Kev tsim kho kev lag luam yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw uas muaj kev hloov pauv zoo ib ntus tshwm sim. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog aerated qhob. Hauv kev tsim kho niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv no tau txais kev nyiam sai sai, thiab nws qhov kev thov tsuas tuaj yeem khib. Tab sis ua ntej siv nws rau kev tsim kho, qhov tseeb, ntawm lub tsev, koj yuav tsum paub txog nws cov yam ntxwv zoo dua. Nws kuj tsis mob kom paub tias qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov kev xaiv no yog dab tsi.
Aerated qhob yog dab tsi?
lo lus no yuav tsum nkag siab tias yog lub pob zeb ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, uas tau pom qhov tsim nyog thov hauv kev tsim kho. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm internal partitions, thaum sau lub interframe chaw, tab sis kuj yog zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim kho ntawm load-bearing lug. Hauv qhov no, ntau lub tuam txhab siv ntau hom khoom siv no rau kev siv cov haujlwm rau suburban thiabcov tsev siab.
Aerated blocks muaj cov qauv ntawm tes, thiab yog li ntawd muaj qhov hnyav, uas ua rau txo cov load ntawm lub hauv paus. Aerated qhob yog cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis nrog cov thermal conductivity tsawg thiab zoo suab rwb thaiv tsev zoo.
Kev sib sau ntawm cov blocks
Kev tsim cov tsev niaj hnub no suav nrog kev tswj hwm ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv:
- cement - 50-70%;
- sand - 20-40%;
- lime - 1-5%;
- dej - 0.25-0.8%.
Kom tau txais cov qauv ntxeem tau, ua npuas dej ntxiv rau cov tshuaj nws tus kheej lossis cov sib tov nws tus kheej yog foamed. Tus nqi ntawm foaming tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog los ntawm 0.04 mus rau 0.09%. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev lag luam blocks uas muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thermal rwb thaiv tsev.
Raws li daim ntawv qhia no, koj tuaj yeem npaj kev daws koj tus kheej los ntawm kev suav pes tsawg feem nws yuav siv los tsim cov blocks ntawm ib lub voos xwmfab ntawm aerated qhob:
- cement - 90 kg;
- sand - 375 kg;
- txiv qaub - 35 kg;
- dej - 300 litres.
Foaming agent yuav xav tau me ntsis - 500 grams. Tab sis tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tsev yuav tsis ua hauj lwm, tsuas yog tej zaum los ntawm kev paub. Ntawm kev lag luam nplai, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb yog siv, nrog rau cov khoom lag luam zoo ntawm cov cement. Yog li ntawd, cov zis yog cov khoom zoo tiag tiag.
Qhov zoo ntawm aerated qhob
Kev faib tawm dav ntawm aerated qhob blocks hauv kev tsim khovim muaj kev ua haujlwm siab, uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntawm cib, pob zeb lossis ntoo. Thiab txawm tias tag nrho dhau cov ntaub ntawv no ntau txoj hauv kev.
Aerated qhob yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ntau lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev uas muaj nyob niaj hnub no. Cov khoom tseem ceeb (lawv kuj yog qhov zoo) suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:
- Strength - blocks yog resistant rau compression, uas nyob ntawm lawv qhov ntom thiab txawv nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1.5 txog 3.5 kgf / cm 2.
- Kev ua kom yooj yim - aerated qhob blocks tuaj yeem pom nrog txhua qhov hacksaw lossis phab ntsa chaser siv tau.
- Thermal conductivity - qhov ntsuas no nyob rau theem qis, uas tso cai rau koj ua yam tsis muaj rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv.
- Soundproofing - suab nthwv dej, dhau los ntawm qhov hws, hlwb ntawm cov blocks, dissipate thiab tawm mus. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov ntsiag to, txawm tias lub tsev nyob hauv lub quarter nrov tshaj plaws.
- Incombustibility - cov khoom nws tus kheej tsis hlawv thiab tsis kis hluav taws. Yog li ntawd, cov tsev thiab cov tsev no sib haum mus rau qib siab ntawm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.
- Kev ruaj ntseg lom - txawm tias nyob rau theem siab ntawm cov av noo (ntau dua 90%), pwm thiab lwm yam kab mob tsis tsim nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Ntawd yog, tsuas yog tsis muaj dab tsi rau rot, tsis zoo li ntoo. Raws li, tsis tas yuav kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob tshwj xeeb.
Qhov tseeb, rau qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov pom tseeb no, cov khoom tsim nyog rau lub npe raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws aerated qhob ntawmLwm yam vaj tse analogues. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig zoo, aerated qhob blocks muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Thiab ntawm no lawv yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thawj qhov chaw, yog tias tsim nyog, siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev no. Lawv yuav tau tham ntxiv.
A tus lej ntawm qhov tsis txaus
Dab tsi yog lwm sab ntawm cov nyiaj npib hauv cov khoom zoo li lub tsev zoo li aerated pob zeb? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb tab tom tham txog nws qhov fragility. Thiab vim li no, ua ntej txhim kho ib lub tsev los ntawm cov blocks, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tsim lub hauv paus txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov.
Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog lub hauv paus ntiav ntiav (MFF). Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov tsis kam ntawm qhov taw tes loads, lub fastening ntawm hnyav hinged lug yuav tsum tau zam. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej pib qhov kev siv ntawm ib qhov project aerated pob zeb, ib qho ntxiv tsis zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev blocks yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account - volumetric water absorption (nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag tus nqi ntawm 25%).
Vim li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm tiav yog qhov nyuaj heev - thaum lub pob zeb aerated absorbs ntau cov dej noo (los ntawm nag lossis daus), plaster tsuas yog poob. Txhawm rau txo qhov nqus dej, sab nrauv ntawm phab ntsa yuav tsum tau kho nrog qhov tshwj xeeb sib sib zog nqus dej tsis sib haum.
Scope of application
Aerated qhob blocks vim ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, nrog rau lwm yam zoo, tau pom tsis yog daim ntawv thov loj xwb. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho tus kheej. Qhov tseeb, cov khoom no yog qhov txaus siabfeem ntau cov tswv ntawm thaj chaw ntiag tug suburban.
Tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, tsoomfwv cov koom haum - cov no thiab ntau lwm yam kev tsim kho niaj hnub no yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated. Vim muaj qhov loj me ntawm ob sab, cov tsev tsim kom sai li sai tau. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, aerated qhob yog tsim nyog tsis tsuas yog rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev tshiab, nws siv kuj tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm restoration ntawm qub lug.
Raws-bearing walls
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov pob zeb aerated yog kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv thauj khoom. Los ntawm cov blocks no koj tuaj yeem tsim ib lub tsev ob lossis peb-zaj dab neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tsis txhob poob qhov kev pom ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev no.
Ntawd yog, rau kev tsim lub tsev ib lossis ob lub tsev siab, koj tuaj yeem siv cov blocks nrog lub thickness ntawm 375 hli (tsawg kawg!) - D400. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev rwb thaiv tsev tsis tas yuav tsum tau, tsuas yog nyob rau ntawm whim ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub tsev yav tom ntej. Yog tias koj xav tsim lub tsev nrog ntau theem, koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov kev faib tawm D500-D600. Mineral wool kuj tseem siv tau ntawm no ua lub rhaub.
monolithic skyscrapers
Qhov kev thov rau cov qauv siv autoclaved aerated qhob hauv kev tsim kho tsuas yog nce txhua xyoo. Cov khoom siv no yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev ntau-storey. Yog lawm, lawv cov thav duab yog ua raws li cov qauv niaj hnub reinforced pob zeb, txij li cov blocks lawv tus kheej, vim lawv cov qauv tsim, tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus xws li kev thauj khoom. Lawv yogsiv rau kev tsim kho ntawm sab nrauv phab ntsa thiab partitions. Vim li cas cov qib D300-D600 feem ntau raug coj.
Vim qhov tseeb tias cov ntsiab lus no yog lub teeb hauv qhov hnyav, uas suav tias yog lawv qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, tag nrho cov khoom thauj ntawm lub hauv paus tau txo qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li peb tam sim no paub, cov phab ntsa zoo li no tuaj yeem khaws cov cua sov.
phab ntsa nruab nrab
Aerated qhob tsis yog tsuas yog lub hauv paus rau kev tsim kho cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kabmob (nyob rau hauv vim li cas), tab sis kuj yog cov khoom siv zoo rau kev teeb tsa sab hauv ntawm ntau lub tsev thiab cov qauv. Thiab tag nrho ua tsaug rau kev ua tau zoo:
- zoo suab rwb thaiv tsev;
- muaj peev xwm khaws tau cua sov;
- muaj zog thiab kev ntseeg tau.
Cov khoom thiab kev siv ntawm cov pob zeb aerated yuav tsum tsis txhob kwv yees. Kev siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev no kuj tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov blocks yog tsim nrog cov thicknesses sib txawv.
Qhov no tso cai rau lawv siv ntau yam haujlwm rau kev muag khoom ntiag tug, ntau lub tsev, nrog rau kev tsim cov chaw ua haujlwm lossis chaw lag luam.
Yuav ua li cas rau laj kab?
Los ntawm cov blocks ntawm aerated qhob tsis tsuas yog cov tsev thiab cov qauv tsim, cov khoom siv no kuj tsim nyog rau kev tsim lub laj kab, ntseeg tau npog thaj chaw ntiag tug. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg uas nyiam kev ceev ntiag tug. Tau kawg, kev lag luam khoom siv hauv tsev tuaj yeem muab ntau yam rau kev tsim kho cov khoom xws li "me me architectural form". Txawm li cas los xij, cov blocks hauv kev lag luam no kuj muaj peev xwmtsim nyog kev sib tw rau ntau analogues.
Kev siv cov pob zeb aerated hauv kev tsim cov laj kab qhia qee qhov zoo:
- easy installation;
- nqi pheej yig;
- durability ntawm kev tsim kho.
Tib lub sijhawm, muaj qee qhov nuances. Ua ntej koj pib tsim cov phab ntsa, koj yuav tsum tau nteg lub hauv paus. Tom qab ntawd, ua ib qho zoo waterproofing. Thiab mam li ncaj qha mus rau kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa.
Kev tsim da dej
Vim lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo, cov pob zeb aerated yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim da dej. Thiab tsis muaj lub tsev no, tsis yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug suburban yuav ua tau. Ua ntej, siab thermal rwb thaiv tsev, thiab qhov thib ob, kev them taus!
Raws li kev tsim kho ntawm lub laj kab thaiv, cov hom phiaj xwm aerated no tseem xav tau kev tsim kho lub hauv paus uas tag nrho lub tsev yuav so. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau ua cov dej tsis zoo. Thaum kawg, nws tseem yuav ua tiav cov haujlwm sab hauv thiab tawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, sab nrauv tuaj yeem muab zais hauv qab lossis cov vuas luaj ceramic.
Kev tsim kho vaj tse
Raws li koj paub, kev lag luam ntawm ib lub tebchaws feem ntau nyob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog kev khiav ntawm qee qhov peev txheej mus rau lub xeev cov nyiaj txiag, tab sis kuj yog kev muab cov haujlwm tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev lag luam nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj cov tuam tsev sib raug.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm no yog muab rau lub sijhawm tsim khocov tsev, uas muaj thav duab thiab frameless mounting xaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev suav nrog ntau cov qauv hlau yog fraught nrog cov nqi nyiaj txiag ntau. Tab sis vim li cas thiaj them nyiaj ntau dua yog tias muaj lwm txoj hauv kev zoo hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob zeb aerated? Tab sis qhov no yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho niaj hnub no, yog li vim li cas ho tsis siv rau qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam?
Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov pob zeb aerated hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov chaw zoo li no yog fraught nrog qee qhov nuances. Yog tias lwm yam khoom raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam sab nraud (feem ntau yog huab cua), tom qab ntawd qee qhov chaw muaj kev lag luam raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig hnyav. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav tsum tau siv cov txhais tau tias tsim nyog.
Ib tug ntawm lawv yog diabase hmoov, uas yog cov kua qaub-resistant hmoov yuav ntxiv rau lub tsev sib tov los tiv thaiv phab ntsa masonry los ntawm raug rau cov tshuaj nquag. Tib lub sijhawm, kev sib xyaw qhuav hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab tsis nyob hauv nws tus kheej ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig.
Peb twb paub txog ntau yam zoo uas muaj nyob rau hauv aerated pob zeb, kev siv cov hmoov nplej diabase tsuas yog ntxiv dag zog rau cov duo, uas tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov chaw tsim khoom.
Yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa aerated qhob blocks
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, txhua tus qauv yog ua raws li qhov cuam tshuam deforming. Feem ntau qhov no ua rau tsim cov kab nrib pleb, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam:
- qauv shrinkage;
- kub hloov pauv;
- kev vam meejav;
- cuam tshuam cua thiab daus;
- tsis muaj kev nruj ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm phab ntsa.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov rooj thiab qhov rais qhib pom tias tsis muaj zog rau tag nrho cov masonry. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev cuam tshuam rau cov qauv kev thauj khoom.
Kev tsim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb yog qhov tshwm sim txaus ntshai, vim tias txawm tias tuab li tib neeg cov plaub hau lawv ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub peev xwm ntawm cov phab ntsa poob qis heev. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev txhawb nqa ntawm aerated qhob tsev thaiv, ntau yam kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem zam tau.
Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov hlau uas muaj peev xwm nqus tau lub zog tensile. Thiab vim qhov no, tag nrho cov thav duab ntawm lub tsev tau muab qhov tsim nyog rigidity, uas tiv thaiv cov seem tsis muaj zog ntawm cov masonry los ntawm deformation.
As xaus
Kev siv cov pob zeb aerated hauv kev tsim kho niaj hnub no yog fraught nrog kev cia siab zoo thiab ua haujlwm hauv av rau yav tom ntej. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv zoo uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntau yam khoom. Thiab txij li tus nqi ntawm cov blocks muaj rau ntau tus neeg siv khoom, qhov no tsuas yog kev cawmdim tiag tiag rau cov tswv tsev ntiag tug. Txhua tus uas twb tau ua tsev tsev lossis tsev loj nyob hauv lawv thaj av los ntawm cov pob zeb aerated tau pom tus kheej qhov no.
Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev hwm, nws yog qhov tseeb vim tias tus nqi ntawm lub tsev hais tias qhov kev thov rau lawv loj tuaj. Thiab tej zaum nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, cov khoom no yuav tsis poob nws qhov tseeb. Tsawg kawg mus txog thaum ntawdlub sij hawm, kom txog rau thaum ib tug tshiab kev daws teeb meem yog invented, uas yuav ho ntau tshaj aerated qhob nyob rau hauv nws cov qualities. Tab sis tam sim no, peb muaj yam peb muaj, thiab qhov no tsis tuaj yeem tab sis zoo siab.
