Ntau tus tswv ntawm lawv lub tsev npau suav ntawm qhov cub tiag. Nws yog qhov zoo heev los zaum ze rau yav tsaus ntuj thaum lub caij ntuj no, saib kev ua si ntawm nplaim taws. Nws yog qhov kim heev los tsim lub qhov cub. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus tswv ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug txiav txim siab tsim nws nrog lawv tus kheej tes.
Txhawm rau tsim lub qhov cub uas yuav ua tau raws li tag nrho cov qauv thiab cov kev xav tau, ua kom zoo nkauj thiab ruaj khov, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj haujlwm no. Yuav ua li cas thiaj tsim tau lub qhov cub yuav tham kom meej tom qab.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Xav txog yuav ua li cas los tsim lub kaum qhov cub lossis lwm yam nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum xub kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev npaj rau txoj haujlwm no. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem yuav tsum tau daws, nyob rau hauv uas lub durability ntawm tus qauv thiab nws daim ntawv thov raug yuav nyob ntawm seb yav tom ntej.
Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum tsim ib lub tsev npaj. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum qhia qhov chaw uas lub qhov cub yuav nyob. Koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab ua ntej seb nws yuav zoo li cas. Muaj ntau hom kev tsim qauv uas tuaj yeem sib haum xeeb haum rau sab hauv uas twb muaj lawm. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau yuav tag nrho cov cuab yeej tsim nyog thiab cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws.
Qhov cubyuav tsum tau pouring lub hauv paus. Cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov los yog lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog tias huab cua kub ntawm 15 txog 25 ºС. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev thiab sab hauv tsev yuav tsum tsis txhob ntub. Yog li ntawd, tsis ua hauj lwm thaum lub caij los nag.
Thaum kawm paub tsim lub qhov cub hauv tsev, koj yuav tsum xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob hauv chav. Cov qauv tsim tuaj yeem ua rau hauv phab ntsa lossis txuas rau nws. Kuj tseem muaj qhov cub dawb. Thaum xaiv ib qho chaw, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account tias yuav tsis muaj cua sov los ntawm nws. Feem ntau nws yuav raug tso tawm rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov roj chamber. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj qhov chaw txaus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus qauv kom cov tswv tsev tuaj yeem zaum ze yog tias lawv xav tau.
Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws yog tsim lub qhov cub rau ntawm phab ntsa sab nraud ntawm qhov nkag. Lawv tsis tsim nws tawm ntawm lub qhov rais (yuav muaj cov ntawv sau). Koj tuaj yeem embed lub tsev nyob rau hauv ib lub ces kaum. Lub qhov cub tsis yog muab tso rau ze ntawm cov kauj ruam thiab hauv txoj kev ntawm cov ntawv sau. Lub chimney raug coj mus rau sab nraud tsuas yog tias huab cua hauv cheeb tsam me me.
Ntau yam
Ua ntej koj kawm yuav ua li cas tsim lub qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum xav txog lawv cov hom uas twb muaj lawm. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv configuration thiab style. Qhov kev xaiv nyob ntawm qhov style ntawm sab hauv thiab nyiam saj ntawm cov tswv ntawm lub tsev.
Lub qhov cub tuaj yeem yog Provencal (rustic). Nws yog ua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws style. Qhov kev tsim no feem ntau ua tiav nrog pob zeb. Xws li lub qhov cub tsim nyog rau cov qauv ntawm Provence, lub teb chaws, ethno.
Cov qauv lus Askiv classic txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm yav dhau los saib. Nws muaj ib tug concisesquare duab. Qhov no yog ib lub tsev loj loj. Txawm li cas los xij, tus qauv tsim tau xaiv elegantly.
Alpine qhov cub yog lub qhov cub. Nws yuav muaj peev xwm zaum ib ncig ntawm nws hauv ib lub tuam txhab loj. Hom kev tsim kho no tsuas yog tsim rau cov chaw tsis nyob hauv tsev. Nws yog qhov zoo rau kev muab.
Lub qhov cub Dutch yog qhov nyuaj heev. Nws yog qhov tsawg heev los muab nws nrog koj tus kheej tes. Yog hais tias chav tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv ib tug niaj hnub style, ces lub qhov cub yuav tsum tsim nyog. Tej zaum nws yuav muaj qhov txawv txav.
Lub qhov cub me me yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. Nws tsuas yog ib lub thawv me me xwb. Koj tuaj yeem kho lub qhov cub hluav taws xob siab. Nws yuav tsum muaj lub ntsej muag niaj hnub. Xws li cov qauv tsim los txiav txim.
Sizes
Yuav kom kawm paub tsim lub qhov cub kom raug, koj yuav tsum ua qhov kev suav kom raug ntawm lub tsev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab thaj tsam thiab ntim ntawm chav tsev uas yuav tsim cov qauv zoo li no. Qhov loj ntawm lub firebox yog yooj yim los xam. Qhov ntim ntawm chav yuav tsum muab faib ua 50. Qhov no yuav yog thaj tsam ntawm lub firebox.
Lub portal yuav tsum muaj qee qhov ntev. Nws qhov siab yuav tsum tshaj nws qhov tob ntawm 2 zaug. Yog hais tias lub firebox tob dua, lub tshav kub hloov ntawm xws li ib tug qauv yuav raug txo. Yog hais tias qhov tob ntawm lub qhov cub yog tsawg tshaj li qhov zoo tshaj plaws tus nqi, xws li ib tug tsim yuav tsis ua hauj lwm. Lub firebox yuav haus luam yeeb.
txhawm rau xam qhov ntev ntawm lub chimney, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab thaj tsam ntawm lub combustion chamber. Thaum ntsuas ntsuas, qhov tshwm sim tau muab faib los ntawm 15. Qhov noyuav tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov chaw hla ntu ntawm lub chimney. Nws yuav tsum yog 10-15 npaug me dua qhov chaw ntawm lub cub tawg chamber. Qhov ntev ntawm qhov chimney tuaj yeem yog 5 m lossis ntau dua.
Xav txog kev tsim lub qhov cub koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov piv txwv ntawm kev suav. Piv txwv li, ib chav tsev muaj thaj tsam ntawm 20 m². Hauv qhov no, qhov pom kev dav ntawm lub portal yog 62 cm, qhov siab yog 49 cm. Qhov tob ntawm lub qhov cub yuav tsum yog 32 cm, thiab cov yeeb nkab seem yuav tsum yog 26 x 26 cm.
Tsuas yog suav nrog txoj cai koj tuaj yeem tsim lub qhov cub uas yuav kav ntau xyoo.
Cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv
Muaj ntau cov lus qhia txog yuav ua li cas los tsim lub kaum qhov cub lossis ib lub qauv ncaj nraim nrog koj txhais tes. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog, tom qab ua tiav cov kev suav tsim nyog, los npaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov cuab yeej siv uas yuav siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Txhawm rau npaj cov mortar, koj yuav xav tau av nplaum thiab cement (qib 200 lossis 300). Koj tseem yuav xav tau xuab zeb. Koj tuaj yeem nqa mus rau tus dej. Xws li cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau sifted thiab calcined. Txhawm rau txo lub sijhawm rau kev npaj ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov khoom no ntawm lub khw muag khoom kho vajtse. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias quarry xuab zeb tsis haum. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pob zeb crushed (ib feem ntawm 6 cm) thiab kev txhawb zog (kwv yees li 15 daim) yog siv los txhim kho lub hauv paus.
Cais, koj yuav tsum tau yuav cov grate, pa taws damper, nrog rau lub chimney. Cov khoom tiav yuav txawv. Nws txoj kev xaiv nyob ntawm qhov style ntawm qhov cub, nrog rau kev tsim ntawm tag nrho sab hauv.
Rau kev tsim kho, koj yuav tsum tau yuav thiab npaj txhua yam tsim nyogcuab yeej. Koj yuav xav tau 2 shovels. Ib tug ntawm lawv yuav tsum yog soviet, thiab lub thib ob - bayonet. Koj yuav tsum tau npaj ib lub hacksaw thiab rauj. Cov tshuaj yuav tau npaj rau hauv ib lub thawv. Los tsim cov masonry, ib qho cub trowel (trowel) yog siv. Koj yuav xav tau ib theem thiab cov kav dej. Hauv kev ua haujlwm, siv daim kab xev ntsuas, xaum, tus pas ntsuas thiab square. Cov seams yuav tiav nrog txhuam bast.
Kev ua cib yog ua nrog kev pab ntawm lub pob tw. Bulgarian yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau cov laj thawj no. Koj tseem yuav xav tau txoj cai thiab kev sib koom ua ke rau cov pob qij txha masonry.
Kev npaj mortar thiab cib
Feem ntau, cov tswv ntawm lub tsev ntiag tug nyiam ua lub qhov cub cib. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim tus kheej. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov tseeb kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj. Av nplaum yuav tsum tau ntub dej rau ob peb hnub.
Tom ntej, sib tov ib feem ntawm dej nrog yim ntu ntawm xuab zeb thiab av nplaum. Hloov cov khoom xyaw kawg, koj tuaj yeem noj plaub feem ntawm cov av nplaum oily. Cement nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum ntsiag to. Nws yuav xav tau 1/8 ntawm cov xuab zeb. Qhov sib tov yuav tsum tuab heev nyob rau hauv sib xws. Nws yooj yim los xyuas. Nyob rau hauv lub trowel koj yuav tsum tau nplawm cov tshuaj. Ces nws yog drained. Ib txheej ntawm mortar 2 hli tuab yuav tsum nyob twj ywm ntawm lub cuab yeej.
Cov tshuaj yog npaj rau yav tsaus ntuj ua ntej pib ua haujlwm. Nws yog npog nrog ntub burlap. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog sib xyaw. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj cov sib tov sib xyaw kom txaus kom nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem koj tsis tas yuav ua cov txheej txheem no dua.
Thaum xam pom yuav ua li cas los tsim lub qhov cub hauv tsev nrog koj tus kheej tes, koj yuav tsum kawm txog kev npaj kom zoo ntawm cib. Lub ntsej muag cov ntaub ntawv rau masonry tsis haum. Lawv tsuas yog siv tau rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj tiav. Txhawm rau tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv, koj yuav tsum tau yuav lub cib hluav taws kub. Nws yog yuav los ntawm daim, coj los ntawm txoj kev npaj yav dhau los.
Feem ntau, 260-300 cib yuav tsum tau ua kom lub qhov cub nruab nrab. Kev suav cais yog nqa tawm rau cov yeeb nkab. Ua ntej pib kev tsim kho, txhua lub cib yuav tsum tau txo qis rau hauv ib lub thoob dej. Ntawm no lawv nyob rau ob peb feeb. Qhov no yuav tso tawm tag nrho cov huab cua los ntawm cov qauv.
Foundation
Cov neeg tsim khoom muaj peev xwm muab ntau cov lus pom zoo yuav ua li cas los tsim lub qhov cub nrog koj tus kheej tes. Koj yuav tsum pib tsim nrog lub hauv paus. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov qauv no thiab lub tsev nws tus kheej yuav tsum tsis txhob sib koom.
Tsim kom muaj lub hauv paus, koj yuav tsum tau kos npe. Cov kab yuav tsum yog 5 cm loj dua qhov ntev ntawm lub qhov cub ntawm txhua sab, yog tias cov flooring twb tau nruab, yuav tsum tau txiav ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv nws. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum khawb ib lub qhov. Yog tias qhov chaw nyob yog qhov chaw nyob, qhov chaw so yuav tsum yog 50 cm. Rau cov tsev tsis nyob (dachas), lub hauv paus qhov tob yuav tsum yog 70 cm. Cov phab ntsa thiab hauv qab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tamped.
Ntxiv mus, ib txheej ntawm xuab zeb yog nchuav. Nws yog leveled thiab straightened. Tom ntej no, rubble yog poured. Tom ntej no, thawj txheej ntawm cov tshuaj yog poured. Gravel ntxiv rau nws. Thaum cov txheej dries, lwm cov tshuaj yog poured rau nws. Hauv qhov no, koj tsis tuaj yeem siv cov pob zeb crushed. Thaum theemlub hauv paus yuav yog theem nrog rau theem ntawm hauv pem teb nyob rau hauv chav tsev, koj yuav tsum tau ua ib tug formwork. Tom qab ntawd txheej txheej kawg yog nchuav. Qhov saum npoo ntawm no yuav tsum zoo kawg nkaus tiaj, kab rov tav. Thaum lub mortar qhuav tag, mus rau theem tom ntej ntawm kev tsim kho.
Pib tso
Muaj ntau cov lus qhia txog kev tsim lub qhov cub. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum xav txog ob peb nuances. Cov neeg tsim kev paub dhau los pom zoo kom nteg tawm txhua kab tom ntej ntawm cib yam tsis muaj mortar. Qhov no yuav pab txiav txim siab qhov chaw nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv cov masonry, tshem tawm qhov yuam kev. Cov cib yuav tsum tau txiav thiab kho.
Masonry yog tsim los ntawm cov ces kaum. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom yog nteg tawm ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus cib raug ntsia. Thaum ua haujlwm, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov masonry raug kuaj xyuas los ntawm ib theem. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov seam yog tag nrho nrog mortar. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav tsum nyias.
Masonry yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus npaj. Ua li no, lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau them nrog ib txheej ntawm waterproofing. Rau qhov no haum ruberoid. Rau lub qhov cub loj, nws raug nquahu kom ceev cov hlua tswj ua ntej pib ua haujlwm. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim los tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov masonry. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Creating masonry
Tom qab cov kauj ruam npaj, koj yuav tsum xav txog yuav ua li cas los tsim lub qhov cub hauv lub tebchaws nrog koj tus kheej tes. Thawj kab ntawm lub nra yog lub hauv paus uas cov kab tseem ceeb yuav raug tsim. Yog li ntawd, nws cov creation yuav tsum tau mus cuag lub luag hauj lwm raws li ua tau. Nws raug nquahu kom rubvertical plumb kab ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub qhov cub. Qhov no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim los tswj txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov cib.
Cov seam nruab nrab ntawm cov cib yuav tsum tsis txhob tuab dua 5 hli. Thaum tsim thawj kab ntawm masonry, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws cov kab rov tav thiab ntsug. Rau qhov no, qib tsev yog siv. Lub kaum sab xis raug kuaj nrog lub goniometer tshwj xeeb. Lawv yuav tsum nruj me ntsis 90º. Txwv tsis pub, tus qauv tsim yuav tsis ruaj khov.
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov cub yuav tsum nce siab tshaj theem ntawm lub ntsiab hauv pem teb ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 25 cm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum muaj tib lub thickness ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke thaum tso. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob poob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cib. Nws yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav tam sim ntawd. Cov tshuaj qhuav qhuav yuav nyuaj heev los tshem tawm.
kab tom ntej
Koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia txog kev tsim lub qhov cub hauv lub tebchaws. Txhua kab yog nteg tawm raws li cov txheej txheem tsim. Thawj ob kab yog tag nrho cov cib. Lawv muab tso rau ntawm lub mortar, tapping nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb roj hmab mallet. Tom ntej no, siv qib, txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov kab yog txiav txim siab.
Thaum thawj 2 kab raug tsim, koj yuav tsum pib tsim lub hauv paus rau cov roj chamber. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum muab fireclay cib rau ntawm ntug. Lub cib zoo tib yam yuav tsis khi nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws kub.
Lub grate yuav tsum tau muab ntsia. Lub cib yuav tsum tau 4-5 cm deb ntawm nws, qhov no yuav cia cov hlau nthuav thaum rhuab. Nrog rau kab plaub, lub firebox pib tsim. Ntawm no pib lub installation ntawm lub qhov rooj firebox. Nws kuj tsim qhov sib txawv rau hlau expansion.
Lub tshuab tshuab tau nruab rau hauv kab 5. Thiab nyob rau hauv kab 8 koj yuav xav tautxoj kab nqes ntawm phab ntsa tom qab ntawm 30º. Nyob rau 10-14th kab, kev tsim ntawm lub koov pib. Nws yog nteg tawm symmetrically, pib los ntawm cov ces kaum. Nws raug kaw hauv nruab nrab.
Lub chimney yog tsim rau kab 19. Nyob rau hauv nws kab 22nd, koj yuav tsum tau nruab ib lub valve. Lub kaus hlau yog ntsia rau saum lub chimney los tiv thaiv los nag thiab huab cua vane los txhim kho cov cua ntsawj ntshab.
Tiav
Xaus kev xav txog kev siv tshuab, yuav ua li cas los tsim lub qhov cub, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov zoo nkauj tiav. Qhov no yog ib theem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov qauv. Lub qhov cub nyob rau hauv ib tug classic style yuav tsum decorated nrog txhua. Koj tuaj yeem tsim marble tiav.
Qee zaum, qhov cub ua tiav nrog cov vuas, cov vuas luaj ceramic. Ntuj ntoo kuj tuaj yeem siv los kho cov qauv. Cov khoom siv no tau muab cov kev xav tau ntau ntxiv hauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Yog li ntawd, ntoo yog ua tib zoo kho nrog tshwj xeeb impregnations.
Tiav pob zeb yuav ua rau lub qhov cub loj. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho kev tsim qauv hauv kev tsim ntawm qee qhov kev tsim sab hauv. Brickwork tseem tuaj yeem hais txog. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov seams yog kho nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb kho kom zoo nkauj tov. Yog xav tau, qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov cub tuaj yeem plastered.
Tau txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas los tsim lub qhov cub, txhua tus yuav muaj peev xwm tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no ntawm lawv tus kheej. Tus tsim yuav muaj zog, txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov.
