Computer ua haujlwm tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Txhawm rau them lawv, cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb hu ua lub zog siv hluav taws xob. Lawv tau txais AC voltage los ntawm daim phiaj thiab hloov mus rau DC. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem xa cov hwj huam loj loj hauv daim ntawv me me thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau. Lawv cov zis tsis muaj qhov ruaj khov zoo kawg nkaus, thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov ncaj qha tam sim no tau lees paub txawm tias nyob rau hauv siab. Thaum muaj ib qho khoom siv ntxiv, nws tsim nyog siv nws rau ntau yam haujlwm niaj hnub, piv txwv li, hloov nws mus rau hauv lub charger los ntawm lub computer fais fab mov.
Desktop Power Supply Design
Lub thaiv yog zoo li lub thawv hlau nrog qhov dav ntawm 150mm x 86mm x 140mm. Nws yog standardly mounted nyob rau hauv lub PC rooj plaub nrog plaub screws, ib tug hloov thiab lub qhov (socket). Qhov kev tsim no tso cai rau huab cua nkag mus rau lub zog hluav taws xob (PSU) kiv cua txias. Hauv qee qhovQee qhov xwm txheej, qhov hloov hluav taws xob xaiv hluav taws xob raug teeb tsa kom tso cai rau tus neeg siv xaiv qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, Tebchaws Asmeskas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab hauv uas ua haujlwm ntawm nominal voltage ntawm 120 volts.
Lub khoos phis tawj fais fab muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv: coils, capacitors, lub rooj tsavxwm hluav taws xob rau kev tswj tam sim no thiab kiv cua kom txias. Qhov kawg yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsis ua haujlwm rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (PS), uas yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum txuas lub charger los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob atx.
Tus kheej lub computer fais fab mov hom
IPs muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, qhia hauv watts. Ib chav tsev txheem feem ntau muaj peev xwm xa tau ib ncig ntawm 350 watts. Cov khoom siv ntau dua tau nruab rau hauv lub computer: hard drives, CD / DVD drives, daim kab xev drives, kiv cua, yuav tsum muaj lub zog ntau dua los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas muab lub zog ntau dua li lub khoos phis tawj xav tau, vim nws yuav khiav hauv qhov "underload" hom, uas yuav ua rau lub neej ntawm lub tshuab los ntawm kev txo cov thermal nyhuv ntawm nws cov khoom siv sab hauv.
Muaj 3 hom IP:
- AT Power Supply - Siv rau PCs qub.
- ATX fais fab mov - tseem siv rau qee lub PCs.
- ATX-2 fais fab mov - nquag siv niaj hnub no.
PSU tsis tuaj yeem siv thaum tsim lub charger los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj fais fab:
- AT / ATX / ATX-2: + 3.3 V.
- ATX / ATX-2:+5B.
- AT / ATX / ATX-2:-5 V.
- AT / ATX / ATX-2: + 5 V.
- ATX / ATX-2: + 12 V.
- AT / ATX / ATX-2:-12V.
Motherboard connectors
Muaj ntau lub zog sib txawv hauv PI. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yuam kev thaum txhim kho lawv. Txhawm rau ua lub charger los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj fais fab, tus neeg siv yuav tsis tas yuav xaiv txoj cai cable ntev, vim nws yooj yim yuav tsis haum rau hauv lub connector.
Type of connectors:
- P1 (PC / ATX txuas). Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog muab hluav taws xob (PSU) yog muab lub zog rau lub motherboard. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm 20-pin los yog 24-pin connectors. 24 tus pin cable yog sib xws nrog 20 tus pin motherboard.
- P4 (EPS txuas). Nrog rau overclocked GPU mus txog 200W, nws muaj peev xwm muab lub zog ncaj qha rau CPU. Tam sim no nws yog P4 lossis EPS uas muab lub zog CPU txaus. Yog li ntawd, hloov lub khoos phis tawj fais fab rau hauv lub charger yog kev lag luam ncaj ncees.
- PCI-E connector (6-pin 6 + 2 connector). Lub motherboard tuaj yeem muab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 75W los ntawm PCI-E interface qhov. Daim npav tshwj xeeb nrawm dua yuav tsum muaj zog ntau dua. PCI-E connector tau qhia los daws qhov teeb meem no.
Cov niam tsev pheej yig yog nruab nrog 4-pin connector. Ntau kim "overclocking" motherboards muaj 8-pin connectors. Ntxiv muabntau lub zog processor thaum lub sijhawm overclocking.
Feem ntau cov khoom siv fais fab tuaj nrog ob lub cables: 4-pin thiab 8-pin. Tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov kab no yuav tsum tau siv. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem faib cov 8-pin cable rau hauv ob ntu kom ua kom rov qab sib raug zoo nrog cov motherboard pheej yig dua.
Lub zog rau daim npav duab
Sab laug 2 tus pins ntawm 8-pin connector (6 + 2) ntawm sab xis yog txiav tawm rau rov qab sib raug zoo nrog 6-pin graphics phaib. 6-pin PCI-E connector tuaj yeem muab 75W ntxiv rau ib lub cable. Yog tias daim npav daim npav muaj ib lub 6-pin connector, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 150W (75W ntawm motherboard + 75W los ntawm cable).
phaib kim dua yuav tsum muaj 8-pin (6+2) PCI-E connector. Nrog 8 tus pins, qhov txuas no tuaj yeem xa mus txog 150W ib kab. Daim npav daim duab nrog ib tus 8-pin connector tuaj yeem kos txog 225W (75W ntawm motherboard + 150W ntawm cable).
Molex, 4-pin peripheral connector, siv thaum tsim lub charger los ntawm lub computer fais fab mov. Cov pins no siv tau ntev heev thiab tuaj yeem muab 5V (liab) lossis 12V (daj) rau cov khoom siv. Yav dhau los, cov kev sib txuas no feem ntau siv los txuas cov hard drives, CD-ROM players, thiab lwm yam.
Txawm tias Geforce 7800 GS daim npav video tau nruab nrog Molex. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg, yog li tam sim no lawv feem ntau tau hloov los ntawm PCI-E cables thiab SATA cables. Tag nrho cov ntawd yog lawmpowered kiv cua.
Accessory Connector
SATA connector yog ib qho kev hloov tshiab rau Molex uas tsis siv lawm. Tag nrho cov niaj hnub DVD players, hard drives thiab SSDs khiav ntawm SATA zog. Lub Mini-Molex / Floppy connector yog kiag li lawm, tab sis qee qhov PSUs tseem tuaj nrog mini-molex connector. Lawv tau siv los ua lub zog floppy drives txog 1.44 MB ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv feem ntau tau hloov los ntawm USB lo hnub no.
Molex-PCI-E 6-pin adapter rau video card fais fab mov.
Thaum siv 2x-Molex-1x PCI-E 6-pin adapter, koj yuav tsum xub xyuas kom meej tias ob qho tib si Molex txuas nrog cov cable sib txawv. Qhov no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm overloading lub hwj chim mov. Nrog rau kev taw qhia ntawm ATX12 V2.0, kev hloov pauv tau ua rau 24-pin connector system. Laus ATX12Vs (1.0, 1.2, 1.2 thiab 1.3) siv 20-pin connector.
Muaj 12 tus qauv ntawm ATX tus qauv, tab sis lawv zoo sib xws uas tus neeg siv tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog kev sib raug zoo thaum txuas lub charger los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj fais fab. Rau kev rov qab sib raug zoo, feem ntau cov chaw niaj hnub tso cai rau 4 tus pins kawg ntawm lub ntsiab txuas kom raug txiav. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog lub adapter.
Computer mov voltages
Lub khoos phis tawj xav tau peb hom hluav taws xob tas li. 12 volts yog xav tau los muab qhov hluav taws xob rau lub motherboard, phaib graphics, kiv cua, processor. Cov chaw nres nkoj USB xav tau 5 volts, thaum CPU nws tus kheej siv 3.3 volts. 12 volt ibmuaj feem xyuam rau qee tus kiv cua "ntse". Lub rooj tsav xwm hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog lub luag haujlwm xa cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv los ntawm cov kab tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub computer. Cov khoom teev saum toj no hloov AC voltage mus rau DC tam sim no.
Yuav luag ib nrab ntawm kev ua haujlwm lub zog hluav taws xob ua tiav nrog cov capacitors. Lawv khaws lub zog los siv rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Thaum ua lub roj teeb charger los ntawm lub computer fais fab mov, tus neeg siv yuav tsum tau ceev faj. Txawm hais tias lub khoos phis tawj raug kaw, muaj lub caij nyoog uas hluav taws xob yuav khaws cia rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, txawm tias ob peb hnub tom qab kaw.
Cable teeb xim codes
Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tus neeg siv pom ntau lub teeb cable tawm los nrog cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov lej sib txawv. Fais fab cable xim codes:
- Dub, siv los muab tam sim no. Txhua lwm xim yuav tsum tau txuas nrog cov hlau dub.
- Daj: + 12V.
- Red: +5 V.
- Blue: -12V.
- White: -5V.
- Orange: 3.3V.
- Ntsuab, tswj cov xaim rau kev kuaj xyuas DC voltage.
- Purple: + 5 Standby.
Computer fais fab mov tso zis voltages tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog lub ntsuas ntsuas kom raug. Tab sis vim muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua ntawm luv luv Circuit Court, tus neeg siv yuav tsum txuas lub cable dub nrog rau ib qho dub ntawm lub multimeter.
fais fab tuag
Lub hard drive hlau (tsis hais seb nws yog IDE lossis SATA) muaj plaub lub xov hlau txuas rau lub connector: daj, ob xim dub ua ke, thiab liab. Lub hard drive siv ob qho tib si 12V thiab 5V tib lub sijhawm. 12V powers lub txav mechanical qhov chaw, thaum 5V powers cov hluav taws xob circuits. Yog li tag nrho cov khoom siv cable no tau nruab nrog 12V thiab 5V cables tib lub sijhawm.
Hluav taws xob txuas ntawm lub motherboard rau CPU lossis chassis kiv cua muaj plaub tus pins los txhawb lub motherboard rau 12V lossis 5V cov kiv cua. ncaj qha hloov mus rau hauv lub qhov (socket) motherboard. Cov no yog cov kab liab, dawb lossis txiv kab ntxwv thiab tsis siv los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom los txuas cov khoom siv.
Tig rau ATX yam tsis muaj computer
Yog tias koj xav ua lub tsheb charger los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj fais fab, koj yuav tsum sim nws. Koj yuav xav tau ib daim ntawv clip thiab li ob feeb ntawm koj lub sijhawm. Yog tias koj xav tau txuas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov qab mus rau lub motherboard, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tshem tawm daim ntawv clip. Yuav tsis muaj kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev siv daim ntawv clip.
txheej txheem:
- Nrhiav cov kab ntsuab hauv kab ntoo los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
- Ua raws nws mus rau 20 lossis 24 tus pin ATX. Cov hlau ntsuab yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nkag siab "receiver", uas yog xav tau los muab lub zog rau lub hwj chim mov. Nws muaj ob txoj hlua dub ntawm nws.kev lom zem.
- Muab daim ntawv clip rau hauv tus pin nrog cov hlau ntsuab.
- Muab qhov kawg rau hauv ib qho ntawm ob txoj hauv av dub ntawm ib sab ntawm ntsuab. Tsis muaj teeb meem qhov twg yuav ua haujlwm.
Txawm tias daim ntawv clip yuav tsis xa cov tam sim no siab, nws tsis pom zoo kom kov cov hlau ntawm daim ntawv clip thaum nws muaj zog. Yog tias koj xav tawm daim ntawv clip mus tas li, qhwv nws nrog daim kab xev.
Tsim lub charger
Yog tias koj pib ua lub charger los ntawm lub computer fais fab mov nrog koj tus kheej tes, saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm koj txoj haujlwm. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev hem thawj yog capacitors, uas nqa cov seem ntawm hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav thiab kub hnyiab. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog xyuas kom meej tias PI raug kaw kom ruaj ntseg, tab sis kuj hnav cov hnab looj tes insulating.
Tom qab qhib PSU, ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab xyuas kom meej tias yuav tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov xov hlau tshem tawm.
Ua ntej xav txog qhov tsim ntawm qhov chaw, ntsuas nrog tus cwj mem qhov twg lub qhov yuav txiav cov xov hlau kom ntev li qhov xav tau.
Ua cov xaim sorting. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav xav tau: dub, liab, txiv kab ntxwv, daj thiab ntsuab. Cov seem yog redundant, yog li lawv tuaj yeem raug txiav tawm ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm Circuit Court. Ntsuab qhia lub hwj chim tom qab standby. Nws tsuas yog soldered rau hauv av dub hlau, uas yuav xyuas kom meej tias lub PSU tig rau yam tsis muaj lub computer. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum txuas cov xov hlau rau 4 qhov loj clips, ib qho rau txhua cov xim.
Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov 4-xaim xim ua ke thiab txiav lawv mus rau qhov ntev, tshem tawm cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab txuas ntawm ib kawg. Ua ntej drilling qhov, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias PCB ntawm lub chassis tsis muaj paug nrog cov hlau chips.
Nyob rau hauv feem ntau PSUs, PCB tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm lub chassis. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo qhwv hauv lub hnab yas. Tom qab ua tiav qhov drilling, nws yuav tsum tau ua tiav txhua qhov chaw ntxhib thiab so lub chassis nrog ib daim ntaub los ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab cov quav hniav. Tom qab ntawd txhim kho cov ncej uas siv cov ntsia hlau me me thiab cov terminals, tuav lawv nrog pliers. Tom qab ntawd, kaw lub hwj huam mov thiab kos lub voltage ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag nrog tus cim.
Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom txhim kho cov roj hmab taw rau hauv qab ntawm lub cuab yeej kom tsis txhob pw hauv pem teb.
Tau lub tsheb roj teeb ntawm lub PC qub
Cov cuab yeej no yuav pab cov neeg nyiam tsheb hauv qhov xwm txheej nyuaj thaum koj xav tau ceev lub tsheb roj teeb yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej txheem, tab sis tsuas yog siv lub zog siv PC xwb. Cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom siv lub tsheb charger tas li los ntawm lub khoos phis tawj fais fab, vim tias qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 12 V yog luv me ntsis ntawm qhov xav tau thaum them lub roj teeb. Nws yuav tsum yog 13 V, tab sis nws tuaj yeem siv los ua kev xaiv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Txhawm rau nthuav tawm qhov hluav taws xob uas nws siv los ua 12V, koj yuav tsum tau hloov qhov resistor mus rau 2.7kOhm ntawm lub trimmer resistor ntsia rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm ntxiv.
Vim qhov chawCov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas khaws cov hluav taws xob ntev ntev, nws raug nquahu kom tso tawm lawv siv 60 W incandescent teeb. Txhawm rau txuas lub teeb, siv ob qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau txuas mus rau lub terminals ntawm lub hau. Lub backlight yuav maj mam tawm mus, tso tawm lub hau. Kev luv luv ntawm cov terminals tsis pom zoo vim qhov no yuav ua rau lub txim loj thiab tuaj yeem ua rau PCB lem.
Cov txheej txheem rau kev ua-nws-koj tus kheej charger los ntawm lub computer fais fab mov pib los ntawm kev tshem tawm sab saum toj vaj huam sib luag ntawm lub hwj chim mov. Yog hais tias lub vaj huam sib luag sab saum toj muaj 120mm ntxuam, tshem tawm 2-pin connector los ntawm PCB thiab tshem tawm lub vaj huam sib luag. Nws yuav tsum tau txiav cov zis cables los ntawm lub hwj chim mov nrog pliers. Tsis txhob muab pov tseg, nws yog qhov zoo dua los rov siv lawv rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Cia tsis pub ntau tshaj 4-5 cables rau txhua txoj hlua khi. Cov seem tuaj yeem txiav tawm ntawm PCB.
Cov Hlau ntawm tib xim txuas nrog thiab ruaj ntseg siv cov hlua khi. Cov kab ntsuab yog siv los tig rau DC fais fab mov. Nws yog soldered rau GND terminals los yog txuas nrog cov hlau dub los ntawm cov pob. Tom ntej no, ntsuas qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov ntawm lub hau saum toj kawg nkaus, qhov chaw kho cov ncej yuav tsum tau kho. Koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb yog tias tus kiv cua tau nruab rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag saum toj kawg nkaus, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm ntug ntawm lub kiv cua thiab lub zog hluav taws xob me me rau cov pins kho. Hauv qhov no, tom qab kos cov ntsiab lus hauv nruab nrab, koj yuav tsum tshem cov kiv cua.
Tom qabTxhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau txuas cov kev txhim kho cov ncej mus rau lub vaj huam sib luag saum toj kawg nkaus hauv qhov kev txiav txim: GND, +3, 3V, +5V, +12V. Siv lub xaim stripper, qhov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov cables ntawm txhua lub nras raug tshem tawm, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm. kev sib txuas yog soldered. Lub tes tsho tau ua tiav nrog rab phom cua sov tshaj qhov kev sib txuas ntawm crimp, tom qab ntawd cov protrusions tau muab tso rau hauv cov pins txuas thiab cov txiv ntoo thib ob yog nruj.
Tom ntej no koj yuav tsum tau muab lub kiv cua rov qab rau hauv qhov chaw, txuas 2-pin connector rau lub qhov (socket) ntawm PCB, ntxig lub vaj huam sib luag rov qab rau hauv chav tsev, uas tej zaum yuav xav tau qee qhov kev siv zog vim lub nras ntawm cov cables. crossbars thiab kaw.
Chaw rau ntsia hlau
Yog hais tias tus ntsia hlau muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 12V, ces tus neeg siv muaj hmoo. Nws tuaj yeem ua lub zog rau lub charger yam tsis muaj kev rov ua haujlwm ntau. Koj yuav xav tau lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv los yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab. Nws muaj ntau qhov hluav taws xob, tab sis koj xav tau 12V. Muaj ntau cov xov hlau ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Koj yuav xav tau cov xim daj uas muab tawm 12V. Ua ntej pib ua haujlwm, tus neeg siv yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug txiav tawm ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab tsis muaj qhov seem seem nyob hauv lub capacitors.
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib hloov koj lub khoos phis tawj lub zog rau hauv lub charger. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj yuav tsum txuas cov xaim daj rau lub connector. Qhov no yuav yog 12V tso zis. Ua tib yam rau cov xov hlau dub. Cov no yog cov connectors uas lub charger yuav txuas nrog. Hauv qhov thaiv, qhov hluav taws xob 12V tsis yog thawj, yog li tus resistor txuas nrog liab 5V hlau. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum txuas lub grey thiab ib tug dub hlau ua ke. Qhov no yog ib lub teeb liab uas qhia tias lub hwj chim mov. Cov xim ntawm cov hlau no tuaj yeemsib txawv, yog li koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias nws yog PS-ON teeb liab. Qhov no yuav tsum tau sau rau ntawm daim ntawv nplaum ntawm lub hwj chim.
Tom qab qhib qhov hloov pauv, PSU yuav tsum pib, kiv cua yuav tsum tig, thiab lub teeb yuav tsum teeb. Tom qab kuaj xyuas cov connectors nrog ib lub multimeter, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias chav tsev yog tsim 12 V. Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, ces tus ntsia thawv charger los ntawm lub computer fais fab mov yog ua hauj lwm kom raug.
Cov lus qhia los ntawm kev paub
Qhov tseeb, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los hloov kho lub zog rau koj tus kheej xav tau. Cov kiv cua ntawm kev sim zoo siab los qhia lawv qhov kev paub. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia zoo.
Cov neeg siv tsis txhob ntshai hloov lub thawv thaiv: ntxiv LEDs, ntawv nplaum, lossis txhua yam koj xav tau los txhim kho. Thaum disassembling cov xov hlau, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias ATX fais fab mov siv. Yog tias nws yog AT lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob laus dua nws yuav muaj ntau yam xim txawv rau cov xov hlau. Yog tias tus neeg siv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov xov hlau no, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muab cov khoom siv rov ua dua, vim tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke tsis raug, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo.
Qee cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no muaj cov xov tooj sib txuas lus uas yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub zog hluav taws xob kom nws ua haujlwm. Cov hlau grey txuas rau txiv kab ntxwv, thiab cov kab liab liab txuas rau liab. Lub zog resistor nrog lub zog siab tuaj yeem ua kub. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom txias hauv kev tsim.
