Siv cov khoom kho kom zoo nkauj façade, koj tuaj yeem ua rau sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev hauv lub tebchaws zoo nkauj dua thiab qub. Cov vaj tsev nrog cov ntsiab lus zoo li cov khoom zoo thiab sawv tawm zoo tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm cov tsev nyob ze. Muaj ntau ntau yam zoo nkauj ntawm facades. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov tsev niaj hnub, tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm lawv tau siv tsuas yog.
Tseem ntawm architectural decorations
Facade hniav ntsiab yog cais raws li ob peb yam. Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog cov qauv ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej, lawv muaj peev xwm ua active los yog passive. Thawj hom hniav nyiaj hniav kub kuj ua tau qee yam haujlwm. Piv txwv li, txhua kab tuaj yeem txhawb nqa qab nthab, cov pob zeb zoo nkauj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm kev ya raws, thiab lwm yam. Passive facade ntsiab rau cov tsev yog kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Lawv tsis ua tej yam ntxiv. Nws tuaj yeem yog, piv txwv li, stucco, bas-reliefs, qauv, sculptures.
Los ntawm qhov chaw, tag nrho cov façade architectural ntsiab tau muab faib ua ntsug thiab kab rov tav. Kuj xws likho kom zoo nkauj tuaj yeem tsim los kho qhov rais lossis qhov rooj lossis phab ntsa ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Yuav ua li cas?
Raws li hom khoom siv rau kev tsim cov khoom façade tau muab faib ua lub teeb thiab hnyav. Active, nqa ib qho load, tuaj yeem ua:
- ua los ntawm ntuj lossis dag pob zeb;
- fiber-reinforced qhob lossis cov pob zeb zoo tib yam;
- bricks, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntaub ntawv kim kim heev feem ntau siv rau kev tsim cov façade passive hniav ntsiab. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm qhov no tshwm sim thaum muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxhov siab.
Qee zaus passive facade ntsiab rau lub tsev tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv pheej yig dua, piv txwv li los ntawm:
- gypsum;
- styrofoam;
- Ypolyurethane ua npuas ncauj;
- siv zog polystyrene ua npuas ncauj.
Tseem nrov tshaj plaws façade decorations
Ntau hom kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv tau siv los ntawm cov txiv neej hauv kev tsim vaj tsev rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nyob rau hauv txhua txhua architectural style muaj tsuas yog ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lawv. Rau cov tswv tsev ntawm thaj chaw suburban uas txiav txim siab los tsim lub tsev, cov npe ntawm cov khoom façade hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej yuav tsis paub. Tom qab tag nrho, kev zam rau ntau yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv, tsis zoo rau lub sijhawm Soviet hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug, tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw ntawm peb lub tebchaws tsis ntev los no.
Meanwhile nco ntsoov cov npe ntawm lub ntsiab façadehniav ntsiab siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kev tsim kho yuav kuj uncomplicated. Niaj hnub no, ntau lossis tsawg tsawg ntawm cov khoom dai zoo li no tseem siv los kho tsev. Nrov ntsug lub tsev facade ntsiab hnub no yog:
- Balusters.
- Kawm.
- Rusty.
- Frames.
- Zoo brackets, consoles, keystones.
Los ntawm kab rov tav kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub facades ntawm lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem pom feem ntau:
- -mouldings thiab cov pob kws;
- sandrikas;
- arches;
- freezes.
Tseem ntau zaus, ntau qhov kev kho kom zoo nkauj yog siv los kho cov tsev niaj hnub no: cov qauv stucco, rosettes, keystones, bas-reliefs, sculptures, flowerpots, forging, etc.
Balusters
Facade kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm hom no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm parapets ntawm terraces lossis balconies, nrog rau cov railings ntawm txoj kev ntaiv txhawb nqa tes. Cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov balusters yog xaiv, ntawm chav kawm, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov style ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej. Txhawm rau kho cov tsev pob zeb, piv txwv li, pob zeb balusters feem ntau siv. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov cav ntoo, cov ntsiab lus, ntawm chav kawm, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntoo.
Kawm
Cov façade zoo li no muaj peb lub ntsiab hauv lawv cov qauv:
- base - qis txhawb nqa;
- ntxhais - main part;
- peev - sab sauv hniav zoo nkauj heev.
Vim feem ntau ntawm kabrooj plaub nyob rau hauv lub tsev qauv nqa ib tug ntxiv load, ruaj cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog siv rau lawv siv. Feem ntau lawv tau cam khwb cia los ntawm pob zeb, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov pob zeb los yog plastered thiab pleev xim rau.
Rusty
Qhov no yog lub npe tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom kho kom zoo nkauj façade, tsim ib zaug los ntawm cov neeg Loos thaum ub. Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm rustication yog ib feem los yog ua tiav cladding ntawm cov pob zeb duab plaub mounted ze rau ib leeg. Ib qho kev xaiv nyuaj dua yog txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom zoo li no nrog alternating protrusions thiab recesses. Cov pob zeb ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv kuj tseem siv tau rau ib nrab cladding.
Niaj hnub no, nrog kev siv cov pob zeb rustic, piv txwv li, cov ces kaum ntawm tsev, qhov rais thiab qhov rooj qhib feem ntau ua tawm. Ob qho tib si dag thiab ntuj pob zeb tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Qee zaum xeb tsuas yog kos rau ntawm plaster.
Kho kom zoo nkauj brackets thiab consoles
Cov ntsiab lus ntxiv rau facades yog qhov me me thiab pab txhawb txhua yam me me "ledges" - cornices, windowsills, visors. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus architectural ntawm no ntau yam nqa ib tug tiag tiag load thiab yog ua los ntawm pob zeb, cib, pob zeb, hlau los yog ntoo.
Tab sis qee zaum kev coj ua ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm qhov rais sills, cornices, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, brackets, consoles thiab lwm yam feem ntau yog ua los ntawm polyurethane.
Pab architraves
Cov khoom no yuav muaj ntau yamtsim, nyob ntawm qhov style ntawm lub tsev nws tus kheej. Platbands yog siv rau sab nrauv tsim ntawm tsev rau framing qhov rais thiab qhov rooj. Xws li cov ntsiab lus facade hauv cov tsev kaw qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab cov thav ntawv tso rau hauv qhov qhib. Platbands tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm:
- pob zeb cuav;
- sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb;
- Ypolyurethane ua npuas ncauj, thiab lwm yam.
Cov qauv tsim lub tsev zoo li no tuaj yeem yog:
- crowning - nyob hauv qab lub ru tsev thiab tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm nag lossis daus;
- interfloor - phab ntsa yog zoned raws hauv pem teb;
- hauv qab daus - pom pom lub hauv paus ntawm phab ntsa.
Tus tsim ntawm cov ntsiab lus, zoo li feem ntau lwm cov ntsiab lus facade, tau kawg, feem ntau coincides nrog cov qauv ntawm cov tsev. Kho kom zoo nkauj cornices feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntoo los yog lub teeb yuag pob zeb.
Mouldings
Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm ntau yam no yog siv ntau zaus thaum kho cov facades. Nws yog molding stucco keeb ntawm qhov ntev ntev nrog rau ib sab. Nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev, xws li decorations yuav pab raws li trims, cornices, skirting boards, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, moldings kuj yog siv los faib cov nto ntawm phab ntsa los yog, piv txwv li, gables rau hauv nyias curly seem, uas yog tom qab pleev xim rau hauv ib tug tej xim los yog tiav nrog tej yam khoom.
Feem ntau, xws li facade tsim cov ntsiab lus yog ua los ntawm plaster. Lawv tuaj yeem ua pob zeb, polyurethane, thiab lwm yam.
Sandrikas yog dab tsi
Cov ntsiab lus facade ntawm cov tsevraug ntsia saum qhov rais, qhov rooj, niches thiab qee zaum ntxiv nrog gables. Ntawm lwm yam, sandriks ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov qauv ntawm lub tsev los nag. Tsis nquag, cov ntsiab lus no feem ntau tuaj yeem ntxiv, piv txwv li, nrog pediments nrog stucco compositions. Feem ntau, cov sandrik tau txais kev txhawb los ntawm cov brackets.
Nws muaj peb yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus facade:
- ncaj - hauv daim ntawv ntawm pob kws;
- radial - voj voog ntu;
- daim duab peb sab - nrog lub pediment ntawm cov duab sib thooj.
Arches
Cov ntsiab lus zoo li no tau teeb tsa rau ntawm facades saum ntau qhov qhib. Hauv kev tsim kho, peb hom arches feem ntau siv:
- Moorish, zoo li tus nees nees;
- semicircular tsis tu ncua;
- lancet (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub dome).
Cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm pob zeb, gypsum, ntoo, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj.
Dab tsi yog friezes
Cov khoom facade décor zoo li no yog cov khoom sib xyaw zoo nkauj hauv daim ntawv kab txaij los yog ncig ib puag ncig qee lub tsev (feem ntau yog kab rov tav). Friezes yuav dai kom zoo nkauj nrog painting, ornament, nyem. Ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm xws li kho kom zoo nkauj yog, piv txwv li, anfimion, uas yog ib tug zoo nkauj strip nrog convex ornaments.
ru tsev kho kom zoo nkauj
Tau kawg, ntau yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv tuaj yeem siv tsis yog rau lub tsev facades xwb, tab sis kuj rau lub ru tsev. Piv txwv li, hniav chimneys, carved ridges, arches feem ntau mounted rau lub ru tsev (piv txwv li, nyob raudormer windows), thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Piv txwv li, chimneys feem ntau yog ua los ntawm hlau, thaum ntoo thiab forging yog siv los kho dormers.
Yuav ua li cas kho kom zoo nkauj tuaj yeem muaj
Qee zaum nws tuaj yeem muab lub tsev zoo nkauj yam tsis siv cov khoom zoo nkauj tiag tiag. Koj tuaj yeem ua rau sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev zoo nkauj tsuas yog los ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv tsim ntawm cov qauv qub. Piv txwv li, cov qhov rais puag ncig ntawm lub gables los yog lub qhov rooj pem hauv ntej, nkhaus txoj kev ntaiv, bay qhov rais, thiab lwm yam yuav saib zoo heev.
Npaj xav xav
Nrog kev pab los ntawm thawj cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm lub façade, koj tuaj yeem ua rau kev tsim ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev amazingly txawv txawv thiab txaus nyiam. Piv txwv li, ib qho zoo nkauj molding ua raws li ob kab thiab ib lub koov saum lawv yuav tsuas yog ib qho kev kho kom zoo nkauj rau qhov rais thiab qhov rooj. Kev ua haujlwm stucco zoo nkauj heev tsis yog ntawm cov cornices, saum lub qhov rais lossis qhov rooj, tab sis kuj ntawm cov cib gables ntawm lub ru tsev.
Txhawm rau muab lub tsev zoo nkauj dua, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm rustication feem ntau yog ntsia ntawm nws cov ces kaum - bassage. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, pob zeb ntawm qhov ntev sib txawv yog siv rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, uas hloov thaum lub sij hawm installation. Sculptures kuj zoo nkauj thiab sib haum xeeb nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm cov tsev. Cov ntsiab lus zoo li no tuaj yeem raug ntsia ntawm ib sab ntawm kab, hauv niches lossis txawm nyob rau saum toj - saum lub cornice.
Muab lub tsev zoo li qub nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj ntawm facades thiab ru tsevtsis nyuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv cov khoom dai zoo li no, tau kawg, ib qho ntawm cov kev cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev tsim lub tsev yuav tsum tau ua. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus mounted ntawm lub facades thiab lub ru tsev yuav tsum sib haum mus rau ib tug style. Piv txwv li, cov classics yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua kab, loj balusters thiab brackets, yooj yim vojvoog arches, raws li zoo raws li rustication ntawm cov ces kaum.
Lub tsev niaj hnub tuaj yeem dai kom zoo nkauj nrog arches ntawm cov duab, intricately curved moldings, teeb kab, floral moldings, thiab lwm yam
