Kem siv nyob rau hauv architecture: lawv txhawb nqa kab thiab hauv pem teb slabs, thiab tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim ntawm nkag mus rau tsev. Kem tso cai rau koj los tsim chav nrog thaj chaw zoo nkauj yam tsis muaj kev faib tawm. Qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov qauv monolithic, kev tsim kho uas siv formwork. Yog tias koj npaj yuav ua haujlwm li no koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog hom tseem ceeb, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev teeb tsa formwork.
Ntau hom formwork
Kem formwork tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm daim ntawv thov. Raws li yav tas los feature, non-removable, ib zaug thiab reusable formworks txawv. Raws li cov khoom siv, lawv yog:
- metal;
- Yplastic;
- ntoo;
- pab.
Ntawm qhov zoo ntawm thawj ntau yam yog qhov yooj yim ntawm installation thiab dismantling ntawm cov qauv. Steel formwork muaj geometry meej, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los tsimzoo nto ntawm lub monolith. Yas formwork rau txhua kab feem ntau yog siv rau cov qauv puag ncig. Nws tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov yeeb nkab dej, txoj kab uas hla yuav haum.
Thiab nrog kev pab los ntawm cov laug cam, cov qauv ntoo tau sib sau ua ke - lawv siv cov tuav thiab cov ntawv ntawm cov plywood rau qhov no. Koj tuaj yeem ua ntoo formwork rau kem koj tus kheej, tab sis nws tsuas yog tsim rau cov khoom sib dhos. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sib dhos kom tau ib lub monolith nrog qhov tseeb geometry. Raws li rau cardboard formwork, nws yog pov tseg. Nrog nws cov kev pab, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov kab cylindrical, thiab cov duab los qhia tuab yuav tsum tau siv, uas yog coated nrog tshwj xeeb impregnations.
Formwork device
Formwork rau ib kem yog ua raws li qee txoj cai. Zoo li cov phab ntsa, cov qauv yav tom ntej yuav muaj cov tuab me me, uas yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum piv nrog qhov siab. Qhov no feature yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum xam cov loads. Lub siab nyob rau sab saum toj yuav tsawg dua nyob rau hauv qab. Yuav muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm qhov siab thiab qhov dav, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm formwork. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tawg, yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog ntxiv nrog cov khoom siv.
Formwork yuav tsum ua kom muaj zog kom nws tuaj yeem nqa qhov hnyav ntawm cov pob zeb. Curvature yog tsis tsim nyog, vim hais tias cov kab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tig tawm mus tsis yooj yim. Cov ntsiab lus ntsia rau pouring yuav tsum nruj nreem ntsug. Yog tias txoj cai no tsis tau pom, ces deformation rog yuav tshwm sim,uas yuav rhuav tshem lub architectural element.
Txhim kho nta
Yog tias koj yuav nruab formwork rau kem, ces koj tuaj yeem siv plywood panels lossis ntoo boards rau kev ua haujlwm. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom siv tuaj yeem muab pov tseg. Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav qhov tsim ntawm ib lub xwmfab lossis duab plaub.
Ua ntej, npaj ib daim duab nrog qhov ntev. Boards yog sib sau los ntawm cov laug cam, thiab lawv sab hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov pob zeb yuav tsum tau npaj thiab sanded. Formwork installation muab kho stiffeners rau cov laug cam, uas muaj cov ntoo tuav. Kev sib txuas ntawm ib tus neeg tiv thaiv yog ua los ntawm kev siv tus kheej tapping screws thiab rau tes.
Tom ntej no, koj tuaj yeem pib ua lub tawb ntxiv. Rau qhov no, cov pas nrig txuas nrog cov duab plaub, thiab rau qhov no koj tuaj yeem siv cov hlua khi los yog txoj kev vuam. Cov khoom ntoo raug nthuav tawm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub thav duab, uas yuav tsim ib qho monolithic formwork. Nyob rau hauv qhov qis ntawm cov qauv, lub fastening yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhim khu kev qha, vim hais tias ntawm no lub kem yuav undergo ib tug siab load.
Txhawm rau ua kom cov qauv piav qhia yooj yim dua rau kev rhuav tshem, nws sab hauv yuav tsum tau npog nrog yas qhwv lossis linoleum. Formwork tuaj yeem ntsia tsis tau tsuas yog nrog plywood thiab boards, tab sis kuj nrog extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj lossis polystyrene ua npuas ncauj. Xws li formwork feem ntau yog tsau, nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw muaj ib tug yas yeeb nkab, uas yog poured nrog pob zeb. Ua ntej sau daim ntawv nrog kev daws teeb meem,ua kev txhawb zog thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv los ntawm ntau sab.
Sib dhos ntawm cov duab los qhia
Thaum nws tau npaj los txhim kho ib kab ke, tshwj xeeb daim duab los qhia yog siv. Ntawm nws qhov zoo yuav tsum tau hais txog:
- lub teeb;
- muaj peev xwm muab cov duab nyuaj;
- nqi qis;
- yooj yim ntawm kev teeb tsa;
- zoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo.
Qhov kawg tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij txias. Thaum nws tau npaj rau nruab formwork rau kab kem, thiab tsis muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb cardboard ntawm tes, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov qub. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li qee cov cai:
- Zoo-mesh reinforced steel mesh yuav tsum tau dov thiab nws cov npoo yuav tsum tau xaim ua ke.
- Ib yob yog tsim los ntawm cov duab los qhia thiab muab tso rau hauv lub mesh kom cov khoom tuaj yeem nthuav tawm thiab pw ntawm lub mesh.
- Lub formwork yog teem rau hauv qhov chaw thiab ntxiv dag zog nrog props.
- Kom tau txais daim duab los qhia ntawm qhov loj me, sib tshooj cov khoom nrog cov nplaum nplaum.
Girder formwork
Formwork rau pouring kab kuj tseem beam-transom. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no kuj siv rau kev tsim cov phab ntsa. Thiab lub npe hu ua hom formwork yog muaj rau kev sib dhos ntawm tus kheej - tsis muaj cov tshuab tshwj xeeb thiab khoom siv. Rau kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum xaiv thaj chaw tiaj tus uas nws yuav yooj yim rau kev sib dhosmanipulation.
Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm
- Cov hlais yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lub lawj ntawm qhov kev ncua deb.
- Lub nqaj ntoo yog ntsia tau rau ntawm qhov chaw hla. Fastening yog nqa nrog ties.
- Shields ntawm tuab plywood yog tsau rau cov kab teeb nrog tus kheej-tapping screws.
- Formwork boards los ntawm saum toj thiab hauv qab yog ntxiv nrog cov kab teeb. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob deformation nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov pob zeb loj.
- Shields yog txuas los ntawm couplers, rau qhov twg yuav tsum tau muab nyob rau ntawm ntug. Txhawm rau kom cov kev sib raug zoo kom nyiam cov ntaub thaiv npog hauv cov ces kaum kom ntseeg tau li qhov ua tau, cov kab txaij zoo li yuav xav tau.
Beam-transom formwork boards tuaj yeem rov qab siv tau, nrog rau cov hlau thiab yas. Tsuas yog cardboard formwork yog pov tseg.
Kev teeb tsa thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm hlau formwork
Hlau formwork rau txhua kab yog fastened panels ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau muaj. Cov khoom yog txuas nrog siv mounting brackets. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem tau txais L-shaped blocks, uas tau ua tiav hauv ib qho system. Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ua hauj lwm, lawv yog interconnected los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav clips, uas ua kom lawv ceev detachment thaum stripping.
Formwork rau kab monolithic muab fastening nrog clamps uas perceive lub kab rov tav siab ntawm cov tshuaj thiab tiv thaiv cov shields los ntawm deformation. Kev sib cais ntawm cov clamps yog hinged, uas tso caiceev nrooj nruab thiab tshem tawm lawv. Ua ntej pib lub installation ntawm lub pouring system ntawm lub hauv paus pob zeb, cov cim yog siv nrog cov xim. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los txhim kho txoj hauj lwm ntawm axes hauv ob qho tib si. Tib qhov kev pheej hmoo yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov kawg tav ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm lub thawv qis yog kho nrog cov txwv ua los ntawm cov khoom siv rebar, uas yog welded rau tus ncej thiab qhov hluav taws xob. Kev sib dhos ntawm lub formwork yog ua los ntawm kev siv wedge inserts. Qhov thib ob thiab tom qab tiers yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm ib tug mobile scaffold. Thaum lub formwork tau sib sau ua ke tag nrho, nws yuav tsum tau muab faib ua vertically thiab ruaj ntseg nrog braces. Lub qhov khoob ntawm lub hauv paus thiab cov ntaub thaiv qis yog boarded.
Zaj lus
Nrog formwork, koj tuaj yeem tsim txhua kab ntawm txhua qhov duab thiab qhov siab. Cov qauv no tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Txog rau tam sim no, ob hom kev ua haujlwm tau paub, thawj qhov cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm formwork rau universal txhua. Qhov thib ob thev naus laus zis cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov formwork nrog ib ntu tas.
Yav dhau los, kab tsuas yog siv los ua cov khoom dai, niaj hnub no lawv ua cov khoom txhawb nqa rau ntau lub tsev.
