Kev tsis muaj dej tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev, cov qauv tsim vaj tsev thiab cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm dej. Penetrating agents raug suav hais tias yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov teeb meem no, vim lawv tsim cov txheej txheem dej-tiv taus. Cov khoom siv yog cov dej tsis muaj dej qhuav, uas tau npaj raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm mortar, tom qab ntawd nws tau siv rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm.
Insulator lub hom phiaj
Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom siv yog ua kom cov dej tsis muaj dej nyob hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov ntawm qhov tawg-resistant thiab tsis-deformable. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg, tej zaum yuav muaj contraindications rau kev siv ntawm waterproofing nyob rau hauv relation mus mineral thiab gypsum bases. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv yog siv hauv cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
- Sab nraud thiab sab hauv dej tiv thaiv hauv av thiab faus cov qauv.
- Sau cov voids thiab qhov hauv masonry ntawm cov qauv qub thiab cov tsev.
- Tiav chav ntub dej rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thov tom ntej ntawm cov nplais hauv ob sab phlu. Raws li txoj cai, kev siv cov dej tsis muaj dej qhuav ntawm cov pob zeb, uas tuaj yeem ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
- Kev tiv thaiv cov dej phwj tuaj thiab hydraulic engineering chaw ua haujlwm tas li hauv kev sib cuag nrog dej.
- Kev tiv thaiv dej ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, cov pas dej thiab cov thawv npaj rau kev saib xyuas cov dej haus.
Nyob rau hauv qee kis, tej zaum yuav muaj kev tshwj xeeb rau kev siv cov kev hloov pauv txawv ntawm cov insulator. Piv txwv li, tib lub hauv paus deformable tsuas yog ua tiav nrog ib qho elastic waterproofing loj ntawm ob-polymer-cement hauv paus. Yog tias tsim nyog, tus kheej zoo yog txhim kho los ntawm cov khoom ntxiv - piv txwv li, txhawm rau txhim kho Frost tsis kam, elasticity thiab lub zog.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Cov sib tov muaj qhov nkag mus, tsim cov txheej txheem dej-repellent txhim khu kev qha nrog cov qauv saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov nyhuv no tau tiav ua tsaug rau ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tus txheej txheem tsim implies suav nrog cov cement, quartz xuab zeb thiab cov tshuaj nquag siv nrog granulometric filling. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm dissolution, cov ions ntawm cov sib tov nkag mus rau hauv lub micropores rau hauv cov qauv ntawm tib lub pob zeb thiab crystallize. Yog li ntawd, tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov dej thiab dej noo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhuav cement sib tov ntawm waterproofing muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog hlau nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Feem ntau xav tiascov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog calcium ions ntawm reinforcing rods, nrog rau txhuas inclusions. Cov ntsev thiab oxides muaj nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb ua qauv, raws li lawv cuam tshuam, tsim insoluble koob zoo li crystalline hydrates. Lub network ntawm cov muaju yog nyob random, sau microcracks thiab capillaries txog li 0.5 hli. Vim yog lub zog ntawm qhov nro ntawm cov xov xwm aqueous, qhov pom ntawm cov kua los ntawm cov qauv raug thaiv. Cov txiaj ntsig network ntawm cov muaju tsim cov qauv monolithic nrog pob zeb, ua rau nws cov yam ntxwv muaj zog.
Ntau yam khoom
Techniques rau thov waterproofers sib txawv, ua rau sib txawv yuav tsum tau rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm mix. Raws li txoj cai, cov nram qab no hom ntawm qhuav waterproofing yog txawv:
- Txhob. Nws yog siv los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv los ntawm sab nraud hydrological influences.
- Tampon. Nws yog siv rau seams, pob qij txha thiab junctions ntawm cov qauv. Hauv kev tsim kho kev tshaj lij, qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav cov pob qij txha interpanel nodal.
- Cement kho. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv sealing lub zos xau. Ib hom sealant uas tuaj yeem siv los kho cov qhov uas twb muaj lawm, thiab lwm yam.
- Additive hauv cement. Txawm tias nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim ib lub mortar, cov sib tov yog nkag mus rau hauv lub loj, ua raws li ib tug tag nrho-fledged tivthaiv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej qauv, nrog rau tib cov cement los yog xuab zeb.
Npaj lub hauv paus rau daim ntawv thov
Qhov chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum yog cov khoom, qib thiab huv. Glossy tiavyuav tsum tau sanded nrog ib tug abrasive, txwv tsis pub cov active Cheebtsam yuav tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov saum npoo tau tshem ntawm cov roj stains, efflorescence thiab kab ntawm qhov ua tiav dhau los. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhuav waterproofing tsis zam qhov pores loj thiab tawg. Xws li qhov tsis xws luag yuav tsum tau embroidered thiab kaw nrog primer rau pob zeb, thiab tsuas yog tom qab polymerization, kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem pib. Piv txwv li, weathered masonry pob qij txha yog embroidered mus rau ib tug tob ntawm txog 2 cm thiab puv nrog plaster los yog cement mortar. Kev poob tob hauv masonry yuav tsum tau hloov nrog cov ntu tshiab lossis ua tiav nrog mortar.
Kev noj haus
Cov dej tsis muaj dej yog npaj los ntawm ob yam - ncaj qha qhuav nquag sib xyaw thiab dej. Rau 25 kg (ib txwm ntim ntim), 6-7 liv dej ntshiab yog txaus. Raws li rau kev suav ntawm cov dej tsis sib haum qhuav qhuav raws li kev noj rau ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb, nws nyob ntawm seb hom muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qib ntawm cov av noo hauv chav. Yog li, rau qhov chaw uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov dej noo siab, cov tshuaj ib txwm siv hauv qhov ntim ntawm 2.5-3 kg / m 2 nrog txheej tuab ntawm 2 hli. Yog hais tias ib chav tsev nrog ib tug aqueous nruab nrab nyob rau hauv lub siab tau txais kev pab, ces tus nqi ntws nce mus rau 5-6 kg / m 2 nrog ib tug nteg thickness ntawm 5 hli. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm elastic compounds, lub ntim yog 0.8-1 kg / m 2.
Thov cov insulator
Txiav yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, txhua qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav nrog ceev faj. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los pib ua haujlwm nrog txhuam -nrog ib tug maklovitsa, thiab siv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg nrog ntoo khaub lig txav nrog ib tug txhuam thiab spatula. Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog hardened txheej, tej zaum yuav muaj teeb meem ntawm adhesion txo. Qhov no tshwm sim yog tias qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov txheej txheem yog ntau tshaj 12 teev, tshwj xeeb additives yuav pab kom them nyiaj rau qhov tsis muaj coupling, tab sis nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab ua rau lawv tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm npaj cov tshuaj. Thaum siv cov dej ntub dej qhuav rau fillet welds, cov qauv tiv thaiv yog ntxiv nrog cov ntaub nplaum tsis muaj dej. Qhov no consumable feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm tib manufacturers ntawm insulating cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kab xev nrog cov nplaum nplaum kuj tau muab tso rau hauv lwm qhov chaw muaj teeb meem, tom qab ntawd ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv txhawb nqa. Cov sib tov dries tag nrho tom qab 3-5 hnub.
Cov lus qhia raws txoj kev
Nws yog ntshaw kom siv cov tshuaj ntawm qhov kub ntawm 5-30 ° C. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm yog nqa tawm sab nraum zoov, tom qab tso, kev tiv thaiv sab nraud los ntawm lub hnub, nag thiab cua yuav tsum xav txog. Thaum waterproofing hauv pem teb nrog ib tug qhuav penetrating huab hwm coj, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej lub mechanical tiv thaiv ntawm kho cov qauv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, tom qab kho qhov sib xyaw ua ke, cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb raws li cov polymers thiab cov khoom sib xyaw yog siv. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo yuav yog siv bituminous mastic, tab sis nrog tib cov dej-repellent nyhuv.
Zaj lus
Penetrating rwb thaiv tsev muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig xws li vapor permeability siab thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg rau alkali thiab ntsev, ua rau nws zoo nkauj sab nraum zoov. Tab sis tseem ceebnco ntsoov tias qhov no tsis yog kev tiv thaiv mus tas li. Piv txwv li, ib qho kev sib xyaw qhuav rau cov dej tsis sib haum yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm lub sijhawm ntau xyoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov teeb meem yog tias qhov chaw muaj qhov zoo nkauj tiav uas yuav tsum tau hloov. Kev ntsuas kub yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account. Ntau lub tuam txhab muab kev txwv nruj rau kev siv cov insulators hauv cov xwm txheej khov.
