Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis (tom qab no hu ua IT) hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no tshwm sim hauv txhua qhov ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. "Smart" systems thiab cov kev pab cuam tuaj rau kev cawm nyob rau hauv accounting thiab nyiaj txiag, tshuaj thiab pedagogy, advertising thiab xinesmas, thiab ntau lwm yam. Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho kuj tau coj cov kev hloov pauv zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij - cov neeg tsim khoom, cov tsim qauv thiab cov kws tsim vaj tsev, cov neeg siv khoom. Cov khoos phis tawj pab txij thaum pib, lees txais lub tswv yim los tsim ib qhov project, pom qhov tshwm sim, ua kev suav thiab kwv yees, ncaj qha txhim kho cov qauv thiab tswj cov khoom nws tus kheej.
CAD
Computer-aided design systems - CAD yog siv los siv cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho. Nrog lawv pab, koj tuaj yeem ua tau:
- kev npaj ua vaj tsev;
- dawsproject npaj cov hauj lwm;
- design solutions;
- xam cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv (lub zog, rigidity, stability, thiab lwm yam);
- tsim cov ntaub ntawv, tsim, tsim thiab kwv yees;
- tswj kev tsim kho nws tus kheej.
Cia peb teev cov kev pabcuam nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho:
- AutoCAD;
- ArchiCAD;
- Allplan;
- nanoCAD;
- Revit;
- "Compass";
- SCAD Office;
- "PC LIRA" thiab lwm tus.
AutoCAD Luv Ncig Ncig
AutoCAD - CAD, uas yog siv rau hauv lawv txoj haujlwm los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, cov kws tsim qauv, thiab cov kws tshaj lij hauv lwm qhov kev lag luam. Daim ntawv thov tso cai rau koj los tsim ob- thiab peb-dimensional qauv. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib qho kev pab cuam uas ua hauj lwm nrog cov duab nraaj primitives, kos duab thiab kos duab cov ntaub ntawv raug tsim. Lub tsev qiv ntawv uas twb muaj lawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tso cai rau kev siv cov blocks dynamic, yog tias tsim nyog, nws muaj peev xwm hloov lawv cov kev txwv. Lub kaw lus tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev luam ntawv, suav nrog kev luam ntawv peb sab.
Cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb raws li qhov kev zov me nyuam tau tsim rau kev tsim kho thiab kos duab:
- Architecture - rau kev ua haujlwm nrog kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv;
- Civil 3D yuav pab tsim kev tsim kho vaj tse, kev thaiv kev, kev tswj av thiab toj roob hauv pes;
- Inventor 3D - koj tuaj yeem siv nws thaum tsim cov ntu ntawm kev sib txuas lus (cov kav dej, kab hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam).
- Navisworks - xyuasarchitectural tej yaam num.
Cov kev pabcuam muaj daim ntawv tso cai them nyiaj rau kev lag luam siv, pub dawb rau kev kawm thiab qhia.
ArchiCAD
suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov zoo tshaj plaws siv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev thiab architectural. Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho, ua tsaug rau daim ntawv thov no, tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv virtual ntawm cov qauv tiag tiag, siv cov cuab yeej uas muaj cov analogues tiag tiag (kem, phab ntsa, qhov rais, qab nthab, thiab lwm yam). Cov ntaub ntawv raug tsim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog qhov project.
cov ntaub ntawv kwv yees
Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho pab hauv kev npaj cov nqi kwv yees thiab tso cai:
- xam qhov kwv yees;
- xaiv daim ntawv kwv yees;
- siv kev paub ntawm cov qauv hauv paus, ntsuas ntsuas, coefficients.
Muaj ntau ntau daim ntawv thov uas ua kom cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm. Nrov tshaj plaws:
- " kwv yees 2000"\"Kev kwv yees kwv yees";
- Smeta.ru;
- "Kev kwv yees-2000";
- "Overse";
- "Tus kwv yees loj" thiab lwm yam.
Lub peev xwm tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov lej thiab tsim cov ntawv rau kev luam ntawv txhawb kev ua haujlwm zoo li no, txo lub sijhawm rau nws tsim. Yuav luag tag tshem tawm qhov ua yuam kev.
Txoj haujlwm rau kev tswj hwm kev sib koom ua ke
Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm hauv kev tsim kho yog tsim los rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam no. Nrov tshaj plaws:
- "1C: Kev Tswj Xyuas Lub Koom Haum";
- "1C: Tus neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho. Kev tswj hwm kev tsim kho";
- "1C: Tus neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho. Kev tswj nyiaj txiag".
Systems pab hauv kev teem sijhawm, saib xyuas haujlwm. Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev siv nyiaj txiag thiab nyiaj txiag.
IT hauv kev tsim kho - ntawv xov xwm
Ntawv xov xwm "Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho" - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tshaj tawm hauv Moscow, MGK "GRAND MEDIA" txij li xyoo 2005. Txij li thaum 2011, nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob version. Muaj ib qhov chaw official. Kev tshaj tawm zaus yog ib hlis ib zaug. "Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho" yog cov ntawv xov xwm nrov ob qho tib si ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb nqaim hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam thiab cov neeg siv kev pabcuam. Peb teev cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
- xov xwm tsim kho tshiab.
- xov xwm thev naus laus zis hauv kev lag luam.
- Kev kwv yees, kev qhia meej hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog Grand Estimate program.
- Kev tswj hwm thiab kev cai lij choj hauv txhua qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim kho kev lag luam.
Hauv ntawv xov xwm koj tuaj yeem nrhiav kev xam phaj nrog cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam automation, cov lus teb rau cov lus nug nquag nug los ntawm cov neeg nyeem.
Information technology in construction, magazine
"Construction Expert" - lub portal rau cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam architectural. Muaj txij li xyoo 1998. Ua periodicals thiabtshwj xeeb tshaj tawm txog txhua ntu ntawm kev lag luam architectural thiab kev tsim kho. Nws cov kws sau ntawv yog cov kws tshaj lij architects, tsim qauv, tsim, ua lag luam, kws tshawb fawb, kws qhia ntawv, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm pej xeem thiab tsoomfwv cov koom haum. Ntawm cov neeg koom tes ntawm qhov project: Union of Architects ntawm Russia, German tus qauv Knauf, Graphisoft ArchiCAD, thiab ntau lwm tus. Cov Ntsiab Lus.
- Articles. Muaj xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb thiab thoob ntiaj teb hauv kev tsim qauv, chaw tsim khoom, kev tsim kho thiab lwm yam.
- Events. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev sib tham, ntu, cov rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb rau cov ncauj lus tsim kho.
- Gallery ntawm cov haujlwm. Nws muaj peb ntu: architecture, sab hauv, toj roob hauv pes. Txhua ntu nthuav qhia cov haujlwm ua haujlwm, lawv cov lus piav qhia hauv txhua qhov chaw.
- Cov kws tshaj lij. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kws tshaj lij koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev ua vaj tsev: hauv kev tsim, kev tsim kho, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm, kev lag luam thiab kev cai lij choj, nrog rau hauv xov xwm.
- koom haum. Cov npe ntawm cov ntu ntu hais rau lawv tus kheej: cov chaw tsim khoom, cov chaw muag khoom, cov khw muag khoom muag, tsoomfwv thiab tsoomfwv cov cai hauv kev tsim kho.
- Special projects.
- Contests.
Nrhiav cov ntawv xov xwm "Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho" tsis yog qhov nyuaj, vim nws muaj lub vev xaib raug cai.
BIM - modeling
Kev tsim kho niaj hnub ntawm txhua theem yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev suav, cov haujlwm uas muaj ntau yam kev ua tau zoo uas cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv thiabcov qauv, kev nqis peev thiab cov nqi. Nws tsis txaus rau cov neeg siv khoom niaj hnub no kom tau txais lub tsev zoo, ruaj khov. Yam tsawg kawg, nws xav tau ib yam dab tsi uas tsis yog tus qauv, ruaj khov thiab tus nqi tsawg. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv qauv siv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho pab daws cov teeb meem no thiab ntau lwm yam teeb meem.
Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tswj cov haujlwm rau kev tsim kho ntawm complex, saturated nrog ib tug network ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm technologies, muaj ntau yam teeb meem tshwm sim. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tuaj yeem tso cai rau ntawm theem tsim. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Ua tsaug rau kev siv BIM thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm txhua qhov ntawm cov txheej txheem yog nce, tus nqi, sijhawm thiab kev pheej hmoo raug txo. Qhov no tsis yog ib qho khoom siv software nkaus xwb - nws yog qhov hloov pauv hauv txoj hauv kev rau kev tswj hwm qhov project.
Tsim cov ntaub ntawv qauv yog cov qauv nyuaj uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv ua tiav thiab cov ntawv nyeem txog txhua yam. Lub kaw lus muaj tsib theem pib uas qhia txog txoj kev txhim kho. Los ntawm lub tswv yim mus rau lub xeev tiag. Ntawm ntau theem, theem ntawm kev nthuav dav teev cov ntaub ntawv xav tau. Cov kev xav tau qib yog cumulative. Yog li tom ntej no cia li muaj cov neeg thov ua ntej.
Lub tshuab tseem ceeb yog tus qauv peb sab. Nyob ntawm cov dej num yuav tsum tau daws nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, ntxiv vectors ntxiv: 4D - sij hawm, 5D - nqi, 6D - lag luam.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm BIM Qauv
Cia sau cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua qauv BIM:
- Tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv rau hauv pauscov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis yog tus qauv, kev xaiv thiab lwm yam.
- Kev sib koom tes ntawm cov tuam haujlwm thiab cov neeg koom nrog kev nqis peev.
- Parameterization.
- Tshawb nrhiav kev sib tsoo, vim li ntawd, lawv tshem tawm raws sijhawm.
- Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Los ntawm kev tsim mus rau pob nyiaj siv thiab nyiaj.
BIM-qauv - tus lej, kho tau, uas muaj nyob hauv lub sijhawm. Txawm hais tias tus txheeb ze tus nqi siab, thev naus laus zis tau nce siab heev rau Lavxias Federation. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov tseeb tias cov qauv hauv qab no tsis ntev los no tau tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw ntawm architecture thiab kev tsim kho hauv Russia:
- Kev hloov mus rau kev tsim kho thiab kev siv cov loj heev, complex, thiaj li hu ua mega-projects.
- Taw qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, kev hloov pauv mus rau kev tsim kho tshiab, txuag hluav taws xob.
- Qhov xav tau hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw vaj tsev thiab cov kev pabcuam hauv zej zog thiab kev tswj hwm lub xeev cov cuab yeej rau cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis tshiab tshaj plaws.
- Ntau qhov haujlwm ntau ntxiv uas yuav tsum muaj kev koom tes nrog ob tog. Ntawm ib sab - lub xeev cov qauv, ntawm qhov tod tes - kev lag luam ntiag tug.
Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev ua haujlwm tshaj lij
Kev siv IT hauv kev lag luam architecture thiab kev tsim kho yuav tsum muaj kev nqis peev loj, nyiaj txiag thiab kev txawj ntse. Tus nqi ntawm cov kev pab cuam lawv tus kheej, cov khoom siv (ib lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D tus nqi zoo li lub dav hlau), kev cob qhia cov kws tshaj lij yog qhov zoo heev.tsis pheej yig.
Hnub no muaj cov koom haum muaj peev xwm ua tau txhua yam haujlwm, los ntawm cov tswv yim mus rau cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj hauv kev tsim kho. Cov kws tshaj lij zoo tshaj plaws ua haujlwm ntawm no thiab cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws, niaj hnub thiab kim yog siv. Ib qho ntawm cov kev lag luam no yog LLC NPF "Center for Information Technologies in Construction" hauv Moscow. Ua cov dej num ntsig txog kev tsim, kev tswj xyuas qhov project, tswj kev tsim kho thiab kev tswj tus sau.
Tam sim no IT Situation in Road Construction
Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv cheeb tsam no yog qhov kev sib tham hauv cov tub ceev xwm, ntawm cov neeg tshawb fawb, hauv xov xwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev npaj hauv nroog, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv BIM thev naus laus zis tsis yog tsuas yog hauv kev tsim vaj tsev, tab sis kuj tseem nyob rau lwm qhov kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb, kev lag luam kev lag luam, yog txiav txim siab cais. Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho txoj kev ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsim txhua theem thiab cov txheej txheem ua ib chav nyob thoob plaws tag nrho lub neej voj voog ntawm ib yam khoom. Ob qho tib si nyob rau theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tshem tawm ntawm nws, thiab nyob rau theem ntawm kev tsim qauv, kwv yees thiab ua cov ntaub ntawv tsim.
BIM and PLM
BIM-cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev tsim kho txoj kev tau ua ntej ntawm PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) thev naus laus zis, tab sis lawv "kub hauv paus" tsuas yog hauv kev tsim kho tshuab. Txij li thaum muaj txiaj ntsig ntau lawm hauv cheeb tsam no yog kev txhawj xeeb ntawm cov tuam txhab loj. Thiab muab cov pej xeem nrog txoj kev zoo yog lub prerogative ntawm lub xeev.
Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm BIM twb tau ua tiav rau qee qhovnyob rau hauv technology ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev ua ub no ntawm txoj kev tsim kho. Ua ke nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tsoom fwv, thiab lub koom haum kev lag luam, cov kev cai lij choj tau txais kev pom zoo uas muab kev qhia txog kev siv tshuab hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam ntawm Russia.
IT Security
Ib txheej kev ntsuas uas ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau muab thiab siv rau txhua qhov kev tshaj tawm thiab cov tshuab. Cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug, cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, cov tswv yim, kev txhim kho, xa ntawv xa nrog cov npoj yaig thiab cov neeg koom tes, cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag thiab nyiaj txiag - tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem ua lag luam thiab lwm yam kev txaus siab.
Nyob rau hauv lub arsenal niaj hnub no, cov txhais tau hais tias yog lub cev thiab lub koom haum, hardware-software, raug cai. Ntawd yog, los ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab lub qhov rooj zoo mus rau kev txais yuav cov kev cai lij choj thiab kev cai lij choj. Kev tiv thaiv kev siv thev naus laus zis yog ib lub ntsiab lus dav heev thiab tsim nyog saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.
In xaus
Cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis tau dhau los ua ntom ntom hauv txhua qhov ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab txoj kev muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nws tuaj yeem yog lub khoos phis tawj, lub vev xaib Is Taws Nem, kev sib raug zoo, cov khoom siv kho vajtse thiab software ntau qhov nyuaj tsim los daws cov teeb meem loj, tshwj xeeb. IT kuj "tuag dhau" rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev lag luam architectural. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kev pabcuam niaj hnub tuaj yeem pab ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Hauv Is Taws Nem kuj tseem yuav pab cov tib neeg ua haujlwm kho vaj tse hauv tsev lossis hauv lub tebchaws. IT arsenal tab tom txhim khotas li, ntau thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tab tom los, tsim los kom ua haujlwm nrawm, ua kom zoo, txo nqi thiab ntau ntxiv.
