Transformers ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob, ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv, cais tawm, ntsuas thiab tiv thaiv. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm hom no yog kev tswj hwm ntawm tus kheej tam sim no tsis muaj. Hauv particular, voltage transformers (VT) hloov qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm thawj daim phiaj hluav taws xob mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Kev tsim khoom siv tag nrho
Lub hauv paus ntawm kev hloov pauv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm lub cuab yeej. Qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom siv yuav txawv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub zog thauj khoom hauv Circuit Court. Nyob rau hauv ib tug raug tsim, lub transformer muaj tam sim no input thiab output li, thiab lub ntsiab ua hauj lwm yam ua hauj lwm voltage hloov dua siab tshiab. Ib txheej ntawm insulators, fuses thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv relay yog lub luag haujlwm los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib tug niaj hnub low voltage transformersensors rau sau ib tug neeg tsis ua hauj lwm tsis yog muab, cov indicators, As xa mus rau lub tswj vaj huam sib luag thiab ua lub hauv paus rau cov lus txib rau cov cai tswj. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nws tus kheej xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog li ntawd, hauv qee qhov kev hloov kho, cov hloov pauv tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis muaj zog - cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis cov roj teeb.
Transformer Cores
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm VT yog cov cores (sib nqus cores) thiab windings. Thawj yog ntawm ob hom - pas nrig thiab armor. Rau feem ntau low-frequency transformers mus txog 50 Hz, qws cores yog siv. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus, cov hlau tshwj xeeb yog siv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev txiav txim siab ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv, piv txwv li, qhov ua tau zoo thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov tsis muaj kev thauj khoom tam sim no. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm cov nplooj ntawv nyias ntawm cov hlau, insulated ntawm txheej ntawm cov kua roj vanish thiab oxide. Lub degree ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov eddy tam sim no ntawm lub magnetic Circuit Court yuav nyob ntawm seb qhov zoo ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev no. Kuj tseem muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntaus ntawv cores, uas tsim cov qauv ntawm arbitrary seem, tab sis ze rau cov duab plaub. Qhov kev teeb tsa no tso cai rau koj los tsim universal magnetic circuits, tab sis lawv kuj muaj qhov tsis muaj zog. Yog li, yuav tsum muaj kev nruj nruj ntawm cov hlau yas, vim qhov tsawg tshaj plaws qhov khoob yuav txo qhov ntim ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm coil.
Vim transformer windings
Feem ntau yog siv ob txoj hlua khi - thawj thiab theem nrab. Lawv raug cais ob leeg ntawm ib leeg thiab los ntawm lub hauv paus. Thawj theem ntawm winding yog txawv los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lem ua nrog ib tug nyias hlau. Qhov no tso cai rau nws los ua haujlwm rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab (txog 6000-10,000 V) uas xav tau rau kev hloov pauv yooj yim. Qhov thib ob winding yog tsim los rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv ntsuas, cov khoom siv relay thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Thaum txuas cov winding ntawm voltage transformers, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog cov cim ntawm cov zis terminals. Piv txwv li, lub hwj chim kev taw qhia relays, multimeters, ammeters, wattmeters thiab ntau yam 'meter' txuas nrog lub coils los ntawm qhov pib ntawm thawj winding (tsim A), kab kawg (X), qhov pib ntawm qhov thib ob winding (a) thiab nws. kawg (x). Ib qho ntxiv winding nrog tshwj xeeb prefix nyob rau hauv lub npe kuj siv tau.
Mount fittings thiab grounding chaw
Cov npe ntawm cov khoom ntxiv thiab cov khoom siv ua haujlwm yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb hom thiab yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, cov qauv roj nrog lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tseem ceeb txog li 10 kV lossis ntau dua yog muab cov fittings rau kev sau, ntws tawm thiab ua piv txwv cov txheej txheem lubricants. Rau cov roj, ib lub tank kuj muaj cov nozzles thiab regulators uas tswj cov kua dej du mus rau thaj chaw lub hom phiaj. Cov khoom siv haum haum feem ntau muaj xws li brackets nrog bolts, spigots, relay Cheebtsam, hluav taws xob cardboard gaskets, flange ntsiab, thiab lwm yam. Raws li rau grounding, cestransformers nrog ib tug voltage ntawm thawj winding mus txog 660 V yog muab nrog clamps nrog threaded fastening ntawm bolts, studs thiab screws ntawm loj M6. Yog tias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab dua 660 V, tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv hauv av yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tsawg dua M8.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm TH
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm electromagnetic induction yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas suav nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm transformer phaj, thawj thiab theem nrab windings. Qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej yuav nyob ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm qhov yooj yim xam ntawm lub amplitude thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov tam sim no. Kev sib nrig sib induction ntawm ob peb windings yog lub luag hauj lwm rau transformation nyob rau hauv ib tug electromagnetic teb. Hloov tam sim no nyob rau hauv 220 V voltage transformer yog tas li hloov, dhau los ntawm ib qho winding. Raws li Faraday txoj cai, lub zog hluav taws xob yog induced ib zaug ib ob. Nyob rau hauv lub kaw winding system, lub neej ntawd tam sim no yuav ntws los ntawm lub Circuit Court thiab nyob ze rau cov tub ntxhais hlau. Qhov qis dua qhov load ntawm qhov thib ob winding ntawm lub transformer, qhov ze dua qhov tseeb hloov dua siab tshiab rau tus nqi nominal. Ua hauj lwm nrog kev sib txuas ntawm qhov thib ob winding rau kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm qib ntawm kev hloov pauv, vim qhov kev hloov pauv tsawg tshaj plaws yuav cuam tshuam qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntsuas nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsuas hluav taws xob.
Type of transformers
Hnub no, hom TN hauv qab no feem ntau:
- Cascade transformer - ib qho cuab yeej uas thawj winding tau muab faib ua ob peb ntu txuas ntxiv, thiab sib npaug thiab txuas windings yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev hloov hluav taws xob ntawm lawv.
- Grounded VT - ib theem qauv tsim, nyob rau hauv uas ib kawg ntawm thawj winding yog nruj nreem grounded. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog peb-theem voltage transformers nrog lub hauv paus nruab nrab ntawm thawj winding.
- Unearthed VT - ib lub cuab yeej nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev tag nrho nrog cov khoom sib txuas.
- Ob-winding VT - transformers nrog ib tug thib ob winding.
- Peb-winding VTs yog cov hloov pauv uas, ntxiv rau cov thawj winding, kuj tseem muaj lub ntsiab thiab ntxiv cov windings.
- Capacitive VT - tsim cov yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov muaj cov capacitive separators.
Txoj kev ntawm hluav taws xob VTs
Raws li cov ntsuas ntsuas metrological, hom transformers no txawv me ntsis ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov tsoos conversion channel yog siv. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob yog qhov tsis muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, uas thaum kawg ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua thiab kev lag luam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv high-voltage tes hauj lwm nrog ib tug thawj voltage ntawm ib tug voltage transformer mus txog 660 V, lub converter yog txuas nrog lub hauv paus network nyob rau hauv ib tug galvanic txoj kev. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov ntsuas tam sim no raug xa mus ntawm lub peev xwm siab, zoo li cov ntaub ntawv nrog analog-rau-digital converter nrog rau qhov tso zis tawm. Txawm li cas losqhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv hluav taws xob me me heev uas lawv ua kom muaj peev xwm nruab cov tshuab hloov pauv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov tsheb npav hluav taws xob siab txawm tias tsis txuas ntxiv insulators thiab mounting hardware.
Transformer Specifications
Tus nqi tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm yog qhov muaj peev xwm voltage. Ntawm thawj winding, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 100 kV, tab sis rau feem ntau qhov no siv rau cov chaw lag luam loj loj uas muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv. Raws li txoj cai, tsis pub ntau tshaj 10 kV tau txais kev txhawb nqa ntawm thawj winding. Ib qho hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob rau ib-theem tes hauj lwm nrog lub hauv paus nruab nrab ua haujlwm ntawm 100 V txhua. Ib zaug ntxiv, cov cuab yeej ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg tau txais kev pabcuam ntawm cov circuits no, uas tsis tas yuav muaj lub zog loj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov windings theem nrab qee zaum muaj peev xwm ntau dua 100 V hauv peb-theem tes hauj lwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev ntsuam xyuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub transformer, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb chav kawm - cov no yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 0, 1 txog 3, uas txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hom phiaj hluav taws xob ntsuas.
Ferroresonance effect
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob feem ntau raug rau ntau yam kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo thiab kev puas tsuaj cuam tshuam nrog kev ua txhaum cai hauv rwb thaiv tsev. Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem kev puas tsuaj feem ntau yog ferroresonance cuam tshuam. Nws ua rau cov neeg kho tshuab puas thiab overheating.windings. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov tshwm sim no yog hu ua nonlinearity ntawm inductance, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov lus teb tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau nplaum Circuit Court rau ib puag ncig magnetic teb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob los ntawm cov teebmeem ferroresonant, kev ntsuas sab nraud tuaj yeem ua tau, suav nrog cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab cov resistors rau cov khoom siv hloov pauv. Hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov ua tau ntawm inductive non-linearity kuj tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm cov khoom siv kaw lus kaw.
siv cov cuab yeej
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob hloov hluav taws xob yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov cai rau kev siv hluav taws xob engineering. Nrog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm qhov tseem ceeb, cov kws tshwj xeeb qhia substations rau hauv cov khoom siv infrastructure ntawm lub hom phiaj chaw. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab tso cai rau cov tuam tsev thiab cov chaw lag luam nrog cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob muaj zog, thiab cov hluav taws xob theem nrab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob mus txog 100 V tswj cov load rau cov neeg siv khoom tsawg dua xws li cov meters thiab cov khoom siv metrological. Raws li cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem, HP tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev lag luam, hauv kev tsim kho thiab hauv tsev neeg. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub transformers muab hluav taws xob tswj los ntawm kev kho cov input fais fab kev ntsuam xyuas kom phim cov rated yuav tsum tau ntawm lub site tshwj xeeb.
Zaj lus
Electromagnetic transformers muab qhov qub, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev thov rau niaj hnub nolub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj fais fab hauv hluav taws xob circuits. Qhov kev tsis pom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv no yog txuam nrog ob qho tib si tsim ntawm cov khoom siv thiab nws cov kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tiv thaiv kev siv tam sim no thiab voltage transformers rau kev tswj hwm lub zog tseem ceeb hauv cov lag luam loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias converters ntawm hom no tsis raug kev txhim kho txhua. Txawm hais tias lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab txawm tias kev siv cov txheej txheem tag nrho tseem zoo ib yam, cov kws ua haujlwm tsis ntev los no tau ua haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tswj hwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb, kev ntseeg tau thiab qhov tseeb ntawm cov transformers.
