Linoleum yog suav tias yog cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws. Nws yog siv ob qho tib si hauv thaj chaw nyob thiab kev lag luam. Qhov no topcoat suits txhua pob nyiaj siv thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, koj tsis tas yuav xav txog cov nuances ntawm kev tsim. Txhua yam khoom muaj nws qhov tsis zoo. Linoleum yog mos hauv cov qauv, yog li tom qab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev nws tuaj yeem mus rau hauv nthwv dej. Kev khaws cia tsis raug ua rau kinks thiab ntau dua.
Tab sis tsis yog tu siab. Txhua lo lus nug yog yooj yim los daws txawm nyob hauv tsev. Yuav ua li cas smooth linoleum tom qab khoov? Nws tsim nyog noj ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia hauv qab no ua lub hauv paus thiab ua nruj me ntsis rau nws. Cov xwm txheej txawv, tom qab tso thiab ua ntej nws. Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem yuav tsum tau daws kom txog thaum lub linoleum kho.
Nws puas tuaj yeem ua raws tom qab kho?
Yuav ua li cas kom linoleum du yog tias nws twb nyob hauv pem teb? Ua ntej koj pibua hauj lwm, koj yuav tsum to taub yog vim li cas irregularities thiab defects tshwm. Yog tias cov khoom siv hauv pem teb tau nyob rau hauv lub xeev yob rau lub sijhawm ntev, nws yuav tsum tau muab sijhawm los so rau ntawm lub dav hlau ruaj khov - dhau sijhawm nws yuav ua txoj haujlwm raug. Yog hais tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, ces koj yuav tsum tau mus rau ib tug mechanical txoj kev ntawm raug. Muaj cov chais tshwj xeeb hauv cov cuab yeej tsim kho, nrog rau lawv cov kev pab cuam sai sai.
khoom siv tes ua
Tab sis muaj txoj hauv kev yooj yim dua:
- Feem ntau qhov chaw ntawm qhov ua tiav swells, wrinkles tshwm. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov pob hlau yooj yim, lawv tau dov rau saum npoo. Cov txheej txheem yog yooj yim - txav los ntawm cov npoo mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab thiab nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia. Yog li, qhov saum npoo yog yooj yim leveled. Tab sis ua ntej koj du tawm lub linoleum, koj yuav tsum tau npaj cov pob no.
- Siv ib rab koob tuab. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev yooj yim thiab pov thawj siv los ntawm ntau tus tswv. Nws hloov tawm hais tias smoothing nthwv dej ntawm linoleum tsis yog li ntawd nyuaj. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas nws swells, koj yuav tsum maj mam tho nrog ib rab koob. Qhov no tso cai rau huab cua khiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua yam khoom hnyav raug kho rau qhov chaw no. Cov txheej txheej tiav tsis tiv taus kev sib tsoo, yog li koj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov poob siab absorber lossis ib yam khoom muag ntawm lub load.
- Siv hlau. Muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no, tab sis koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo ua tib zoo, los ntawm txhua daim ntaub. Thaum qhov chaw sov tuaj, ib daim ntawv ntawm plywood yog pw rau ntawm nws. Tab sis rau cov qauv pheej yig, txoj kev no tsis haum. Qhov saum npoo yuav tsum yog tuab, txwv tsis pubnws tsuas yuav ncab xwb.
- roj hmab cua sov ncoo. Nws yog ntim nrog dej kub, muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw teeb meem. Cov nyhuv yuav pom tau yog tias nws yog qhov yuam kev me me. Txij li thaum lub tshuab cua sov ua kom hnyav nrog dej, qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev ua kom sov thiab nias.
Yuav kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas kom linoleum du, koj yuav tsum xyuas seb nws puas tau nplaum rau hauv pem teb los yog tsis. Thaum nws tsuas yog kho ntawm lub hauv paus, lub txheej yog dismantled thiab tag nrho cov saum npoo yog rov tensioned. Tom qab cov txheej txheem no, txiav yuav tsum tau txiav. Skirting boards yog tsau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab hauv pem teb ua txawm.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo?
Raws li txoj cai, kev kho thiab kev tsim kho kev ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog hauv pem teb yog ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog qee qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis sib xws thiab qhov tsis xws luag. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem no tseem yog qhov tsim ntawm nthwv dej ntawm hauv pem teb. Yuav ua li cas smooth linoleum, yog vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim? Hmoov tsis zoo, qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim ntau dua li lwm tus. Qhov no tshwm sim rau ntau yam laj thawj - cov rooj tog tau tsiv, nws tau siv sijhawm ntev, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias txheej txheej tshiab, ces nws yooj yim dua los daws qhov teeb meem. Linoleum raug tso tseg rau ob peb hnub nyob rau hauv siab, tom qab ntawd qhov teeb meem yuav daws tau.
Thaum qhov ntawd tsis pab, koj yuav tsum tau sov nws, thauj nws. Nws tshwm sim tias cov txheej txheem no tsis ua haujlwm. Txoj kev tsis txaus siab tshaj plaws yog txiav rau hauv ib daim hlab, nteg zoo zoo rau saum ib leeg thiab ntxiv qhov hnyav ntxiv rau saum.
Thaum qhov ua tsis tiav, cua sov ntxiv rau lub nra. Ua ntej smoothing tawmnthwv dej ntawm linoleum nyob rau hauv pem teb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom nkag siab tias txhua txoj kev yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev tswj hwm kom qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo zuj zus tuaj. Thaum qhov hnyav tau muab tso rau saum, lub hauv paus yuav tsum muaj zog (txhua ntoo yuav ua tau).
Qhov xwm txheej txawv. Feem ntau, tom qab gluing lub flooring rau hauv pem teb, ib tug npuas loj tshwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj yuav tau txiav lub nto crosswise. Tom qab ntawd, cov huab cua raug tshem tawm, qhov luaj li cas yog ntsuas, daim ntawm linoleum yog glued rov qab. Thaum txhua txoj kev kho me me tau ua tib zoo, nws yuav tsis pom. Yuav ua li cas kom tshem tawm wrinkles ntawm linoleum? Thaum lub hauv paus raug kho nrog cov kua nplaum, tshem tawm cov deformations yog ua tiav nrog ib rab koob thiab rab koob. Cov kua nplaum ua tib zoo muab tso rau hauv, nias kom zoo thiab sab laug rau ob peb hnub.
Kink kuaj pom, yuav ua li cas?
Yog tias linoleum muag tsis nyob rau hauv yob, tab sis dov, ces kinks tshwm rau nws. Qee tus pib daws qhov teeb meem ntawm yuav ua li cas kom du linoleum rau hauv pem teb, twb nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tso tseg yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau hauv daim ntawv no, txwv tsis pub koj yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav qhov tsis xws luag ntawm lub tsho tiv no uas twb muaj lawm. Qee lub sij hawm xws li teeb meem kuj tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm yob cia - lawv muab ib yam dab tsi, crushed nws. Thaum cov khoom yuav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib tw, nws rov qab los thiab dhau los hauv ob peb hnub.
Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias txawm nyob hauv tsev, cov khoom siv ntau dhau raug tshem tawm. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev. Qhov no yog hais txog yuav ua li cas kom du linoleum tshiab:
- Cov khoom tshiab ntawm yob yog dov ib ncig ntawm chav tsev nws yog npaj rau. Ntug raws nraimclipped, txwv tsis pub yoj yuav tsim. Tsis muaj dab tsi muab tso rau ntawm nws, nws raug tso cai taug kev. Yog li nws yuav dag peb hnub - thiab koj tuaj yeem kho nws. Koj tuaj yeem siv daim kab xev, ob sab daim kab xev, kua nplaum rau kho. Txhua yam nyob hauv khw.
- Cov khoom yog nteg tawm, thiab ib daim ntawv ntawm plywood yog ntsia rau saum, yuav tsis muaj khoov nyob rau hauv nws. Ib puag ncig ntawm linoleum yuav tsum tau txiav sib npaug.
- Sand yog nchuav rau hauv ntim thiab muab tso rau saum npoo. Tab sis lawv ua li no kom cov dents tsis tig tawm hauv siab.
- Thaum linoleum tawg, nws tsuas tuaj yeem ua ke ua ke. Ua li no, cov khoom yog leveled, huab cua raug tshem tawm thiab linoleum yog tsau ntawm cov nplaum muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Hair dryer
Koj tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov khoov nrog lub tshuab plaub hau yooj yim. Qhov saum npoo yog raug rau cua kub kwj rau 30 feeb. Tab sis qee zaum txoj kev no muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo - nthwv dej loj hlob. Thaum tshav kub kub coj los ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom tiav, tab sis huab cua yuav tsum qhuav.
Nyob hauv tsev
Nws tshwm sim tias txhua txoj hauv kev tau ua tiav lawm, tab sis qhov xav tau tsis pom - txhua yam zoo ib yam ntawm ib nrab ntawm nthwv dej. Yuav ua li cas smooth linoleum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no? Koj tuaj yeem sim ncab qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsis yooj yim, tab sis nws tsim nyog rau txheej tsis hais txog qhov tuab. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov tseeb yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej, txwv tsis pub cov khoom yuav tsuas tsim kua muag.
Yuav ua li cas ua:
- Cov khoom yog kis hauv chav, txiav nrog qhov sib txawv me ntsis (15 millimeters ntawm phab ntsa).
- Tawm 3 hnub rau kev sib tw. Yog nws nce nyob rau hauvqhov loj me, nws rov txiav nrog qhov sib txawv.
- Ib sab yog kho nrog lub plinth, nyob ntawm qhov chaw muaj kinks.
- Ib lub rooj tsavxwm tau muab tso rau hauv ib puag ncig, tab sis tsis muaj qhov khoob thiab cov ntsia hlau, thiaj li tsis ua rau cov txheej txheem ua kom puas. Nws yog qhov zoo los qhwv nrog cov ntaub rau saum.
- Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom thauj khoom tau teeb tsa.
- Tom ntej no koj yuav tsum tau txav tus qauv no, ua tib zoo rub tawm cov khoom.
Yog li ntawd, ua ntej koj tawm lub ncuav mog qab zib linoleum, koj yuav tsum tau npaj txhua yam thiab xav txog txhua kauj ruam. Tsis txhob ua haujlwm thaum chav txias. Thaum rhuab, txheej txheej stretches yooj yim dua thiab siv rau qhov xav tau zoo.
Linoleum yog cov khoom xav tau tshaj plaws rau hnub no. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsim cov xim tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv. Yog hais tias nws tsis tuab, ces nws tus nqi yog 600 rubles ib 'meter'. Ntau ntau nyob ntawm qhov dav xaiv. Nws yog tsuas yog khaws cia thiab thauj hauv yob. Tab sis txawm tias thaum yuav nws hauv lub xeev no, koj tsis tuaj yeem pib kho rau hauv pem teb tam sim ntawd. Nws yuav tsum pw tsawg kawg yog ob hnub. Skirting boards yog siv los kho. Koj tsis tuaj yeem ntsia nws rau - nws yuav tawg sai sai thiab npuas.
ua haujlwm hauv pem teb
Tom qab kev yuav khoom, cov khoom raug nthuav tawm thiab sab laug kom ncaj. Nws tsis tsim nyog txuag lub sij hawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias ib qho tiav nrog ib txheej tuab saum toj kawg nkaus raug xaiv. Thaum lub canvas tsis muaj ib tug loj thickening, nws yog txaus rau ib tug tag nrho straightening li ntawm 6-7 teev. Muaj cov tswv yim txaus - cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau.
Thaum tsis muaj sijhawm tos ib hnub lossis ntau dua, koj tuaj yeem ua taunrog rau lwm cov lus qhia:
- Yuav ua li cas, ntswj nws nyob rau hauv qhov opposite direction. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kis mus rau ib puag ncig thiab pib cov txheej txheem, thaum ua tib zoo saib cov hniav thiab cov kinks kom lawv tig mus rau qhov sib txawv.
- Ib sab yog tsau nyob rau hauv lub plinth, tom qab uas lub chopping block raug coj mus thiab dragged raws cov chaw uas cov kinks pom. Qhov no yog ua kom maj mam thiab ua tib zoo: lawv mus txog ntawm phab ntsa, kho nws. Qhov no ua tiav nce thiab nqis.
- dej kub yog muab, nchuav rau saum npoo ntawm inflection. Ces smoothing nyob rau hauv sib txawv cov lus qhia pib nrog nquag txav. Tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm blistering nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, yog li ceev faj.
Txoj kev zoo li no pab ua kom linoleum sai sai thiab txuas rau saum npoo. Kuj tseem muaj cov lus pom zoo rau kev ua kom lub ntsej muag du ntawm linoleum - koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj qhov sov sov microclimate hauv chav. Thaum ua tiav hauv pem teb tiav, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm cov npuas me me thiab cov kua nplaum ntau dhau. Qhov no yuav pab tsis tau tsuas yog los tsim ib tug du nto ua ntej nteg, tab sis kuj los kho tej yam uas twb muaj lawm shortcomings.
txheej txheem no yog ua los ntawm cov menyuam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom du tawm ntawm qhov chaw mus rau cov npoo, maj mam thiab maj mam. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog ua ob peb zaug. Yog tias koj ua tib zoo ua txhua kauj ruam, raws li tus tswv pom zoo, ces koj yuav tau txais cov txiaj ntsig sai.
Tiav tiav, yuav ua li cas tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag?
Ntau yam yuav tsum tau ua hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Yuav ua li cas kom sai smooth linoleum? Uapluag-zoo styling tsis tau tsuas yog cov neeg tsis muaj kev paub, tab sis kuj masters. Yuav ua li cas rau qhov xwm txheej zoo li no? Feem ntau, npuas thiab nthwv dej tsim. Yog tias lawv tsis raug tshem tawm, ces cov linoleum yuav hnav sai sai thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tag nrho.
Thawj kauj ruam yog tshem cov huab cua ntawm cov npuas uas twb muaj lawm. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nqa ib rab koob tuab, awl, nqaim screwdriver. Tom qab ntawd, huab cua yog ua tib zoo tso, smoothed, nias los ntawm lub load. Qee zaum cov kua nplaum yuav nyuaj rau sab hauv. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm los ua kom lub ntsej muag txawm. Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tau zoo li no? Txhawm rau rov ua kom muaj txheej txheej, koj yuav tsum ua kom paub cov kuab tshuaj tshwj xeeb hauv. Thaum lub uplift yog manifested tsis yog los ntawm ib tug me me npuas, tab sis raws li tag nrho cov perimeter, ces tib txoj kev tawm yog tiav dismantling.
Nws ntseeg tau tias txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog khaws cia hauv pem teb npog hauv yob. Tab sis yog tias qhov no tshwm sim ntev, ces nthwv dej tuaj yeem pom tom qab kev teeb tsa. Txawm tias tom qab nws sawv rau ob peb hnub, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua rau saum npoo txawm. Txoj kev ntawm piling saum npoo yuav pab tau. Rau qhov no, txhua yam yog coj. Nws muaj peev xwm xaiv lub hnab xuab zeb lossis cement.
Linoleum puas tuaj yeem smoothed?
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob daws qhov teeb meem ntawm yuav ua li cas kom du dents ntawm linoleum tom qab tso cov txheej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau ua raws li cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev npaj lub hauv paus. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj kom raug kho nws ntawm qhov chaw. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom thaj chaw tiaj tus thiab tshem tawm cov plua plav thiab av kom tiav. Ntoo pem teb yuav tsum tau zoo sanded. Ntawm cov pob zeb, kab noj hniav thiab cov kab nrib pleb raug tshem tawm nrog putty. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua qhov chaw yog kho nrog primer. Koj kuj yuav tsum paub tias nws yuav siv sij hawm kom qhuav. Tsuas yog tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem no nws tso cai rau nteg cov txheej tiav.
Yog tias tom qab kev yuav khoom koj tsis txhob cia cov linoleum pw, koj yuav tau daws qhov teeb meem nrog creases, o thiab lwm yam irregularities twb nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ruaj. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus muaj sijhawm tos. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim qhov chaw zoo meej, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum xaiv qhov yog.
Ua ntej koj du linoleum rau hauv pem teb tom qab khoov, koj yuav tsum npaj cov hnab xuab zeb. Txoj kev no tsis tshua siv niaj hnub no, vim tias cov xuab zeb yuav tsum tau ua kom sov, thiab rau ntau qhov no yog teeb meem. Kev siv cov khoom txias txias yuav tsis ua haujlwm.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntsuas qhov loj me, nthuav tawm hauv chav, tom qab ntawd ib lub hnab ntawm cov xuab zeb kub muab tso rau ntawm lub kink. Nws yog sab laug rau ib nrab ib teev, tom qab uas koj tuaj yeem kho cov txheej txheem.
Tab sis nws tsis yooj yim kom sov cov xuab zeb. Nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom tau txais ib daim ntawv pov thawj puv ntoob rau tag nrho saum npoo ntawm chav tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, koj yuav tau nrog kev sib tw. Cov txheej txheem no muaj nws tus kheej me me, lawv yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.
Yuav ua li cas txuas linoleum?
Ib txoj hauv kev yog sib tshooj, tab sis kuj yog cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj hnub nyoog, lossis koj tuaj yeem siv txhua txoj hauv kev rau qib. Tom qab ntawd, cov pob tw thiab pob tw yog nteg tawm hauv chav. Ces lawv kho. Ua li no, siv ntau yam kev xaiv, qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws yog siv cov nplaum nplaum.
Tsis yog txhua tus nyiam pom qhov twg ob daim kab xev sib ntsib. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom siv vuam ntawm ob lub canvases - muaj ib qho txias thiab kub. Thawj qhov yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, vim tias cov kua nplaum raug coj los ua lub hauv paus. Rau cov linoleum tshiab, nws muaj cov kua sib xws thiab tsuas yog ua ke. Thaum koj yuav tsum tau rov ua dua cov txheej txheem uas twb tau siv lawm, ces koj yuav tsum muab qhov nyiam rau qhov hnyav.
Yuav kom cov txheej txheem tshwm sim sai, koj yuav tau npaj txhua yam koj xav tau:
- Nkauj.
- riam ntse.
- khoom tiv thaiv tus kheej.
- vuam tshuab.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thaum kho, lub seam yog degreased thiab tag nrho cov plua plav raug tshem tawm. Tom ntej no, siv daim kab xev. Ib qho kev txiav yog ua rau nws nrog rab riam ntse. Nws yuav puv nrog kua nplaum. Tom qab 40-50 feeb, cov nplaum nplaum raug tshem tawm, yog tias muaj cov tee rau saum npoo, lawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm.
Lwm txoj hauv kev los kho nws yog nrog cov hlau yooj yim. Lawv zoo heev rau kev sib txuas ob ntu. Tab sis txoj kev no tsis cuam tshuam rau cov tuab tuab heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog nrhiav ib tug ntse sting coj lawv raws li kev sib koom ua ke, txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav cov nyhuv xav tau. Ua li no, chav tsev sov so kom ntau li ntau tau thiaj li coj cov npoo ntawm cov khoom mus rau lub xeev xav tau thiab txuas sai sai.
Tsis muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm nrog cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau cov hniav nws tus kheej. Yog li tsis yog txhua tus neeg yuav muaj peev xwm tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov txheej txheem no ua li cas hauv kev tsim khoom? Lawv muaj nyob hauv chaw ua haujlwmNtau yam khoom siv - cua kub, hlua, cov khoom siv vuam tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam.
Yuav tau nplaum rau
Feem ntau, cov hauv pem teb npog yog tsau rau ntawm qhov chaw npaj nrog kua nplaum. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws, thiab txhua tus tuaj yeem tuav nws. Ua ntej no, lub linoleum yog smoothed thiab leveled tshaj cheeb tsam. Thaum chav tsev me me, tom qab ntawd cov nplaum nplaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nplaum los yog lub plinth ua raws li lub fastener.
Yog tias chav tsev ntau dua 30 square metres, ces mastic, cov kua nplaum tshwj xeeb, cov menyuam sib tw thiab txhuam hniav. Qee zaum qhov sib tov yog kis nrog spatula. Cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus linoleum ib txwm muab cov lus pom zoo rau kev fastening - koj yuav tsum tsis txhob deviate ntau ntawm lawv. Daim ntawv thov yog ua tiav pointwise, nyob rau hauv kab txaij los yog hla tag nrho saum npoo. Tab sis nws tsim nyog ua ib txheej me me kom tom qab ziab cov huab cua tsis tsim cov pob.
Yuav ua li cas ntxiv?
Tom ntej no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov huab cua sab hauv kom tsis txhob muaj npuas. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tau nrhiav ib txoj hauv kev los tsim ib qho chaw tiaj tiaj.
Hnub no, ntau ntau yam linoleum tau raug muag. Tab sis ua ntej koj tau txais qhov yog, koj yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas kho nws thiab yuav ua li cas nrog kev tsis txaus. Qhov no yooj yim ua los ntawm tes. Tsis txhob maj thiab kho tam sim ntawd - cia nws paub tab thiab coj nws cov duab mus tas li. Yog tsis muaj sij hawm ces pab tau me ntsis los ntawm cua sov.
