Txhua lub tsev nyob, tau kawg, yuav tsum muaj zog, ruaj khov thiab siv tau yooj yim. Lub tsev, ob qho tib si ntiag tug thiab ntau-storey, tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Feem ntau, cib yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov qauv zoo li no. Cov vaj tse tsim los siv cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv yuav luag txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev cib yog dab tsi thiab nws puas tsim nyog yuav ib chav tsev nyob hauv lub tsev siab siab lossis tsim lub tsev zoo li no rau thaj tsam suburban?
yog ib lub cib
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm xws li pob zeb. Lub ntsej muag, kho kom zoo nkauj, fireclay, silicate cib, thiab lwm yam yog nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse, standard liab ceramic cib feem ntau yog siv. Cov khoom no, nyob rau hauv lem, tuaj yeem ua tau khov thiab hollow.
thawj hom ceramic cib yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom hnyav hnyav. RauPiv txwv li, lub hauv paus thiab plinths tuaj yeem nteg tawm ntawm nws. Rau kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa thiab partitions, feem ntau, hollow bricks yog siv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom no, nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog cov khoom, yog qhov hnyav dua thiab qib ntawm thermal conductivity. Cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov cib no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tsawg rau lub hauv paus thiab khaws cov cua sov hauv tsev zoo dua.
Ua cov cib liab los ntawm cov khoom siv ib puag ncig - av nplaum. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ib lub pob zeb, ntau yam khoom xyaw yog ntxiv rau qhov sib tov, uas ua rau kom lub zog ntawm cov pob zeb tiav thiab nws cov dej tsis kam. Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm kev tsim khoom, liab ceramic cib, thiab lwm yam, raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Lub tsev twg tuaj yeem txhim kho
Cib yog siv dav hauv kev tsim kho ntiag tug thiab kev lag luam. Yuav ua tau los ntawm cov khoom siv no:
- tsev qis thiab tsev;
- nroog ntauwd blocks;
- baths and garages;
- khw muag khoom thiab warehouses;
- kev tsim kho.
Scope, yog li, lub cib yog dav heev. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov khoom siv no, vim nws muaj tus nqi siab, yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov tsev tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, cib yog siv rau kev tsim vaj tsev nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, chav da dej thiab chaw nres tsheb feem ntau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no. Cov khw muag khoom thiab warehouses feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov thav duab nrog hlau lossis ntoo sheathing. Tib yam siv tau rau txhua yam hauv tsev, nrog rau cov khoom ntiag tug.
Basickev pab cuam
Yog li qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev cib yog dab tsi? Cia peb pib peb tshuaj xyuas cov tsev ntawm hom no nrog lawv qhov zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsev ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no yog, ntawm chav kawm, lub neej ua haujlwm ntev. Cib yog ib lub pob zeb resistant ob qho tib si rau ntau yam kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub cev thiab txhua yam kev ntxhov siab, nrog rau cov huab cua tsis zoo. Txij li thaum cov khoom siv hauv tsev no raug rho tawm haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, nws, ntawm lwm yam, kuj tsis ntshai ntawm ya raws. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cib yog, ntawm lwm yam, uas tom qab tau ntub nws dries sai heev, tsis poob nws cov kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv.
Lub ntiaj teb tau khaws cov tsev tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb av nplaum, ua ntau pua xyoo dhau los. Lub tsev cib nteg nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm kuj muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm tsawg kawg yog 100 xyoo.
Ntxiv rau qhov ua tau ntev, qhov zoo ntawm cov tsev ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no suav nrog:
- ecological huv;
- zoo suab rwb thaiv tsev;
- zoo nkauj zoo nkauj.
Cib tsev thiab ecology
Lub tsev cib, zoo li lwm yam, muaj lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, tau kawg. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus ntshai rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov xws li lub tsev pob zeb, raws li twb tau hais lawm. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, cib yog thib ob tsuas yog ntoo. Thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, ntoo, cav thiab boards, ua ntej kev tsim kho vaj tse, feem ntau yog kho nrog ntau yam tshuaj rau.nce hluav taws kub thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. Tib hom kev ua cov cib ua ntej yuav siv rau kev tsim kho yog firing hauv kilns.
Hais txog lub peev xwm "ua pa" hom pob zeb no me ntsis qis dua rau tib tsob ntoo thiab cov pob zeb ua npuas. Tsis tas li, raws li kev tshawb fawb, cov phab ntsa cib, tsis zoo li ntau cov ntaub ntawv niaj hnub, tsis txhob emit radon thaum ua haujlwm.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev cib hais txog kev nyob nyab xeeb
Raws li kev nplij siab, cov tsev cib kuj tsim nyog tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo los ntawm lawv cov tswv. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tsev loj hauv nroog. Xws li cov tsev, raws li koj paub, yog tsim tsuas yog siv cov cib tiag tiag los yog cov pob zeb zoo tib yam. Ntoo thiab pob zeb ua npuas ncauj yeej tsis siv los ua tsev li.
Qhov zoo ntawm cib tsev siab nyob hauv thawj qhov chaw, lawv cov neeg nyob hauv suav nrog qhov zoo ntawm lub suab rwb thaiv tsev. Nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag tsev, raws li koj paub, audibility siab heev. Thiab cov neeg zej zog nrov nrov hauv cov tsev ntawm ntau yam no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tiag tiag. Lub tsev cib tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo no kiag li.
Qhov zoo ntawm thermal conductivity ntawm phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov khoom siv zoo li no, tau kawg, kuj nce qib kev nplij siab hauv kev nyob hauv cov tsev ntawm hom no. Hauv qhov no, cov tsev cib kuj tsim nyog tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo dua li vaj huam sib luag tsev. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov tsev zoo li no kuj txias, thiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj no lawv ib txwm sov. Tsis muaj downsides rau cib tsev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev nplij siab nyob.
Zoo
Raws li qib kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb ib puag ncig, yog li ntawd, cov tsev cib tsuas yog thib ob rau cov ntoo - cobbled lossis cav. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm sab nrauv attractiveness, xws li cov tsev yog heev piv nrog log tsev. Cov tsev zoo li no zoo heev thiab ruaj khov.
Puas muaj qhov tsis zoo
Raws li cov tswv cuab, qhov tseeb, muaj ntau qhov pluses hauv cov tsev cib tsev. Thiab muaj kev xyaum tsis muaj minuses hauv cov tsev zoo li no. Tib yam siv rau cov tsev nyob qis qis ntawm hom no. Tsuas yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv no yog:
- nyuaj hauv erection;
- tus nqi siab.
Kev tsim vaj huam sib luag cov tsev siab, piv txwv li, pheej yig dua li cib. Hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug, cov khoom siv kim dua li cov pob zeb ceramic yog kab tias tsuas yog puag ncig cov cav, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd hauv thaj tsam hav zoov tsis tshua muaj. Kev tsim kho vaj huam sib luag vaj huam sib luag, nrog rau cov tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua npuas ncauj, yog pheej yig dua li cib.
Qhov tseeb, kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm hom no yog lub cev hnyav heev. Tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog tsim nyog los sib sau ua ke cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev hais tias "pob zeb los ntawm pob zeb". Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm laboriousness ntawm kev tsim kho, cib tsev yog inferior rau ob qho tib si thaiv thiab tws, los yog ntau tshaj li thav duab.
Differing nyob rau hauv complexity, ntawm chav kawm, yog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev txhim kho cov phab ntsa. Nws tsis zoo li tias tus pib yuav tuaj yeem tsim lub tsev cib ntawm nws tus kheej, piv txwv li. Tus tswv mason yuav tsum paub tsis yog li casYuav ua li cas nteg ib lub cib kom raug, tab sis kuj hais txog yuav ua li cas prick nws, dlhos cov kab, kneading lub mortar, ua kev sib koom, thiab lwm yam.
Cib da dej: qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo
Feem ntau, cov tsev nyob yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb ceramic, tau kawg. Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum da dej kuj ua los ntawm cib. Lawv ua qhov no feem ntau thaum lawv tsis xav ua txhaum txoj kev tsim qauv ntawm ib cheeb tsam suburban. Qhov ntawd yog, da dej ua los ntawm cov khoom qub feem ntau ua ib sab ntawm lub tsev cib.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov chaw zoo li no, txiav txim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lawv cov tswv, tuaj yeem suav tau:
- durability;
- zoo li tus.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov av cib, ntxiv rau cov nqi siab thiab kev tsim kho, yog qhov xav tau ntawm kev npaj:
- qhov cua;
- vapor barrier.
Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm sab hauv, cov da dej no yuav tsum tau muab qhwv nrog clapboard lossis thaiv tsev.
Yuav ua li cas tsev
Yog li, peb pom dab tsi yog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub tsev cib. Tab sis li cas cov qauv tsim? Kev tsim kho vaj tse nyob ntawm no ntau yam yog tiag tiag kim heev. Tus nqi ntawm ceramic cib nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam yog siab heev (txog 10 rubles ib daim). Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov vaj tse no yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov hauv paus ruaj khov, kim kim.
Nyob rau hauv feem coob, cov tsev cib tau ua rau ntawm lub hauv paus sawb. Qee lub sij hawm kim slab foundations yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li cov qauv. Pheej yig columnar foundations tsuas yog nchuav rau hauv me mebrick tsev, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv glazed los yog qhib gazebos los yog verandas nrog parapets. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, columnar foundations yuav tsum supplemented nrog grillages, uas ho nce nqi ntawm pouring lawv.
Phab ntsa thiab cov khoom faib ntawm cov tsev yog ua los ntawm cib nrog cov ntaub qhwv ntawm cov seams. Thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho ntawm ntau-storey vaj tse, cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm cib feem ntau yog tsim heev tuab - nyob rau hauv ob peb kab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhawm rau txo tus nqi kawg ntawm lub tsev thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho, piv txwv li, lub npe hu ua zoo masonry tuaj yeem siv nrog sau ib feem ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov kab nrog slag lossis lub teeb yuag.
Hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntiag tug, feem ntau, cov phab ntsa sab nrauv yog ua raws li "cib" txoj kev. Ntawd yog, lawv cov tuab feem ntau tsis pub tshaj 25 cm. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov tsev zoo li no tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev nthuav dav polystyrene lossis ntxhia wool.
Qee zaum hauv nroog xws li txheej txheem kev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cib tsib-zaj dab neeg kuj tau ua. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm no paub zoo heev rau cov neeg nyob hauv cov tsev no. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub tsev yog xis nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij ntuj no. Tab sis kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm nws cov facades tseem txwv. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog incomparable nrog lub cib nws tus kheej. Kev kho vaj tse tsib-storey insulated yog ib qho lag luam kim.
Kev faib tawm, ob qho tib si hauv ntau lub tsev thiab hauv tsev ntiag tug, tau tsim nyob rau hauv feem ntau siv txoj kev "ib nrab-cib". Ntawd yog, lawv cov tuab yog 12 cm. Qhov no feem ntau yog txaus los muab cov suab nrov zoo hauvnyob quarters.
Hauv nroog, ntawm lwm yam, lub tsev monolith-civ tuaj yeem ua tau. Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov tsev ntawm hom no yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov tsim los ntawm ib qho cib xwb. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub thav duab ntawm lub tsev yog poured rau hauv lub formwork siv txheem technology nrog ntxiv dag zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phab ntsa hauv tsev, nrog rau cov khoom sib faib, yog ua los ntawm cib. Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm, cov tsev zoo li no me ntsis qis dua cov cib, tab sis tshaj cov vaj huam sib luag.
Tau kawg, cov tsev cib-monolithic muaj lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov tsev, txawm li cas los xij, yuav luag zoo li cov cib. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob hauv cov tsev ntawm hom no yooj yim.
Cib tsev: cov tswv yim tshaj lij
Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas, lub tsev cib, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm peb tau tham saum toj no, tuaj yeem suav tias yooj yim heev hauv kev ua haujlwm. Tab sis nws yuav ua tau kom nyob tau yooj yim nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub tsev, ntawm chav kawm, tsuas yog yog hais tias tag nrho cov xav tau technologies tau soj ntsuam thaum lub sij hawm nws tsim.
Thaum tsim lub tsev, ntawm lwm yam, koj yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov lus pom zoo hauv qab no ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm paub txog:
- Ua ntej yuav tsim ib lub tsev, nco ntsoov xyuas cov av ntawm qhov chaw kom paub tseeb tias qhov tseeb ntawm lub hauv paus. Tib lub sijhawm, txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum tau qhia rau tus kws tshaj lij.
- Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej, yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ua ntej ua lub tsev cib.
Insulate lub tsev cib, yog tias tsim nyog, nyiam dua los ntawm sab nraud. Txwv tsis pub lub dew point yuav txav musnyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa, uas yuav luv luv lawv lifespan.
Siv qhov xaus
Zoo li lwm yam, cov phab ntsa cib muaj ob qho pluses thiab minuses. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsev zoo li no, yog tias lawv tau tsim kho yam tsis muaj kev ua txhaum cai, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntev heev. Yog li, txawm tias qee qhov tsis txaus, thiab tshwj xeeb, tus nqi siab thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm cov masonry, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tsim lub tsev zoo li no ntawm thaj chaw suburban.
