Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam suburban nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, lub tsev ntawm 2-3 pem teb yog heev feem ntau ua. Nyob rau hauv xws li vaj tse, interfloor stairs kuj yuav tsum tau ntsia. Feem ntau, cov qauv no yog ua los ntawm ntoo. Lawv yog mounted siv tsis heev nyuaj technology. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaiv ntoo yog sib sau los ntawm cov ntoo thiab cov laug cam uas siv cov fasteners txhim khu kev qha.
ntau yam tseem ceeb
Ntoo stairs ntsia hauv lub teb chaws tsev, ntawm lwm yam, yuav txawv ntawm kev tsim. Feem ntau hom yog:
- muag;
- screw.
thawj hom ntaiv yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov tswv tsev ntiav. Cov qauv ntawm hom no tej zaum yuav muaj ib lossis ntau qhov kev taug kev sib cais los ntawm interfloor platforms. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaiv ntawm ntau yam no suav nrog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, yooj yim ntawm kev siv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv zoo li no zoo heev thiabua tau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, xws li cov ntaiv yog tsim rau classic interiors, nrog rau tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws style, Provence, thiab lwm yam.
Cov qauv ntsia hlau tau sib sau ua ke ntawm ib qho kev txhawb nqa ntsug. Xws li cov ntaiv yog mounted nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsev uas tsis muaj ib tug loj heev cheeb tsam. Hauv kev ua haujlwm, kauv staircases tsis yooj yim dua li kev taug kev. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv siv qhov chaw me me hauv lub tsev, thiab tseem zoo li qub nyob rau sab hauv. Xws li cov qauv tsim tau suav hais tias tsim nyog rau lub tsev dai kom zoo nkauj niaj hnub, high-tech, minimalism, thiab lwm yam.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tus ntaiv ntoo
Cov tswv ntawm lub teb chaws cov tsev tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntaiv interfloor nrog lawv tus kheej tes. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov qauv tsim yog:
- pab;
- kev txhawb nqa;
- railing with handrails.
Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum sib sau cov ntaiv, cov platforms interfloor tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau qee kis.
Kev txhawb nqa dab tsi
Rau kauv staircases, nrog rau cov ntoo, cov khoom no yog mounted, raws li twb tau hais lawm, vertically. Nws tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ib lub bar, ib tug tuab ncej lossis ib lub cav uas tsis loj heev. Mid-flight stairs, nyob rau hauv lem, tau sib sau ua ke siv ob hom kev txhawb nqa. Beams ntawm cov qauv no tuaj yeem ua haujlwm raws li stringers lossis bowstrings. Hom kev txhawb nqa kawg yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub teb chaws cottages.
Kosoura ntawm cov ntaiv ntoo - cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov laug cam raws litemplate tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov cim yog siv rau lub lumber ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov kauj ruam.
Txoj hlua ntawm cov stairs interfloor kuj yog tsim los ntawm cov laug cam. Hauv qhov no, kev txiav cov kev txhawb nqa lawv tus kheej tsis ua. Cov kab luv luv tau txuas rau cov laug cam raws li cov cim ua dhau los (ntawm cov ces kaum lossis hauv grooves). Nws yog lawv uas yav tom ntej yuav ua haujlwm txhawb nqa rau cov kauj ruam. Hom kev ua-nws-koj tus kheej txhawb nqa ntaiv kab teeb yuav, ntawm chav kawm, yuav yooj yim dua ua stringers.
Yuav ua li cas los ntawm
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaiv, tig, muaj:
- tread;
- risers.
Ob qho no yog ua los ntawm cov laug cam. Treads yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov chaw staircase. Nws yog nyob ntawm lawv tias tib neeg txhais ceg so thaum nqa nce lossis nqis. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm qhov no ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj, nws yuav tsum tau siv lub rooj tsavxwm nrog ib tug tuab ntawm tsawg kawg yog 3 cm.
Risers - cov ntsiab lus hauv kev tsim cov ntaiv ntoo yog xaiv tau. Kev sib sau ua ke tsis siv lawv tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaiv nrog risers tseem zoo dua thiab muaj kev ntseeg siab. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, feem ntau yog siv 2-2.5 cm tuab.
Txuas cov kauj ruam rau stringers lossis bowstrings siv bolts nkaus xwb. Self-tapping screws tsis siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Thaum siv cov fasteners no thaum ua haujlwm, cov kauj ruam ntawm cov ntaiv yuav twv yuav raug tshem tawm. Qee lub sij hawm thaum assembling qhov no ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj, ntxivsiv thiab nplaum.
Interfloor platforms
Hauv cov ntaiv ntoo, cov thav duab ntawm cov khoom no feem ntau yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm ib lub bar nrog ib ntu ntawm 100x100 mm. Interfloor platforms yog sheathed nyob rau hauv feem ntau nrog ib tug board ntawm tib tuab tuab li lub tread.
Railing
Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaiv, tig, muaj:
- balusters lossis crossbars;
- handrail.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaiv ntoo mus rau theem ob lossis thib peb, zoo li cov railings, xyuas kom meej, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg tsiv raws lub peb hlis ntuj. Nws yog ib qho yuav tsum tau mount lawv thaum assembling ib tug lifting qauv ntsia nyob rau hauv cov tsev nyob. Tsuas yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov no yog cov ntaiv hauv tsev. Cov railings tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm kev taug kev ob leeg ntawm ib sab thiab ntawm ob sab. Thawj qhov kev xaiv los ua ke yog siv rau cov ntaiv ntsia ntawm ib sab ntawm phab ntsa thiab yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws.
Balusters lossis crossbars?
Feem ntau, cov khoom nqa ntoo hauv cov tsev hauv lub tebchaws tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib tsoo nrog cov balusters. Qhov no yog lub npe muab rau ntsug ntsiab mounted raws tag nrho ntev ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj ntawm ib tug me me deb ntawm ib leeg. Balusters txuas nrog rau cov kauj ruam ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj siv studs. Nrog rau kev tsim tus kheej, koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom npaj ua tiav rau cov ntoo staircase ntawm hom no. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem yuav ib lub railing nrog curly carved balusters. Tab sis qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws tsim ntawm no ntau yam yuav tsis nyuaj, ntawm chav kawm, ua, nrog rauDIY.
Crossbars nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsev nyob rau hauv feem ntau yog supplemented los ntawm hlau ntaiv. Tab sis qee zaum cov ntsiab lus zoo li no kuj tau siv hauv kev sib dhos ntawm cov ntoo. Tsis zoo li balusters, crossbars yog mounted nyob rau hauv railing parallel mus rau lub peb hlis ntuj thiab lub tes tuav. Lub laj kab ntawm qhov tsim no feem ntau ntxiv sheathed nrog pob tshab yas lossis iav.
Thaum sib dhos ntaiv, tes tuav yog ib txwm ua los ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm lossis ntoo. Cov ntsiab lus zoo li no tau ua tiav los ntawm ob qho tib si hlau railings thiab ntoo. Tom qab tag nrho, kov ib tsob ntoo thaum tsiv mus rau lub peb hlis ntuj yog ntau qab ntxiag tshaj kov hlau. Tau kawg, tsuas yog cov xuab zeb zoo zoo siv rau tes.
stairs ntoo nrog forging ntsiab
Cov qauv zoo li no zoo li ntxim nyiam thiab nplua nuj nyob rau sab hauv tsev. Cov kab teeb thiab cov kauj ruam ntawm hom ntaiv no yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo. Forged lawv feem ntau tsuas muaj railings.
Yuav ua ib tug ntaiv ntawm koj tus kheej, tau kawg, yuav nyuaj heev. Feem ntau, forged railings tseem yuav npaj txhij. Tab sis yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem, ntawm chav kawm, sim ua lub laj kab zoo li ntoo staircase koj tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, tus tswv tsev yuav tau siv nyiaj ntxiv rau qhov no. Hauv cov khw muag khoom kho vajtse niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom, ntawm lwm yam, ib qho cuab yeej tshwj xeeb tsim los rau kev tsim cov khoom forged. Cov cuab yeej no kim heev.
Hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv yog daim duab ntawm ib lub staircase ntoo nrog forged ntsiab. Cov qauv zoo li no zoo li koj tuaj yeem pom, qhov tseeb, zoo nkauj heev.
Cov kauj ruam txhim kho: ncej sib dhos
Tom ntej no, cia peb saib yuav ua li cas sib sau ua ke staircase los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo nrog koj tus kheej tes. Kev tsim cov qauv zoo li no feem ntau pib nrog kev kos. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib txoj kab rau qhov chaw ntawm lub nqaj txhawb nqa yog kos rau ntawm phab ntsa. Nyob rau hauv pem teb, kos tus ntug qis ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj. Cov hlua khi ua ntej sib sau ua ke cov ntaiv raug txiav raws li tus qauv, grooves yog ua hauv cov hlua khi rau cov tuav tuav.
Tom ntej no, mus rau lub rooj sib txoos thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm tus ncej ntawm lub rooj sib txoos lub Peb Hlis. Ua li no, tiv thaiv phab ntsa, nyob rau hauv lub qhov rooj ntawm ob pem teb, kev txhawb nqa posts los ntawm bursa yog ntsia. Tom ntej no, lawv tsoo lub platform ncej nws tus kheej. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, qhov tshwm sim yog txuas mus rau racks thiab rau phab ntsa hauv qab lub qhov rooj. Tom qab ntawd sheathe lub platform nrog ib tug board. Yog tias tsim nyog, ob lub racks ntxiv tuaj yeem ntsia tau ze ntawm phab ntsa.
kawg theem
Cov txheej txheem tom ntej ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov staircase interfloor yog raws li hauv qab no:
- txhawb nqa bowstrings lossis stringers txuas nrog lub siab kawg rau lub platform ncej, thiab qis kawg rau hauv pem teb;
- txhim kho cov kauj ruam;
- railings raug ntsia;
- lub tes yog khoom.
Thaum kawg, lub staircase ntoo yog pleev xim los yog npog nrog cov kua roj vanish pob tshab. Txoj kev tsim qauv tom kawg yog siv thaum cov ntoo kim kim nrog cov kev ntxhib los mos zoo nkauj raug xaiv los sib sau ua ke cov qauv nqa. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaiv ntoo ua los ntawm ntoo thuv lossis,Piv txwv li, pheej yig spruce kuj yuav varnished. Tab sis ntau zaus, cov qauv lifting no tseem pleev xim.
Requirements of SNiP
Yog li, yuav ua li cas sib sau tus ntaiv los ntawm cov khoom ntoo yog nkag siab. Hauv txoj ntsiab cai, kev tsim cov qauv tsim no tsis yooj yim tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho chaw staircase, suav nrog cov neeg sib sau ua ke los ntawm nws tus kheej, tau kawg, yuav tsum ua ntej ntawm txhua yam muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev txav mus los thiab xis nyob. Thaum txhim kho cov qauv no, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, ntawm lwm yam, kom ua raws li cov qauv SNiP.
Thaum sib sau ua ke ib qho chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub staircase, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum tuav lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination. Thaum xaiv qhov ntsuas no, ib tus yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias, raws li cov qauv SNiP, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua 30 thiab ntau dua 45 degrees.
Tsis tas li, thaum sib sau cov ntaiv, cov kev cai hauv qab no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account:
- qhov siab ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj mus rau lub qab nthab vertically ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg tshaj li 2 m;
- lub peb hlis ntuj yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 3 thiab qhov siab tshaj ntawm 18 kauj ruam;
- siab tshaj kauj ruam dav - 25 cm, qhov siab - 22 cm;
- tag nrho cov kauj ruam ntawm tus ntaiv yuav tsum yog qhov loj tib yam;
- railings yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua 90 cm siab.
Yog tias muaj menyuam yaus hauv tsev, cov balusters hauv lub railing yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov siab tsis tshaj 15 cm. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheejbalusters yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv increments tsis ntau tshaj 30 cm ntawm ib leeg.
Txhawm rau ua kom tiav cov kauj ruam ntawm cov ntaiv ntoo, tau kawg, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob, ntawm lwm yam, siv cov ntaub ntawv nplua, piv txwv li, tib lub linoleum. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los tawm hauv cov kauj ruam yooj yim pleev xim los yog npog lub peb hlis ntuj nrog cov ntaub pua plag. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub staircase nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws tsev yuav tsum tau zoo ci. Nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa raws tag nrho lub peb hlis ntuj, nco ntsoov dai sconces los yog teeb. Interfloor platforms, suav nrog hauv tsev ntiav, feem ntau yog nruab rau ntawm qhov rais.
Cov Lus Qhia Pro: Cov Qauv Kev Nyab Xeeb
Cov npe ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaiv ntoo rau cov tswv ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev uas txiav txim siab los ua ke cov qauv zoo sib xws nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes, tau kawg, koj yuav tsum paub tseeb. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim to taub txhua lub tswv yim thiab tsim koj tus kheej qhov project.
Thaum txhim kho cov ntaiv, suav nrog cov ntoo, tau kawg, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account txhua yam lus qhia los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Hauv qhov no, kev sib dhos ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav sai thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov ntoo staircase, cov khoom ntoo, piv txwv li, yuav tsum tau siv kom qhuav zoo xwb. Cov kws tshaj lij craftsmen qhia xaiv cov ntoo thiab lub rooj tsavxwm tsis muaj pob, tuab txaus thiab nrog cov dej noo tsis pub ntau tshaj 12-15%. Thaum tsim cov ntaiv, cov kws tshaj lij kuj pom zoo kom koj coj mus rau hauv tus account cov qauv kev nyab xeeb:
2h + s=600–630 mm, qhov twg h yog qib siab thiab s yog nws qhov dav
Kev taug kev hauv tsev ntaivNws yog tsim nyog, ntawm lwm yam, ua kom nws dav txaus. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav 90-100 cm. Txwv tsis pub, yuav nyuaj rau ob tug neeg nyob hauv tsev kom tawg ntawm tus ntaiv - nqis thiab nce.
Yog tias muaj menyuam yaus hauv tsev, cov kws tshaj lij cov kws tshaj lij kuj tseem qhia txog kev txhim kho lub railing nrog cov tes tuav ntxiv nyob ntawm qhov siab qis dua qhov tseem ceeb.
Ib co lus qhia ntxiv
iav ntsiab ntawm cov ntaiv tau pom zoo kom kho siv cov khoom siv elastic. Qhov no tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lawv lub neej kev pabcuam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov iav ntawm cov ntaiv yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom lawv tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim yog tias tsim nyog.
Hauv cov khw tshwj xeeb hnub no koj tuaj yeem yuav yuav luag txhua yam khoom siv rau cov ntaiv ntoo. Nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev nrog lawv siv, nws yuav muaj peev xwm sib sau ua ke ib tug lifting qauv kom sai li sai tau. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov tswv ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv nroog uas xav txo tus nqi ntawm kev txhim kho cov ntaiv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua lawv nrog lawv tus kheej tes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog qhov zoo dua los sib sau ua ke cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaiv tsis ncaj qha rau hauv chav uas nws yuav raug teeb tsa, tab sis hauv kev cob qhia lossis, piv txwv li, hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv cov plag tsev thiab cov khoom sab hauv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
