Los ntawm kab lus no koj yuav kawm paub yuav ua li cas los tsim lub thav duab da dej nrog koj tus kheej tes, nrog rau kawm paub yuav ua li cas insulate thiab insulate nws los ntawm noo noo. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, koj yuav tau txais ib chav chav chav thav duab, uas yog tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov cib los yog cov log counterparts. Mastering cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tsev thav duab da dej nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes yog yooj yim dua li lub tsev ntoo los yog cib sawv daws yuav, vim hais tias tsis yog kos duab, los yog ib tug peev lub hauv paus, los yog cov khoom kim heev yog xav tau.
Txhua txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav kom yooj yim tias txawm tias tus tub ntxhais kawm theem siab tuaj yeem tswj hwm txhua qhov kev teeb tsa. Lub ntsiab yog kom paub yuav ua li cas thiab yuav ua li cas. Ncej da dej muaj qhov zoo dua, vim lawv lub teeb heev, tsis ntsws, tab sis lawv kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm los nag thiab daus, noo noo tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv thiab sib sau ua ke hauv cov ncej. Nws raug pom zoo los daws qhov teeb meem no nyob rau theem kev tsim kho.
Tsim
Siv cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev me me, tab sis koj tuaj yeem ua ob-zaj dab neeg - txhua yam nyob ntawm koj qhov kev xav thiab peev nyiaj txiag. Ua kom me mencej da dej, nws yog txaus los ua ib tug columnar los yog sawb foundation. Koj tseem yuav xav tau ob peb lub bar nrog ib seem ntawm 20 x 20 cm.
Yog tias koj npaj yuav ua kom tsawg kawg 3 chav, ces lub hauv paus yooj yim ua los ntawm cov ntoo tsis zoo li yuav pab tau - koj yuav tsum ua kom muaj peev txheej ntau dua. Yog tias muaj kev xav txuag ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev, chav hnav khaub ncaws tuaj yeem ntsia tau sib cais, qhov twg yuav muaj qhov chaw txaus rau hauv chav ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab chav ua noj. Ua tib zoo xav txog ntau yam kev xaiv rau cov phiaj xwm da dej los xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus kheej.
Yog tias koj ua lub hauv paus zoo, koj tuaj yeem tsim ib chav da dej ob-zaj, tab sis qhov no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb yog xaiv cov khoom zoo xwb. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg ib tug drawback ntawm thav duab vaj tse - lawv yog yus muaj los ntawm tsis tshua muaj hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg. Qhov hluav taws kub npog lub tsev sai heev, yog li cov cua sov thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo ntsia.
ntoo ntoo
Yog tias lub tsev npaj yuav ua me me (qhov siab tshaj 3 x 4 m), thiab lub ru tsev yuav tsum tau them nrog cov khoom siv teeb, koj tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus yooj yim los ntawm ib lub bar. Nws yog fastened nrog hmuv ntawm ob sab. Lub hauv paus no ua tau zoo ntawm cov av nplaum-hom av, txawb heev thiab tsis saturated nrog noo noo.
Pillar Foundation
Hom lub hauv paus no yog qhov zoo rau kev tsim hauv thaj chaw uas cov dej hauv av siab dhau. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm heterogeneous av. SaibDiam duab ntawm thav duab da dej ntsia ntawm lub hauv paus yooj yim ntawm hom no. Txhawm rau ua kom nws, koj tsis tas yuav ntiav tus kws tshaj lij - txhua txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej. Ntawm cov cuab yeej koj yuav xav tau ib lub laum, shovels, pickaxe, thiab lwm yam. Nco ntsoov khaws cov yas lossis asbestos kav, xuab zeb, cement, gravel.
Kev ua haujlwm hauv ntau theem:
- Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, koj yuav tsum tau theem cheeb tsam.
- Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum qhia qhov chaw ntawm tus ncej.
- Tom ntej, nruab cov kav dej thiab kho lawv kab rov tav.
- Muab ib txheej xuab zeb mus txog 30 cm hauv qab.
- Nruab qhov cuab lub zog hauv cov yeeb nkab.
- Muab cov cement mortar rau hauv cov yeeb nkab thiab tawm kom tawv.
- Tshaj qhov grillage - rau qhov no, khi cov ntoo ntawm cov ncej.
Yog tias koj npaj txuag ntawm kev tsim kho, ces siv qhov tsim tshwj xeeb no. Tab sis cia saib ob peb txoj kev xaiv ntxiv.
Block foundation
Tus qauv tsim no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws siv hauv kev tsim kho lub teeb da dej. Xws li lub hauv paus muaj zog txaus thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav, tab sis nws txoj kev tsim kho tsuas yog tso cai rau cov av nrog qhov tob tob txog li 1 m.
Pile-screw foundation
Ntau tus qauv tsim no yog siv hauv kev tsim kho. Yog tias koj txiav txim siab los tsim cov qauv loj, ces lub hauv paus zoo li no yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. NwsZoo tagnrho rau cov cheeb tsam uas qhov tob ntawm qhov khov ntawm cov av loj heev.
Plaub tus neeg txaus rau kev tsim kho. Tag nrho cov hauj lwm yog ua raws li txoj kev npaj rau kev tsim ib tug ncej da dej. Screw pawg lus qhia:
- Kaws qhov chaw ntawm pawg.
- Xiav qhov rau qhov tob uas xav tau. Nws yuav tsum tau suav ua ntej, suav nrog cov khoom ntawm cov av.
- Nruab pawg - ntsia hlau rau hauv zoo li cov ntsia hlau.
- Sib dhos thiab khi hlua khi.
Lub tsev tuaj yeem pib ntawm lub hauv paus no. Tab sis yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim lub hauv paus zoo li no, tshawb xyuas cov qauv hauv qab no, ua pov thawj ntau xyoo.
Strip base
hom lub hauv paus no tsuas yog siv rau ntawm cov av txhim khu kev qha. Wb tham txog yuav ua li cas rau nws tus kheej tsim ib lub hauv paus sawb rau ib tug ncej da dej. Cov lus qhia ib kauj ruam yog qhia hauv qab no:
- Thaum thawj theem, kos qhov chaw xaiv - nruab cov ceg txheem ntseeg, rub cov twine ntawm lawv.
- Dig a trench. Nws qhov tob yuav tsum yog li 50 cm, dav - 30-40 cm.
- Sau lub trench ib nrab nrog xuab zeb, ib nrab nrog gravel, ces ua tib zoo ntim cov txheej no. Dej kom zoo shrinkage.
- Nruab formwork, nws qhov siab yuav tsum yog li 50 cm thiab dav - 30 cm.
- Rau lub zog ntau dua, txhim kho kev txhawb nqa hauv lub formwork - ib hom tawb ua los ntawm cov hlau tuav. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov kav dej.
- Pob qhob. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los ua qhov no hauv ib qho mus kom tau ib qho qauv monolithic.
Nws raug pom zoo kom siv lub hauv paus prefabricated sawb yog tias tsim lub da dej loj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nruab waterproofing nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lub hauv paus. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv vov tsev yooj yim uas yuav tiv thaiv phab ntsa los ntawm kev ya raws.
Txhim thiab rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov plag tsev
Yuav kom ua ib lub hauv pem teb hauv chav da dej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ntsia hlau tuav nrog ib ntu ntawm 5 x 5 cm mus rau qhov qis hauv chav tsev thiab chav so, nrog rau kev hnav khaub ncaws. Tom qab ntawd lub npe hu ua subfloor yog pw - ru tsev muaj kev xav, ntxhia ntaub plaub los yog Styrofoam.
Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov boards rau pem teb zaum kawg tau muab tso. Nws raug nquahu kom nteg parchment hauv qab lawv kom ua kom muaj qhov zoo ntawm vapor barrier.
hauv pem teb haum li cas?
Cia peb rov qab ua li cas-nws-koj tus kheej da dej ua li cas. Cov lus qhia ua ntu zus rau kev ua cov plag tsev hauv chav ntxhua khaub ncaws zoo li no:
- Yuav kom hauv pem teb sov thiab qhuav kom sai li sai tau txawm nyob rau lub caij txias, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua lub hauv paus nyob ib puag ncig, uas yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm lub ntsiab.
- Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ib nrab ib 'meter' av thiab ncuav xuab zeb thiab gravel rau hauv qhov tshwm sim. Lub thickness ntawm txheej yuav tsum yog kwv yees li 10 cm.
- Cov cav rau hom kev tsim kho no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov kav dej asbestos-cement nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 100 hli. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tso rauncaj qha rau ntawm lub hauv paus thiab ncuav pob zeb. Txoj kev daws teeb meem yuav zam kev hloov pauv ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
- Tam sim no koj yuav tsum tau nteg lub npoo npoo puag ncig hauv lub dab dej. Nws thickness yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 5 cm. Nws yog nteg on top ntawm cov kav dej, qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog 7 hli. Nco ntsoov siv cov ntaub qhwv roj hmab, uas yuav tsum tau ntsia hlau.
- Thaum kawg, hauv pem teb yog nias nruj nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog.
Cov lus qhia yooj yim no yuav pab koj pw hauv pem teb koj tus kheej thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ya raws, vim tias koj yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias muaj dej tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab mob fungal, pwm thiab lwm yam kab mob tsis zoo.
How to build walls
Tom qab lub hauv paus npaj txhij, koj tuaj yeem pib tsim phab ntsa. Tsis muaj teeb meem hauv qhov no, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia. Ua ntej pib tsim kho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias tag nrho cov ntoo zoo qhuav. Nws raug tso cai siv txhua hom ntoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm birch nkaus xwb, vim nws rots sai sai. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los tsim los ntawm linden, aspen, larch, vim tias lawv muaj qis qis ntawm thermal conductivity thiab lub tsev yuav khaws nws cov duab ntev dua.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua cov hauv ob sab hauv nrog aspen, thiab sab nrauv nrog larch lossis ntoo thuv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj hauv ob sab phlu, nws yog tsim nyog los ua kua roj vanish tom qab kawg installation, thiab tsawg kawg yog ob txheej yuav tsum tau siv. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov kua roj vanish emits teeb meem tshuaj thaum rhuab, yog li nws yog nyob rau hauv chav tsev thiab ntxuav. Nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob siv nws, hauv cov chav zoo li no muaj kev nyab xeeb impregnation.
Sab nrauv ntawm phab ntsa yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob.
pab ntsa rau ntawm lub hauv paus
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias koj ua cov hlua khi los ntawm cov ntoo zoo - cov khoom siv uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau tshaj 100 x 100 hli yog qhov tsim nyog. Nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum, cov kab teeb yuav tsum tau txuas thiab fastened nrog rau tes. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob txav mus rau qhov qis ntawm cov hlua khi thiab cov racks ntawm cov ces kaum, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog rau mount steel pins - lawv yuav tsum tau muab phab ntsa hauv pob zeb kom lawv protrude txog 2 cm. sab sauv ntawm txoj hlua.
Yuav ua kom lub thav duab muaj zog txaus, braces raug ntsia rau hauv cov ces kaum. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phab ntsa, nruab nrab racks los ntawm ib tug bar (tus ntoo khaub lig seem yog tib yam - 100 x 100 mm), tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem pib txhim kho lub log hauv pem teb. Rau lub hom phiaj no, koj tuaj yeem siv ob lub rooj tsavxwm nrog ib ntu ntawm 150 x 50 mm. Nws yog nteg ncaj qha rau ntawm txheej waterproofing ntawm lub hauv paus.
Rafter system
Rafters thiab cov kab teeb hauv pem teb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov laug cam nrog ib feem ntawm 150 x 50 mm. Tag nrho cov boards yuav tsum tau ntsia rau ntawm ntug thiab fastened ua ke. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov rafters uas nyob ib sab. Beams yog tsim sab nraum lub tsev los ntawm 40-50 cm, lub crate yog ua los ntawm boards 25 hli tuab. Nws yog nteg pib ntawm lub ru tsev ridge (yog siv gable system).
Yog tias qhov loj ntawm lub ru tsev tsis loj heev, koj tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke rau hauv av, thiab tom qab ntawd nqa nws. Raws li vov tsevcov khoom siv, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov vuas mos - nws yog lub teeb thiab yuav tsis tsim cov khoom loj ntawm cov phab ntsa thiab lub hauv paus. Thov nco ntsoov tias thaum tsis muaj lub qab nthab, lub ru tsev rwb thaiv tsev yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.
Vapor barrier thiab rwb thaiv tsev
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib ua haujlwm hauv chav da dej. Nws tsim yog xws li tias ib qho me me ntawm cov dej noo tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tsis zoo, vim li no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tsim cov vapor barrier zoo. Hauv qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, qhov no yog kev teeb tsa ntawm polyethylene zaj duab xis hauv qab lub casing los ntawm sab hauv. Chav tsev chav tsev yuav tsum tau sheathed tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tib zoo, yog li nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li glassine, aluminium ntawv ci, thiab lwm yam. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv bitumen-raws li mastic thiab ru tsev xav - thaum rhuab, lawv yuav pib yaj thiab tso pa phem..
Tab sis cia peb rov qab los ua tus ncej da dej nrog koj txhais tes. Peb nyob rau theem ua kom sov. Cov kauj ruam no yuav tsum tau ua, thiab tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo yuav tsum tau siv. Yuav lawv los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom ntseeg siab thiab tsis txhob ntseeg cov khoom pheej yig uas tsis txaus ntseeg - nws yog qhov ua tau tias lawv yog fakes.
Ursoy yob cov khoom qhia nws tus kheej zoo heev. Nws yog nteg nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub ntsug ncej, uas cov slats yog tam sim ntawd nailed. Nrog rau kev txhim kho kom zoo, koj yuav tsum tau txais phab ntsa uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- Cov khoom siv sab nraud.
- YPergamin.
- Roll rwb thaiv tsev.
- YPlastic film.
- sab hauv sab hauv.
Ib yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov- yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm li 5 hli hauv cov phab ntsa. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tsis xaus nrog kev tsim kho ntawm tus ncej da dej. Kev tshuaj xyuas txog qhov cub thiab cov ntaub ntawv tiav yuav tsum tau kawm ua ntej thiab xaiv cov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws. Tsuas yog qhov no koj thiaj li tsim tau lub da dej ntawm koj txoj kev npau suav.
