauv paus qauv, kab rov tav struts thiab tshwj xeeb slopes yog siv. Slab formwork implies lub xub ntiag ntawm volumetric los yog telescopic racks. Ntau yam khoom siv los tsim cov qauv monolithic, ntawm lawv:
- Steel.
- ntoo.
- Aluminium.
- YPlastic.
Qhov zoo thiab tsim khoom ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov khoom siv. Feem ntau, ruaj formwork yog ua los ntawm ntom polystyrene ua npuas ncauj. Cov qauv tsim muaj cov blocks nrog ob daim hlau. Lawv txuas nrog cov jumpers ruaj khov. Cov kab noj hniav hauv formwork yog ntxiv dag zog thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, tom qab uas lawv yog poured nrog pob zeb. Cov dav hlau nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus yog nruab nrog cov xauv uas muaj cov duab zoo. Muaj qee yam zoo ib yam li kev sib dhos ntawm Lego blocks ntawm no. Qhov kev tsim no muab ntau yam zoo. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tsis tas yuav siv cov khoom khaws cia. Cov kev ntsuas geometric ntawm cov phab ntsa kuj tseem khaws cia. Qhov no ua kom muaj kev sib txuas nruj.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov
Styrofoam kev tsim kho yog suav tias yog qhov chaw tiaj tus. Vim li no, nws raug tso cai tam sim ntawd pib kho cov phab ntsa. Hauv qhov no, txhua yam khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem siv tau. Qhov kawg yog txuas nrog cov nplaum txuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, mechanical fastening tuaj yeem nkag rau hauv lub cev pob zeb. Yog hais tias ib tug ruaj formwork yog txuam nrog, ces ib tug reinforced pob zeb phab ntsa ntawm ib tug monolithic hom yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm. Nws yogyuav tsum muaj lub suab tsis muaj suab nrov thiab kub-insulating plhaub ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Yog li, qhov tsim ntawm qhov chaw txias tsis suav nrog tag nrho. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem thermal rwb thaiv tsev sab nraud, cov qauv monolithic tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ib puag ncig. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau khov. Cov txheej no yog qhov thaiv ntawm cov cua sov ntawm phab ntsa thiab sab hauv tsev.
Main flaws
Hmoov tsis zoo, hom kev tsim kho no muaj pluses thiab minuses. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nws kim heev. Thiab qhov no siv tsis tau rau tus nqi xwb. Nws yuav siv sij hawm tsim nyog los tsim ib lub tsev monolithic. Tus nqi rau 1 sq / m pib los ntawm 14 - 18 txhiab rubles. Qhov nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov qauv yog vim cov khoom tiav. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub tsev monolithic-cib. Tus nqi ntawm ib square meter nyob rau hauv nws yog los ntawm 1.5 mus rau 3.5 txhiab las. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txheej txheem kev tsim kho nws tus kheej yuav siv sijhawm qee lub sijhawm. Yog li, kev xa khoom ntawm chav tsev yuav tau tos. Kev npaj pub dawb yog suav tias yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog ib qho kev hwm tsis muaj cai. Cov tsev zoo sib xws tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov tsos. Yog li, yog tias kev tshaj tawm hais tias lub tsev tau tsim ua raws li tus kheej qhov project, ces cov qauv no yog nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub monolithic.
