Soldering kev ua haujlwm muaj ntau heev tsis yog hauv cov chaw tshaj lij hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim kho, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Lawv raug siv kom tau txais kev sib txuas mus tas li ntawm cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom. Muaj ntau hom kev sib txawv, sib txawv hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, siv cov khoom siv, cov khoom ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam.
Technology overview
Qhov no yog txoj kev sib koom ua ke uas siv cov khoom sib txuas (solder) nrog cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Ob lub active soldering caij thiab cov workpieces raug preheating, vim hais tias ib tug qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog malleable rau koom yog tsim. Cov txheej txheem kub yuav tsum tshaj qhov kub siab tshaj qhov taw tes, hla cov hlau qhov chaw mos thiab pib hloov mus rau lub xeev ua kua. Ib tug yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm txhua yam ntawm soldering yog lub thermal raug lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub yaj. Qhov no yog lub caij nyoog los ntawm qhov pib ntawm cua sov mus rau lub solidification ntawm lub solder tom qabkev sib txuas. Qhov nruab nrab, kev khiav hauj lwm yuav siv sij hawm 5-7 feeb, tab sis tej zaum yuav muaj kev sib txawv ntawm qhov ntau yam - nws nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub workpiece thiab thaj tsam ntawm cov txheej txheem node.
Solder lamps
Cov cuab yeej siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm ntau yam, uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov cua kub kub los ntawm kev hlawv cawv, roj av thiab lwm yam kua roj. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, ib tug flare fuse khiav tawm ntawm lub nozzle ntawm lub apparatus, uas yog tom qab coj mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub yaj. Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev sib koom ua ke, tab sis kuj rau cov qauv cua sov thiab cov txheej txheem. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuab soldering yog siv ua ntej tshem cov xim pleev xim. Qhov nruab nrab cua sov ntawm lub teeb soldering hlau yog 1000 - 1100 ° C, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv vuam. Cov qauv tsim tau zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog roj av teeb. Lawv ncav cuag qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm kub thiab tuav feem ntau cov txheej txheem soldering ua hauj lwm. Tus tsim ntawm cov cuab yeej muab rau ib daim cartridge rau roj, nrog rau cov nplaim hluav taws uas tso cai rau koj hloov lub zog ntawm thermal raug.
Brazing torches
Ntau yam ntawm cov roj siv hluav taws xob uas tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub taub ntim roj lossis mus rau qhov chaw roj hauv nruab nrab. Thawj qhov kev xaiv khoom muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ywj pheej. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lub tshuab txau, zoo li lub teeb roj av, tuaj yeem siv tsis hais txog kev sib txuas lus sab nraud. Thaum xaiv xws li ib tug apparatus, ib tug yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hwj chim, ua hauj lwmkub, hom roj siv, npaj siv sijhawm, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, ib tug qauv roj soldering torch khiav ntawm propane-butane thiab ncav cuag ib tug kub ntawm txog 1300 ° C. Lub sij hawm ntawm kev sib txuas thermal txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3 teev, tab sis lub sijhawm no tseem yuav nyob ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov ntawv txuas nrog. Burners kuj txawv los ntawm hom ignition system. Cov qauv yooj yim tshaj plaws tau hloov pauv ntawm kev siv tshuab, thiab hauv ntau cov qauv niaj hnub, piezo ignition yog siv.
hluav taws xob soldering irons
Tsis tas li yog hom khoom siv soldering nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig, uas muaj kev nyab xeeb (piv rau cov khoom siv roj) thiab qhov loj me. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog hais txog qhov shortcomings thiab. Ua ntej, cov khoom siv zoo li no yog nyob ntawm lub ntsiab, uas txwv lawv txoj haujlwm. Thib ob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob tswj qhov kub tsis tshua muaj cua sov hauv thaj tsam ntawm 400-450 ° C. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias ib feem ntawm lub zog poob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob mus rau hauv tshav kub.
Thaum xaiv ib lub cuab yeej, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov siab tshaj plaws voltage. Yog li, hauv kev cob qhia thiab kev lag luam, cov qauv 220 V tau siv. Hauv cov xwm txheej hauv tsev, cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm ntawm 12 thiab 24 V transformers feem ntau yog siv. Cov dej num uas tuaj yeem daws tau nrog cov hluav taws xob soldering hlau yog tsuas yog siv rau kev kho cov khoom me me, rov ua dua microcircuit contacts., txuas cov khoom yas, thiab lwm yam.
Soldering stations
Rau batch lossis in-line soldering ua haujlwmsiv cov khoom siv multifunctional. Qhov chaw nres tsheb soldering yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, nrog rau cov cua kub ntau dua. Nws txaus los hais tias cov khoom siv ntawm hom no ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog ntawm 750 - 1000 W, txuas nrog cov tes hauj lwm nrog lub zog ntawm 220 V. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog cov cuab yeej kev tshaj lij, tab sis kuj muaj cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Piv txwv li, cov cuab yeej siv rau kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev yuav suav nrog ntau lub tswv yim sib hloov ntawm qhov sib txawv, sawv ntsug, desolderers, hlau cutters, thiab lwm yam khoom siv pabcuam. Tam sim no nws tsim nyog tau txais kev paub nrog cov txheej txheem sib txawv rau cov txheej txheem soldering.
hom kev lag luam tseem ceeb
Muaj cov txheej txheem rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab qhov sib txawv. Yog li, yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txuas yog tsawg dua 0.5 hli, ces qhov sib txawv yuav nyob nrog qhov sib txawv. Tshaj qhov ncua sij hawm no txhais tau hais tias qhov kev sib txuas tau ua tiav-rau-kawg. Ntxiv mus, cov pob qij txha tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv - piv txwv li, X- thiab V-zoo li tus. Gap soldering tsuas yog ua nrog cov kua nplaum, uas raug xa mus rau thaj tsam nruab nrab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Cov qauv ntawm pob tw soldering koom nrog qhov chaw pub dawb nrog cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Hnub no, muag muag, tawv thiab kub-kub soldering yog siv, uas yog siv feem ntau hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev tsim kho. Thawj ob lub tswv yim muaj ntau txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws - piv txwv li, hauv ob qho tib si, kev ua haujlwmqhov kub thiab txias yog 450 ° C thiab qis dua. Rau kev sib piv, kev sib txuas ntawm qhov kub siab yog ua nyob rau hauv hom tsawg kawg 600 ° C, thiab ntau zaus - siab dua 900 ° C.
Tib lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm kub qis tuaj yeem muab kev sib txuas zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yuav yog kev siv cov tawv tawv, vim tias muaj zog thiab refractoriness ntawm cov khoom tiav. Ntxiv tooj liab rau qhov sib txawv los yog sib koom ua ke yuav ua rau kom cov ductility ntawm lub workpiece. Yog hais tias nws yuav tsum tau kom tau ib tug saj zawg zog thiab elastic qauv, ces mos soldering yog siv.
Kev faib cov khoom muag
Nws muaj peev xwm faib cov khoom siv niaj hnub no ua ob pawg:
- melting at low temperatures.
- melting at high temperatures.
Raws li twb tau sau tseg lawm, qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshua muaj qhov kub ntawm 450 ° C thiab qis dua. Lub solder nws tus kheej rau hom kev ua haujlwm no yuav tsum tau muag ntawm 300 ° C. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no suav nrog ntau pawg tin alloys nrog ntxiv ntawm zinc, txhuas thiab cadmium.
Kub kub yaj xov xwm yog siv rau soldering ntawm kub ib ncig ntawm 500 ° C. Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab, uas kuj suav nrog npib tsib xee, phosphorus thiab zinc. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias, piv txwv li, tin-lead-cadmium solder, ntxiv rau qhov qis melting point, yuav txawv ntawm tooj liab alloys hauv txhua yam muaj zog. Qhov piv ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub cev muaj zog tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li hauv qab no: 20 - 100 MPa piv rau 100 - 500 MPa.
Ntau yam fluxes
Thaum raug tshav kub ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm hlauib qho oxide txheej yog tsim, uas tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm kev sib txuas zoo nrog cov solder. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv los tshem tawm cov teeb meem no, qee qhov kuj tshem tawm cov kab xeb thiab nplai.
Fluxes tuaj yeem raug cais los ntawm kev sib raug zoo nrog cov solders (nyuaj thiab muag) lossis los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Piv txwv li, rau cov muag muag ntawm cov hlau hnyav, cov khoom siv sau npe F-SW11 thiab F-SW32 yog siv. Rau cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov alloys hnyav, soldering fluxes ntawm F-SH1 thiab F-SH4 hom yog siv. Lub teeb hlau zoo li txhuas tau pom zoo kom kho ua ntej nrog cov sib txuas ntawm pawg F-LH1 thiab F-LH2.
Induction brazing method
Qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis no muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li cov txheej txheem kub melting classic. Ntawm lawv, ib tus tuaj yeem tawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm oxidation ntawm lub workpiece, uas qee zaum tshem tawm qhov xav tau siv cov fluxes, nrog rau cov nyhuv warping tsawg. Raws li rau lub hom phiaj cov ntaub ntawv, lawv suav nrog ob qho tib si mos thiab tawv alloys, nrog rau ceramics nrog yas. Piv txwv li, qhov zoo tshaj plaws solder rau tooj liab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav raug cim L-SN (kev hloov kho SB5 los yog AG5). Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm thermal zog thaum lub sij hawm induction raug, ob txhais tes tuav teeb li thiab tshuab units ntawm lub hwj chim tsim nyog yuav ua tau. Hauv kev tsim khoom, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kuj tseem siv tau thaum nws tsim nyog kom tau txais lub sij hawm ntev soldering ntawm cov cheeb tsam loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau qhov chaw inductor suav nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm, uas tuaj yeem ua tautxais workpieces ib tug los ntawm ib tug. Cov cuab yeej no, tshwj xeeb, yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej txiav tes.
Ultrasonic soldering
Lwm yam niaj hnub high-tech soldering txoj kev, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev xav tau tshem tawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov yam ntxwv shortcomings ntawm electrochemical kev twb kev txuas txoj kev. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog lub peev xwm los hloov cov pa flux raws li kev tshem tawm oxides. Lub stripping muaj nuj nqi yog ua los ntawm lub zog ntawm ultrasonic tsis, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm cavitation nyob rau hauv cov kua solder. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov dej num ntawm thermal binding txiav txim los ntawm cov yaj yog khaws cia tag nrho.
Lub thev naus laus zis kuj zoo dua ntawm kev sib txuas ceev. Yog tias peb sib piv cov hluav taws xob ultrasonic nrog cov nyhuv uas tin-lead solder muab, ces qhov kev siv ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov txheej txheem yuav ntau dua. Kev soj ntsuam pom tau hais tias ultrasonic tsis muaj zaus ntawm 22.8 kHz muab lub kaw kaw nrawm ntawm 0.2 m / s.
Tseem muaj kev lag luam zoo ntawm txoj kev no. Lawv kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv txoj hauv kev rau kev siv cov fluxes thiab solders. Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum sib sau ua ke monolithic capacitors, tam sim no converters thiab lwm yam khoom siv, metallization nrog palladium, nyiaj thiab platinum pastes yog dav siv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm ultrasonic soldering tso cai rau koj los hloov cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig nrog pheej yig dua analogues yam tsis tau poob qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam yav tom ntej.
Txoj kev ntawm soldering-welding
Soldering li xws li muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog cov txheej txheem vuam tsoos. Kuj tseem siv tau yog cov cua sov ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv thib peb uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov seam. Tab sis, piv rau cov txheej txheem vuam, brazing tsis muab rau ib qho kev yaj sab hauv ntawm cov qauv ua haujlwm. Cov npoo ntawm qhov chaw, raws li txoj cai, nyob ruaj khov, txawm tias lawv tau rhuab. Thiab tseem, ib qho ua tiav ntawm lub workpiece muab kev sib txuas kom muaj zog. Lwm qhov yog tias kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no, cov cuab yeej siv zog ntau dua yuav xav tau. Thaum siv cov kua nplaum rau tooj liab, uas tsis yog-capillary soldering nrog ntom ntim ntawm cov seam yog qhov ua tau. Txoj kev sib txuas no yog ib feem cuam tshuam nrog vuam, txij li nws ua rau kom cov adhesion ntawm cov qauv ntawm ob lossis ntau dua workpieces. Tsis yog-capillary soldering yog pom zoo nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob arc lossis oxy-acetylene torch.
Zoo kawg
Tau txais kev sib koom ua ke zoo thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem vuam tsis yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xaiv thev naus laus zis, solder nrog flux thiab khoom siv. Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem me me cuam tshuam nrog kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm tom ntej yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tshwj xeeb, kev siv cov khoom siv tawv tawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntau theem ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab tshuaj tua kab mob nrog carbon tetrachloride. Qhov tiav lawm yuav tsum huv si, du thiab qib raws li qhov ua tau. Ncaj nraim thaum lub sij hawm soldering, nws tseem pom zoo kom them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau txoj kev kho cov workpieces. ntshawfasten lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug clamping cuab tam, tab sis nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas tom kawg yog tiv thaiv los ntawm tshuaj lom neeg thiab thermal nres.
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev nyab xeeb. Active consumables - flux thiab solder - xav tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Rau feem ntau, cov no yog cov tshuaj tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb uas, nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, tuaj yeem tso cov tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, tiv thaiv tawv nqaij thiab ua pa yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv thaum ua haujlwm.
